Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *àpo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to wear out, be spoiled

Russian meaning: изнашиваться, портиться

Turkic: *obu-ra- / *obu-n-

Mongolian: *ebe-

Tungus-Manchu: *abu-

Japanese: *àpà-

Comments: Cf. *ebí.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *obu-ra- / *obu-n-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to wear out (intr.), decay 2 to cease, stop 3 to tire 4 to be destroyed

Russian meaning: 1 изнашиваться, стареть 2 прекращаться 3 уставать 4 развалиться, разрушиться

Tatar: uwa-l-, wa-l- 1, 3, 4 (dial., ТТДС 112, 451)

Khakassian: ūra- 1

Oyrat: ūra- 1

Chuvash: ɨvъn- 3

Yakut: ūraj- 2

Kirghiz: ura- 4

Comments: VEWT 356, 515. Kalm. ōr- 'to fall apart, become spoiled' may be < Turkic, but the immediate source is unclear (Tat.?). The Chuv. form may be a dialectal variant of ɨlъn-, see Егоров 342, Федотов 2, 468.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *ebe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to be ill 2 to weaken 3 illness

Russian meaning: 1 болеть 2 изнемогать, обессилеть 3 болезнь

Written Mongolian: ebed- 1 (L 286), ebere- 2

Middle Mongolian: ebet- (SH), ebečin 3 (HYt), äbdä- (IM), ibä̆d- (MA) 1

Khalkha: övd- 1, övrö- 2

Buriat: übde- 1, übešen 3

Kalmuck: öwdǝ- 1

Ordos: öwöd- 1, öwöčin 3

Dongxian: otu- 1 (Тод. Дн. 132)

Baoan: vete- 1 (Тод. Бн. 136), (MGCD) ɛtǝ- 1

Dagur: eude- 1, eur 3 (Тод. Даг. 141, MD 146)

Shary-Yoghur: wēd- 1

Monguor: (w)idi-, udi- 1 (SM 188, 464), (Тод. Мгр. 368)

Mogol: ebätu-; ZM ebätun 'pain' (4-7a)

Comments: KW 302, MGCD 536.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *abu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to lack, be insufficient 2 to become exhausted, lean 3 to be tired 4 to bleed

Russian meaning: 1 недоставать, не хватать 2 худеть, чахнуть 3 уставать, обессилевать 4 истекать кровью

Evenki: abul- 1, abu- 4

Even: abъ̣l- 1

Negidal: abụl- 1

Literary Manchu: absa- 2, abuliqabi 3

Ulcha: abụlị- 1

Orok: abụlị- 1

Nanai: abolị- 1

Oroch: abuli- 1

Udighe: abuli- 1

Solon: abụl- 1

Comments: ТМС 1,6-7. It is interesting to compare the Evk. form abu- with OT (8th cent.) ab- 'to bleed' (EDT 4) - perhaps a separate root? Note the irregular preservation of *-b- in all languages, possibly suggesting an early loan from Manchu. TM > Dag. abila- (Тод. Даг. 118).

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *àpà-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bleak, weak, faded

Russian meaning: бледный, слабый

Middle Japanese: àfà-

Tokyo: awá-

Kyoto: áwa-

Kagoshima: awá-

Comments: JLTT 826.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *apV

Meaning: to end up, wear out, be destroyed

Altaic: *àpo (cf. also *ebí 410)

Dravidian: *aví-

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *aví-

Meaning : to destroy; to extinguish; to be tired

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *avi-

Proto-Telugu : *avi-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *avi-

Notes : The variation in close, but different meanings suggests that the root may have been open to semantic contamination with several others (cf. in particular Tamil forms with initial n- which are contaminated phonetically as well). Konḍa namb- 'to cool down (fire)' is given by Burrow & Emeneau as a questionable cognate, but is certainly a different root (there is no way whatsoever that it could correspond to Gondi aviyānā 'to be tired'!). // Present in 3/6 branches.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *avi-

Meaning : to repress; to perish

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : avi (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to become repressed, subdued, cease, desist from action, become extinguished, fail, diminish, perish

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to suppress, repress, subdue, extinguish, destroy; avivu extinction, annihilation; navi (-pp-, -tt-), naviẓ (-pp-, -tt-) to extinguish

Malayalam : avikka, amikka

Malayalam meaning : to destroy

Kannada : avi

Kannada meaning : to go out, be extinguished, perish

Proto-Nilgiri : *avĭ-

Notes : Tamil navi and naviẓ are a rather obvious result of contamination between this stem and PSDR *navai- ~ *namai- 'to trouble, etc.'.

Number in DED : 0267

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *avĭ-

Meaning : to calm down (intr.), cease talking

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : ofy- (ofs-)

Additional forms : Also Toda ofy- (ofc-) to calm (tr.), make to cease talking

Number in DED : 267

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *avi-

Meaning : to be destroyed

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : aviyu

Number in DED : 267

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *avi-

Meaning : to be tired

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *avi-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *avi-

Meaning : to be tired

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Koya Gondi : ayv- "to be tired, exhausted"

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : avkānā "to tire"

Adilabad Gondi : aviyānā "(SR) to be tired"

Notes : The intransitive form is *avi-; the opposite transitive one is *av-k-.

Number in DED : 267

Number in CVOTGD : 101

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