Nikita Krougly-Encke (Paris)

 KAMCHUKCHEAN AS A MEMBER OF EURASIAN (NARROW-NOSTRATIC) FAMILY (based on the Kamchukchean reconstruction by O. Mudrak)

 A. Pronouns.

 A.1. PChuk. *amto 'what, how (are you), how (it is) (interrog. adv., parenth.); hello (male)' [CHUKET 1838]
 The 1^st part: PAlt. *mV interrog. root [EDAL: 958; ALTET 1379] | PUr. *mV 'what; thing' [UEW: 296; URALET 588] / *mi  *mɨ [Sammallahti 1981] | PIH. *me- interrog. pron. [Friedrich: 132, 135; Adams: 451; PIET 2963] | PKart. *ma- 'what; which' [Климов 1964: 124; KARTET 664; EWK: 226 f.; Klimov 1998: 112] / (KZ.) *mu, (Svan) *maj [KARTET_2 664] < PEurAs. **mV 'what' interrog. pron. [ОСНЯ 1: 9; 2: N^o300; ND: N^o1355; Bomhard 1994: N^o524; NOSTRET 1437].
 The 2^nd part: to PEurAs. **t`V 'this, that', q.v.

 A.2. PKCh. *-ъl-ɣʷo-na 'he; himself' (PChuk. *ъllona pers. pron. 3^rd p. 'he, she'; PKam. *-lɣʷin, *ti-l(ɣʷ)un refl. pron. 'self') [Мудрак 2000: 80 f.; KAMET 691]
 The 1^st part: PTurk. *lo, *-l 'this' | PEsk. *əɫ-a, *əɫ-i-r < *əɫ-a, *əɫ-i-r 'he, she, it (3^rd p. sg.); they (3^rd p. pl.)' pers. pron. [CED: 108; ESQET 1324; Мудрак 2011: 245] | PIE. *el-, *ol- demon. pron. [WP I: 84 f.; PIET 3078] < PEurAs. **ʔVlV,  **lV demon. pron. [NIODET 1005; Мудрак 2011: 245; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.86e];
 the 2^nd part is etymologically equal to PKCh. *ɦʷa-[j-] ( *ɣʷ-a-) 'that' and *ɣʷu-t- 'this; here', q.v.'
 the 3^rd part, maybe to PKCh. *'ъno pers. pron. 3 sg. 'he, she, it', q.v.

 A.3. PKCh. *'ъno pers. pron. 3 sg. 'he, she, it' (PChuk. *'ъnno, *ən- 'he, she, it'; PKam. *'ɨna, *'ɨn'a, *'ɨlna- 'he, she, it') [Мудрак 2000: 33; KAMET 631; Fortescue 2005: 342 f.]
 | PMong. *e-ne demon. pron. [MONGET 93, sub ALTET 406] | PEsk. *-a, *-i-r < *-a, *-i-r, cf. supra | PDr. *n_ai 'other; the rest' [DED_2: N^o919; SDRET 807] | PIE. *en-, *on- demon. pron. 'that; (an)other' [WP II: 336 f.; Pokorny: 319 ff.; Tischler: 29 f., 106 f.; PIET 3076] < PEurAs. **ʔVnV, **-nV deict. part. [ND: N^oN^o775, 807, 808; NOSTRET 1298].

 A.4. PKCh. *'əɦə, *'əɣə- pers. pron. 'they' (PChuk. *ə, *əɣə- 'they'; PKam. *'ith, *txi-, *ti-l'un ( -l'-) 'they') [Мудрак 2000: 30; KAMET 636; Fortescue 2005: 338; Мудрак 2008: 76 c.]
 | PUr. *ce  *ci 'this, that, such, he' [UEW: 33 f.; URALET 60] | PAlt. *‰`a 'that, beyond, not very far' (Mong. *‰a- 'that, beyond'; PTung. *‰- 'that, further (not very far)'; PKor. *‰ə 'this') [EDAL: 406; ALTET 255] < PEurAs. **cV(HV) ( c-, ‰-, ‰`-) 'this' [ND: N^oN^o284, 375; PIET 1238].

 A.5. PKCh. *ɣə'nə, *ɣəni- 'thou' 2^nd p. sg. pron. (PChuk. *ɣə, *ɣən(nə)- 'you'; PKam. *kiza, *kъn-'in 'you') [Мудрак 2000: 40; KAMET 520; Fortescue 2005: 142 f.; Мудрак 2008: 108]
 The 1^st part is etymologically identical to PKCh. *ɣъmo, *ɣəmi- 'I', q.v.;
 the 2^nd one is etymologically enigmatic.

