Altaic etymology : List with all references

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *gămo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: concubine, co-wife

Russian meaning: наложница, со-жена

Turkic: *Koma

Tungus-Manchu: *gama

Korean: *kòmá

Comments: Ramstedt (SKE 415) thinks of a loan Kor. > Turk., which is highly improbable (see TMN 1, 415); despite late attestation in Turkic the root may well be archaic. For TM one should suppose the original meaning "children of smb.'s concubine(s)".

altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *Koma

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 concubine 2 wives of the same husband

Russian meaning: 1 наложница 2 жены одного мужа по отношению друг к другу

Turkish: kuma 1, 2

Tatar: quma (Буд.) 1

Middle Turkic: quma (Pav. C.) 1

Karaim: quma 1

Comments: Turk. > MMong. (MA, LHa) quma id. (although Doerfer TMN 1, 415 suggests the opposite direction of loan - which is dubious because of the isolated nature of the MMong. form).

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gama

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: children of sisters

Russian meaning: дети сестер, племянники

Ulcha: Gamasụ

Orok: Gamasụ

Nanai: Gamasõ

Oroch: gama, gamasu

Comments: ТМС 1, 138.

tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *kòmá

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: concubine

Russian meaning: наложница

Middle Korean: kòmá

Comments: Nam 46.

koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *KVmV ?

Meaning: to marry

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *g'em-

Altaic: *gămo

Kartvelian: *kmar- 'husband'

References: Alt. *gămo with a *g- is a problem. Perhaps instead TM *gama we should compare TM *koma 'relatives, kinsmen' (see ND 888): it would change PA to *koma and make it compatible with IE and Kartv. And TM *gama could be = PIE *ǵhom- 'person' = Ur. *komV 'man, person' < PN *gVmV 'person'. Cf. ND 888 *kümV 'man, person' (comparing Kartv. *kmar-, IE *ǵhom-, Mong. kümün (probably incorrectly), TM *koma and Ur. *komV).

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *g'ame-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: son-in-law, fiancé; to marry

Old Indian: jā́ra- m. `paramour, lover; confidential friend; paramour of a married woman', jā́mātar- m. `son-in-law; brother-in-law', jāmí- `related like brother and sister', f. (postved.) `a female relative of the head of a family, esp. daughter-in-law', jāmā f. `daughter'

Avestan: zāmātar- 'Tochtermann', zāmaoya- 'Bruder des Schwiegersohns'

Old Greek: gambró-s m. `Schwiegersohn, Eidam; Schwager'; gaméō `heiraten, sich verheiraten', aor. égǟma, gegámēka, gegámēmai̯; gámo-s m. `Heirat, Hochzeit'; gamétǟ-s m. `Gatte, Ehemann', gametǟ́ `Gattin, Frau', gamétis `id.'

Slavic: *zę̄tь

Baltic: *ǯen̂-t-a-, *ǯin-t-a- m.

Latin: gener, -erī m. `Schwiegersohn', Gl. genta = gambrós Gl. II Ps. Philox. GE 19

Albanian: dhë́ndhër 'bride-groom; son-in-law'

Russ. meaning: зять, жених; брать в жены

References: WP I 692, Buck 107.

Comments: Contaminating with *g'ene- (cf. under *g'ene- Lett. znuõts, Gr. gnōtǟ́).

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: зять,

Near etymology: род. п. зя́тя, укр. зять, блр. зяць, др.-русск. зять, род. п. зяти νυμφίος, ст.-слав. зѩть νυμφίος (Супр.), болг. зет "зять, жених", сербохорв. зе̏т "зять" -- то же, словен. zèt, род. п. zéta, др.-чеш. zět᾽, род. п. zěti, чеш. zеt᾽, слвц. zаt᾽, польск. zięć.

Further etymology: Родственно лит. žéntas "зять", связано чередованием с лтш. znuôts "зять, свояк", греч. γνωτός "родственник, брат", др.-инд. jñātíṣ "родственник". Далее, вероятно, с первонач. знач. "знакомый" -- к знать (см.); см. Мi. ЕW 401; В. Шульце, KZ 63, 113; Кипарский, Neuphil. Мitt., 1942, стр. 113 и сл. Другие связывают zętь с к. *ǵen- "рождать"; см. Траутман, ВSW 370; Шрадер, IF 17, 18 и сл. (со знач. "сородич" или "родитель"); см. Мейе--Вайан 60; Мейе--Эрну 480; Герман, "Glotta", 11, стр. 263; Педерсен, KZ 36, 335; Вальде--Гофм. I, 590 и сл. Об алб. гег. dhąndër, тоск. dhëndër ср. Иокль, LKU 46 и сл.

Trubachev's comments: [См. еще Трубачев, Терм. родства, стр. 128 и сл. -- Т.]

Pages: 2,112

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *ǯen̂-t-a-, *ǯin-t-a- m.

Meaning: daughter's husband

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Old Lithuanian: źintas `Schwager' (Szyrwid)

Lithuanian: žénta-s `Schwiegersohn, Tochtermann; (dial.) in das Haus einer Witwe einheiratender zweiter Mann'

Comments: Cf. also: OLith pl. gentes/gentīs, Lith gentì-s, gen. pl. genčių̃ 'Verwandte(r), Verschwägerte(r)

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 564

Root: ĝem(e)-

English meaning: to marry

German meaning: `heiraten', auch in Bezeichnungen für Verwandte, bes. angeheiratete Verwandte.

Material: Ai. jārá-ḥ `Freier, Buhle' (*ĝm̥̄-ró-s?); ai. jā́mātar-, av. zāmātar- `Tochtermann', nach den anderen Verwandtschaftsnamen auf -tar- geschaffene Erweiterung, mit ā der zweiten Silbe nach mātar-; zugrunde liegt kürzeres *jāma-, vgl. av. zāmaoya- `Bruder des Schwiegersohnes', auch ai. jāmí-ḥ `verschwistert, blutsverwandt', fem. nachved. `weibliche Verwandte, bes. Schwiegertochter', ved. ví-jāmi-ḥ) `verschwägert', jāmā `Schwiegertochter';

gr γαμέω `heirate' (Akt. vom Mann, Med. von der Frau), ἔγημα (dor. ἔγᾱμα), γεγάμη-μαι; γαμέτης `Gatte', γαμετή, γαμέτις, -ιδος `Gattin', γαμήλιος `hochzeitlich', γάμος m. `Hochzeit'; γαμβρός (*ĝ_em-ro-) `Schwiegersohn';

lat. gener-, ī ds. (für *gemer nach genus, gēns).

References: WP. I 574 f., WH. I 590 f.

Pages: 369-370

PIE database: PIE database

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *kmar-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: муж

English meaning: husband

Georgian: kmar-

Megrel: komoǯ-, komonǯ-

Laz: komo(n)ǯ-, kimoǯ-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 198, EWK 379. Ср. ПИЕ *ǵemǝ- 'жениться, жених, зять'.

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVMV

Meaning : to give birth, family

Eurasiatic : *KVmV ?

Afroasiatic : Akk. kim- 'family', Cush. *kVm- 'to give birth'

Reference : ND 885 *kEmV ~ *kEmHo 'to give birth' (IE-SH).

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