North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦen(V)š_wĭ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: earth, clay

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʔonš:ʷi

Proto-Lak: aIrš:i

Proto-Dargwa: *heš(:) ( ~ ħ-)

Proto-West Caucasian: *nǝš́ʷǝ

Notes: The comparison seems quite reliable; we have to suppose an original vowel between *-n- and *-š- (lost in PEC) to account for the preservation of n- in PWC. See Abdokov 1983, 99.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ʔonš:ʷi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 earth 2 mud, clay

Avar: ħarš: 2

Andian language: onš:i 1

Akhvakh: ũs:i 1

Chamalal: ũs: 1

Tindi: unš:i 1

Karata: unš:i 1

Botlikh: unš:i 1

Bagvalal: unš: 1

Godoberi: unš:i 1

Comments: Av. paradigm B~C (gen. ħarš:ú-l). Cf. also Av. (Usl.) ħaš: 'mud, clay', Bagv. Tlond. hũš:a, Kar. Tok. ʕunš:i, Cham. Gig. uns:i 'earth'.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: aIrš:i

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: earth

Lak form: aIrš:i

Comments: 4th class. Obl. stem aIrš:a-ra-.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *heš(:) ( ~ ħ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dust (of rotten wood)

Akusha: ħeš

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *nǝš́ʷǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: earth, clay

Abkhaz: a-nǝ́š̌

Abaza: nǝšʷ

Comments: PAT *nǝšʷǝ (cf. also Bzyb. a-nǝ́š̌). PAT *šʷ can only go back to PWC *š́ʷ.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɦénšwĭ

Meaning: earth, soil

North Caucasian: *ɦen(V)š_wĭ

Yenisseian: *su(ʔ) (~č-)

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *su (~č-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: soil, ground

Kottish: šu

Comments: ССЕ 276. Werner 2, 442 (without reconstruction).

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