 A.6. PKCh. *ɣъmo, *ɣəmi- 'I' 1^st sg. pers. pron. [Мудрак 2000: 39; KAMET 517; Мудрак 2008: 94] (also SKam. ma 'me'), *-m- v; Fortescue 2005: 146 f.bal subj. imper. marker
 The 1^st part is cognate with PTurk. *-k marker of 1^st p. pl. in some tenses | PKart. *gw- 'we, us' 1^st p. pl. incl. pron. | PSl. *-ego, *-ogo marker of gen. / acc. of pers. pron. < PEurAs. **gwV exponent of 1^st and 2^nd p. of pers. pron. [ND: N^o19; NOSTRET 1192] is b PNCauc. *z (obl. *ʔez(V)) 'I' [NCED: 1084 f.; CAUCET 2283];
  On my opinion, PIE. *eg'(h)(-m) 'I' 1^st p. sg. pron. (nom.) [WP I: 115 f.; Pokorny: 291; Adams: 265; PIET 2956] (+ Hitt. uk, ug(g)a 'ich' [Friedrich: 232]).
 the 2^nd part is cognate to PAlt. *bi (obl. *mi-ne-) 'I', *ba (emend. by O. Mudrak to *b(u)E) (obl. *miu-n-) 'we' [EDAL: 341 f.; ALTET 126], cf. *-m 1^st p. sg. poss. marker, *-m 1^st p. sg. vbal subj. marker | PYup. *-m- 'I (1^st p. sg. pers. pron. ); we (1^st p. pl.)' [YUPET 1030; Мудрак 2011: 894], PEsk. *-m= 1^st sg., du., pl. subj. marker (for 2^nd p. obj. marker in subj.-obj. conjug.), *vi sg., *va()- pl. 'I (1^st sg.), we (1^st pl.)' pers. pron. [CED: 383; Fortescue 1998: 53; ESQET 608; Мудрак 2011: 827 f.]; PAl. *[t]-uma- 1^st p. pl. pron. [AD: 397] | PUr. *mE 'I' [UEW: 294; URALET 583], PUr. *mE 'we' [UEW: 294; URALET 584; Janhunen 1977: 91], cf. *-m 1^st p. sg. vbal subj. suff., *-me-k, -j (/ --) 1^st p. pl. vbal subj. suff. | PYuk. *me-t ( --) 'I' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1221; JUKAET 63], cf. *-m 1^st p. sg. poss. marker, *-m 1^st p. sg. vbal subj. interrog. marker, *mi-t  *mi- ( --) 'we' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1238; JUKAET 1052] | PIE. *(e)me (obl. *mene) 'I' [WP II: 236; Pokorny: 702; PIET 2986], *me- 'we' [Fraenkel: 441; PIET 3162], cf. *-m, *-mi 1^st p. sg. act. / transit. / ergat. vbal obj. marker | PKart. *men / *mi (obl. *men-) 'I' [Климов 1964: 132; EWK: 233 f.; KARTET 693; Klimov 1998: 119], cf. *m- 1^st p. sg. / pl. vbal obj. marker < PEurAs. **(H)mi  **(H)me 'I', **(H)ma (obl. **(H)mu-?) 'we' (incl.) [FUV: 34 f.; Долгопольский 1964: 1 c.; ОСНЯ 1: 6; 2: N^oN^o289, 299; ND: N^oN^o1354, 1354a, 1354b; NOSTRET 1436; Bomhard 1964: N^o540; Greenberg 2000: N^o1; UEW: 294; Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1238; Blaek 2007: N^oN^o37, 42; Мудрак 2011: 894, 827; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.95a]. 

