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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *gằŕ[à]
Meaning: sharp edge
Russian meaning: острый край, конец
Comments: Martin 251 (Kor.-Jpn.), Lee 1958, 111 (Kor.-TM). Fronting in Turk. is unclear (*Kaŕ would be normally expected). The Kor. word may also reflect *kằle q. v. (Joki 1963, 154); in any case, it actually reflects a suffixed form *gàŕ[a]-KV (cf. Man. GarGa) or *kale-kV. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *geŕ
Meaning: 1 notch of an arrow 2 aim (of a gun)
Russian meaning: 1 насечка на стреле 2 прицел (ружья)
Turkish: gez 2
Azerbaidzhan: gäz 1
Turkmen: gezlik 'small knife'
Tuva: kes 1
Tofalar: kes 1
Kazakh: kez 1
Bashkir: kiδe (dial.) 1
Gagauz: kēz 2
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gara
Meaning: bough, stick
Russian meaning: сук, палка
Evenki: gara
Even: gar
Negidal: gaja
Spoken Manchu: Garǝhǝn 'branch' (2134)
Literary Manchu: GarGa; Garin 'blade of a knife, edge of a sword'
Jurchen: gar (758)
Ulcha: Gara
Orok: Gara
Nanai: Gara
Oroch: gā
Udighe: gā
Solon: gar, gara
Comments: ТМС 1, 141, 142. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kárh
Meaning: knife, sword
Russian meaning: нож, меч
Modern Korean: khal
Middle Korean: kár (kárh-)
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kàtànà
Meaning: knife
Russian meaning: нож
Old Japanese: katana
Middle Japanese: kàtànà
Tokyo: kataná, katána
Kyoto: kátànà
Kagoshima: kataná
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *garV
Meaning: branch, stick out
Uralic: *kara (BF)
References: ОСНЯ 1, 226, МССНЯ 369; ND 669 *garHä 'sharp bough, sharp stick' (+ Chad.). nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *ghrān-
Meaning: edge, end
Celtic: Cymr gran `Augenlied', Bret grann `Braue, Augenhaare'
Russ. meaning: край, конец
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: грань
Near etymology: ж., укр. грань "угол, край, грань", русск.-цслав. грань κεφάλαιον, сербохорв. гра́на "плюсна", чеш. hrana "край, угол", слвц. hraň "куча дров", польск. grań "грань, угол, край", в.-луж. hrań, н.-луж. grań "ребро, край". Сюда же грани́ца.
Further etymology: Первонач. знач., вероятно, "острие". Родственно д.-в.-н. grana, англос. granu "усы", нов.-в.-н. Granne "ость полоса", шв. grån "ель", ирл. grend "борода", алб.-гег. kranë "жало, шип"; см. Сольмсен, KZ 37, 580; Бернекер 1, 346; Пересов 18; Торп 138 и сл.
Pages: 1,452-453
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *gr(j)ā̂n-jā̂- vb.
Lithuanian: griō̃niōti 'an etwas herumschneiden, schnipseln, knabbern, knuspern'
baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *granō(n)
Meaning: beard, moustache
Gothic: *grana f. (a): acc. pl. granōs `pigtail' (Isidor Orig. XIX 23, 7)
Old Norse: grɔn f. `Barthaar, Schnurrbart; Lippe'
Norwegian: dial. gron `Schnurrbart'
Old English: granu (granae, grane), -an f. `moustache'
Old High German: grana `Barthaar, Schnurrbart' (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: gran, grane st./wk. f. 'haarspitze, barthaar bes. an der oberlippe; stachliches haar, granne, gräte'
German: Granne f. `Ährenstachel'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oengl,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 654
Root: gher-3, ghrē- : ghrō- : ghrǝ-
English meaning: to come out, stick out
German meaning: `hervorstechen', von Pflanzentrieben oder -stacheln, Borsten, von Erderhebungen, Kanten usw.
General comments: (wahrscheinlich identisch mit ghrē- : ghrō- : ghrǝ- `wachsen, grünen', s. dort); s. auch unter ĝhers-.
