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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *gĭ̀ĺò
Meaning: cold
Russian meaning: холодный
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kɨĺ
Meaning: winter
Russian meaning: зима
Old Turkic: qɨš (Orkh., OUygh.)
Turkish: kɨš
Tatar: qɨš
Uzbek: qiš
Uighur: qiš
Sary-Yughur: qɨs
Azerbaidzhan: Gɨš
Turkmen: Gɨš
Khakassian: xɨs
Shor: qɨš
Oyrat: qɨš
Halaj: qɨš
Chuvash: xǝl
Yakut: kɨs, kɨhɨn
Dolgan: kɨhɨn
Tuva: qɨ`š
Kirghiz: qɨš
Kazakh: qɨs
Noghai: qɨs
Bashkir: qɨš
Balkar: qɨš
Gagauz: qɨš
Karaim: qɨš
Karakalpak: qɨs
Kumyk: qɨš
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gil-
Meaning: cold
Russian meaning: холодный
Evenki: gildi
Even: gịlrъ̣
Negidal: gịlịgdị
Ulcha: Gịtụlị, Gịtịsị
Orok: Gịčụlị
Nanai: Gịčịsị
Oroch: giči-si
Udighe: gilihi
Comments: ТМС 1, 151. Most forms reflect a derivative *gil-si / *gil-či. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kìsàra-(n)ki
Meaning: second month of the lunar calendar
Russian meaning: второй месяц лунного календаря
Old Japanese: k(j)isarag(j)i
Middle Japanese: kisaragi
Tokyo: kìsaragi
Kyoto: kísárágí
Kagoshima: kisaragí
Comments: JLTT 451. Accent evidence is rather in favour of low tone, although the Kyoto form is aberrant. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *gVlV
Meaning: cold
References: ND 628 *giĺ(V)ʔV{d]V 'ice, frost, to freeze' (+Sem.). nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *ghelad-
Meaning: hoar-frost, hail
Old Greek: khálazda f. `Hagel; (hagelähnliche) Pustel, Tuberkel, Korn, Knoten, Knorren'
Russ. meaning: льдинка, изморозь
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: ожеле́дица
Near etymology: "гололедица, ледяной наст на снегу", южн. (Даль), укр. о́желе́дь, ожеле́да "гололедица, дождь со снежной крупой", цслав. жлѣдица "дождь со снегом, градом", словен. žlȇd, žledíca "гололедица, дождь с градом", польск. żɫód, żɫódź -- то же, кашуб. žɫodz, žɫodze "иней", полаб. zlod "град".
Further etymology: Праслав. *želd- (см. Шахматов, Очерк 153) родственно греч. χάλαζα "град" (*χάλαδι̯α), нов.-перс. žālа (*žаldа-) "град, иней", лтш. dzeldêt "твердеть (о снеге)"; см. Сольмсен, AfslPh 24, 579; Розвадовский, RО 1, 105; Траутман, ВSW 82; М.--Э. 1, 504 и сл.; Гофман, Gr. Wb. 410. Менее вероятно сравнение с лит. gélmenis "сильный холод", gelumà -- то же (от gélti "колоть"; см. жиля́ть) или с лат. gelū, -ūs "стужа, мороз", gelidus "холодный, как лед", гот. kalds "холодный", вопреки Вальде (335), Фальку--Торпу (560 и сл.); см. Вальде--Гофм. 1, 585 и сл.
Pages: 3,124
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 642
Root: ghelǝd-
English meaning: ice
German meaning: `Eis'
Material: Npers. žāla (*žalda) `Hagel, Reif'; gr. hom. χάλαζα `Hagel';
aksl. žlědica `gefrorener Regen', sloven. žlệd `Glatteis', klr. oželéda `Regen mit Schnee, Eis auf Bäumen', poln. żɫódź `Schneeregen, Glatteis'.
References: WP. I 629 f., Specht Dekl. 17.
Pages: 435
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *ɣĭl
Meaning (Rus.): лед, льдина
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ɣil "
Meaning (Rus.): льдина, лед (на море)
Chukchee: ɣílɣil ", -ɣil
Koryak: ɣílɣil "
Palan: ɣil-ɣil ", ɣiĺɣiĺ-naku magn., ɣic̨-
Alutor: ɣil-ɣil ", ɣilɣil-
Comments: С палатализацией из-за сочетания в пал. ɣec̨-c̨wǝ-lin 'богатый льдом' (ЯПК 136).
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *kăl-, *-ɣʷŏl
Meaning (Rus.): лед
Itelmen: kaĺ-čfsom (напан.), kt-wŏl (седанк.)
Itelmen meaning: лед 1, льдина, сосулька 2
West Itelmen: koĺ-čxsam
West Itelmen meaning: glacies
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): lód
South Itelmen: kud 1, [ko̯ada*] 2
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): glacies 1, grandus 2
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): lód 1, grad 2
Number in Volodin 1976: 40
Comments: Пеpвая часть сложения в западных языках значит 'лед', а втоpая 'дождь, осадки'. Дpугое сложение зафиксиpовано в седанк. диалекте kt-wŏl 'лед', см. *kt- (1567), а во второй части медиальный вариант той же самой основы.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vol,itelet-comments,
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