 A.7. PKCh. *ɦʷa-[j-] ( *ɣʷ-a-) 'that' (PChuk. *ɣaʒ- 'that (near); now'; PKam. *xeje, *xij- 'that, there') [Мудрак 2000: 213 (Chuk.); KAMET 148; Fortescue 2005: 322 (Chuk.)]
 The 1^st part is cognate to PAlt. *o 'this, that (deictic particle)' [EDAL: 1040; ALTET 1554] | PEsk. *u-, *u-a demon. 'this near; here it is',*ta-wa- prefixed pron., adv., predic. [CED: 385, 480; ESQET 708; Мудрак 2011: 768]; PAl. *u-ka demon. 'in here' [AD: 426-428], *u-ma demon. 'here, now (invisible: heard, felt, or smelled); back here (as behind my back, or on the other side of the island)' [AD: 438]], ? *u-a demon. 'here (extended), along here, around here; now, nowadays' (if not < *ma-a, reshaped after *u-ka, *u-ma), *wa- demon. 'here, now (close to the speaker, or to a principle character in a story)', *wa(ja) deict. 'right now, look, here (is), this is' [AD: 459 f.] | PUr. *o  *u 'that' [UEW: 332; URALET 664] | PYuk. *ween '(an)other' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2607; JUKAET 896] | PDr. *- 'that (intermediate)' [DED_2: N^o557; DRAVET 1676] | PIE. *aw-, *we- (PIH. *u-) 'that' demon. pron., conj. [WP I: 187 f., 189 f.; Pokorny: 1103; PIET 3048] (cf. *u-, *u-d, *u-g'h, *u-s 'out; over' [WP I: 189 f.; PIET 3049]) | PKart. *u- 'to / for him, her' obl. obj. pref. (3^rd p. benef.) | PKCh. *ɣʷu-[t-] 'this; here' [Мудрак 2000: 47; KAMET 335; Fortescue 2005: 199; Мудрак 2008: 54] (comp. with PEurAs. **t`V 'this, that'), | El. (m.) hu, (n. )hi, (Ach.) hi, hu, (o., m., n., Ach.) i 'this' (contam.?) < PEurAs. **ʔo  **ʔu(wV), **wV 'that (not so far, approaching)' [ND: N^o754; NOSTRET 1294; NIODET 1431; Мудрак 2011: 768]. 
 The 2^nd part, to PAlt. *i a deictic root [EDAL: 577; ALTET 582] | PUr. *e ( *i) 'this' [UEW: 67 f.; URALET 126] | PDr. *i- 'this' [DED_2: N^o410; DRAVET 433] | PIH. *i-, *ey-, *yo- demon. / relat. pron. 'that, which' [WP I: 95 ff.; Pokorny: 281 ff.; PIET 3065] | PKart. *hi 'that' demon. pron. / deictic stem (distal) [EWK: 577; KARTET 476] / *i- [Климов 1964: 99; Klimov 1998: 80], *-i marker of nom. | El. (m.) hu, (n. )hi, (Ach.) hi, hu, (o., m., n., Ach.) i 'this' (contam.?) < PEurAs. **ʔi (**hi) 'this' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o134; Bomhard 1994: N^o444; ND: N^oN^o754, 2618; NOSTRET 1293; Starostin in pr.: N^o46].

 A.8. PKCh. *ɣʷu-t- 'this; here' (PChuk. *ɣut 'this (near)'; PKam. *ɣʷъt-, *(xʷъ)teʷɦ-ank 'this') [Мудрак 2000: 47; KAMET 335; Мудрак 2008: 54; Fortescue 2005: 199]
 The 1^st part is etymologically equal to the preceeding;
 The 2^nd part, to PAlt. *t`a (*t`e) 'that' [EDAL: 1389; ALTET 2286] | PEsk. *tar(u)-, *tam- 'this, right here' [CED: 323 f., 480; ESQET 707; Мудрак 2011: 724]; Al. (Att.) ta-ɣa, ta-x (loc. tuu) 'there' (anaph.) [AD: 380], ta-m(a) 'that; there; as mentioned before' [AD: 387], PAl. *ta-ci-m (with neg.) '(not) yet' [AD: 379], *tata- (< *tat-(ʁ)ta-): *tataam 3^rd p. sg. loc. [AD: 394], ? *t(ɣ)i- stem of pers. pron. [AD: 397] | PUr. *t / *te / *ti 'this' [UEW: 514; URALET 1047], *to 'that' [UEW: 526 f.; URALET 1072] | PYuk. *t-, *tu-vən 'that (visible), this; here; as, as if; same, similar' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^oN^o2411, 2470; JUKAET 610], *titə- 'thus; such (nearer)' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2424; JUKAET 780], *tittəl 'they' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2425; JUKAET 47], *tee 'that (far, but visible)' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2400; JUKAET 954], *ta(a)t- 'yes, so' [JUKAET 781], *-um, *-im 'do sth. as' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2474; JUKAET 797] | PDr. *tn 'he, himself' [DED_2: N^oN^o2092 3196; DRAVET 1507], *t 'they, themselves' [DED_2: N^o3162; DRAVET 1505] | PIE. *to- 'this; that' [WP I: 742 f.; Pokorny: 1086 f.; PIET 3020] | Megr. te-na 'this', ti 'that' (loss of glottal.) < PEurAs. **t`a, **t`e, **t`i 'this', **t`u, **t`o 'that' [ОСНЯ 1: 7; Bomhard 1994: N^o103; ND: N^o2310; NOSTRET 1581; Fortescue 1998: 140, 158; ESQET 707; Мудрак 2011: 724; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.86c].  