Material: a. Gr. χαρία βουνός Hes., χάρμη `obere Lanzenspitze', ἄγ-χαρμον ἀνωφερη̃ τήν αἰχμήν Hes., χοιράς `emporstehend, hervorragend; hervorragende Klippe im Meer' (*ghori̯o-); allenfalls (doch ganz unsicher) hierher norw. dial. gare `Spitze', gara `stechen, stoßen';
von der schweren Basis: mhd. grāt, Pl. græte m. `Fischgräte, Ährenspitze, Bergspitze, Berggrat', nhd. Grat, Gräte (*ghrē-tí-);
mit Red.-Stufe: poln. grot, čech. hrot `Pfeilspitze, Wurfspieß';
b. mit -d-Suffix: ahd. mhd. graz n. `Schößling, Zweig von Nadelhölzern' (auch wohl aufs Seelische gewendet ahd. grazzo Adv. `heftig, streng', mhd. graz, grāz `Wut', graz `wütend, zornig');
c. mit n-Suffix:
Got. *granō (Isidor Orig. XIX 23, 7), ahd. grana, ags. granu, aisl. grǫn f. `Schnurrbart; Mund, Fichte', mhd. gran, grane `Spitze des Haares, Barthaar, Gräte', nhd. Granne `Ährenstachel', dial. `Rückenborste des Schweins', und `Gräte';
slav. *granь `scharfe Ecke, Kante', z. B. in russ. granь f. `Grenze; Markstein; Facette', čech. hrana `Ecke, Kante' usw.; dazu auch russ. gránka `Büschel', klr. hránok `Ast, Zweig', bg. skr. grána `Zweig';
d. mit -en-dh-Suffix:
Alb. krande `Strohhalm, Splitter, Reisig', tosk. krende `Zweig' (*ghrondh- oder *ghrendh-), usw.;
gall. grennos `Bart' (Wartburg), mir. grenn `Bart' (*ghrendh-no-s); cymr. grann `Augenlid, Wange', bret. grann `Augenbraue' (mit unklarem a; oder ist *ghrn̥dh-no-s anzusetzen?).
References: WP. I 606, WH. I 413 f.
Pages: 440
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *gaẓ-
Meaning : stick
Notes : PKG has *k- due to contamination with several other *K-R- type roots meaning 'stick, twig'.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *Kaẓ-ai
Meaning : pole, stick
Tamil : kaẓai
Tamil meaning : pole used for propelling boats, elephant-goad, stem of sugar-cane, shaft of a bamboo, bamboo bottle, spiny bamboo
Tamil derivates : kaẓi rod, staff, stick, handle of tool, peg to keep a yoke in place, lath; kaẓāy acrobat's pole, spiny bamboo; kaẓāyar pole-dancers, tumblers; kāẓ post, pillar, oar, iron rod, elephant-goad, bolt, handle, rafter, firewood
Malayalam : kaẓa
Malayalam meaning : bamboo, pole for carrying burdens
Malayalam derivates : kaẓi staff of hoe, pin of yoke
Kannada : gaẓ, gaẓa, gaẓu, gaẓuvu, gaẓe, gaḍe, gaḍi
Kannada meaning : bamboo rod or stake, bamboo, pole, staff, bamboo pole on which Kollaṭigas or Dombas tumble, churning stick
Kodagu : gaḷe
Kodagu meaning : long stick
Tulu : kari
Tulu meaning : bar with which a door is fastened, pole fastened to a load by which it is carried on the shoulders
Tulu derivates : karè, garè the pole to which a bucket is attached in a country water-lift; garu, (B-K. also) karu, gaḷu rafter
Number in DED : 1370
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kaḷ- (*g-)
Meaning : churnstick (word used at tī dairy and at kog foɫ̣y dairy of Tōr_ōṛ clan; ordinary word is mod, DBIA 287)
Toda : koɫ̣ag
Additional forms : Also Toda koɫ̣em id. (TS 92.16, pɨn goɫ̣em golden churnstick, with reference to the tī dairy)
Number in DED : 1370
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *gaḍ-
Meaning : pole, staff, rod, stick, stalk, mast
Telugu : gaḍa
Number in DED : 1370
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kaṛ-
Meaning : stick
Parji : kaṛcid (pl. kaṛcil) "wood for fuel"
Ollari Gadba : kaṛsid (pl. kaṛsil) "wood for fuel"
Salur Gadba : kaḍcil "wood for fuel"
Poya Gadba : kaṛmeṭ
Additional forms : Also Parji kaṛpa thin stick, twig, beanstick; Salur (P) kanve stick; kanḍven (pl. kanḍvēl) id.
Number in DED : 1165
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-poya,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *gaṛ-
Meaning : stick
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kon,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : gaṛa
Meaning: pole, long stick
Number in DED : 1370
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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