 A.9. PKCh. *mi-ke, *mi-ken- 'who' (PChuk. *mik, *mikən- 'who'; PKam. *k'e (*k'ʷe), *k'en- 'who') [Мудрак 2000: 96; KAMET 29; Fortescue 2005: 175; Мудрак 2008: 96]
  Cf. PKCh. *maju  *məja 'where' (loc.) (PChuk. *maʒa  *əmʒa 'where is'; PKam. *mʷa'ъ, *mʷan-  *mi'ъ, *min- 'where') [ЭСЧКЯ: 90 f.; KAMET 6; Мудрак 2008: 121], *m(e)-ine 'which, how (adj.)' (PChuk. *me-ine 'which. how (adj.)'; PKam. *min 'which, how (adj.)') [Мудрак 2000: 92; KAMET 31; Fortescue 2005: 173], *minke 'where (loc.); how (adj.)' [Мудрак 2000: 95; KAMET 32; Fortescue 2005: 176 f.]
 The 1^st part is cognate to PAlt. *mV an interrog. stem [EDAL: ; ALTET 1379] | PUr. *mV 'what; thing' (interrog. and relat. pron.) [UEW: 296; URALET 588] | PYuk. *l-mə-, *n-mə- B 'what?' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1028; JUKAET 450], *me(r) predic. rhemat. part., limit. marker of demon. pron. and quantit. vbs, indef. pron. [Крейнович 1958: 442] | PDr.: Kaikadi mid, Burgendi m 'what' | PIE. *me- 'what' interrog. and relat. pron. [Adams: 451; PIET 2963] (+ Hitt mahhan 'how?', man 'how? as' [Friedrich: 132, 135]) | PKart. (PKZ.) *ma-j, (Svan) *mu 'what?' [Климов 1964: 124; EWK: 226 f.; KARTET 664; Klimov 1998: 112], PZan. *mi-n 'who?' [Климов 1964: 135; EWK: 135; KARTET 1154] < PEurAs. **mi, **ma 'what?' [Долгопольский 1964: 2; ОСНЯ 1: 9; 2: N^o300; Bomhard 1994: N524; ND: N^o1355; NOSTRET 1437; Fortescue 1998: 148, 155; Greenberg 2000: N^o62];
 the 2^nd part is cognate to PAlt. *k`a(j) (-n-) 'who?' interrog. pron. [EDAL: 754; ALTET 959], var. *k`o (PTung. *x-ni 'how?' | Kor. -ko marker of the predicat. gerund [ОСНЯ 1: N^o232]) | PEsk. *qa(v)- interrog. stem: *qav-i 'when? (in past)', *qaku 'when? (in future)', *qav-ci- 'how many? how much?', *qa-nu- 'how?' [CED: 284, 292, 278, 284, 293; ESQET 845; Мудрак 2011: 632 f.]; PAl. *qa-na 'where? which?' (and its deriv.) [AD: 307 f.]; *ki-na (*kiR-kur, *kira-m) 'who' interrog. pron. [CED: 173 f.; ESQET 104; Мудрак 2011: 373 f.]; PAl. *kiin interrog. pron. 'who?' [AD: 239] | PUr. *ku- ( *ko-) 'who? what? which?' [UEW: 191 f.; URALET 375], cf. Finn. -ka / -k relat. part., -ko / -k interrog. part., PUr. *ke (*ki) 'who?' (base of obl. cases?) [UEW: 140 f.; URALET 274] | PYuk. *qadV- 'which? who? why?' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1964; JUKAET 703], *qa-nin, *qa-min 'when?' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1964; JUKAET 279], *qamu- 'how many? how much?' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1992; JUKAET 905], *qɔ-, *qolə- 'where? where by? where to?' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2039], [JUKAET 933], *qoodə- (k-) 'why? which? how? anyhow' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1964; JUKAET 306] | PIE. *kʷi-, *kʷe-, *kʷo-, *kʷu- pron. interrog. 'who; what' [WP I: 514 ff.; Pokorny: 644 ff.; PIET 2940] < PEurAs. **k`a, **k`u  **k`o ( q`-) 'who? when? where? how?' [Долгопольский 1964: 15; ОСНЯ 1: N^o232; Fortescue 1998: 141, 153; ND: N^o981; Bomhard 1994: N^o324; Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1964; Greenberg 2000: N^o60; NIODET 685], PEurAs. **k`i  **k`e ( q`-) 'who?' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o223; Bomhard 1994: N^o324; ND: N^o981; NOSTRET 1369; UEW: 140; Nikolaeva 2006: N^o826; Fortescue 1998: 140, 143, 154; NIODET 685; NIVGET 61; ESQET 104; Мудрак 2011: 632; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.96b].

 A.10. PKCh. *muri_, *murɣə- 'we' 1^st pl. pers. pron. [Мудрак 2000: 97; KAMET 39; Fortescue 2005: 179; Мудрак 2008: 139]
  Cf. PKCh. *ɣъmo, *ɣəmi- 'I' 1^st sg. pers. pron., q.v.

 A.11. PKCh. *'nə-qə  *'əne-qə 'what' (PChuk. *ən, *eq- 'what'; PKam. *'ъnъqa, *'ъnъqa 'what') [KAMET 471]
  Cf. PChuk. *nike 'this (substit.)' [Мудрак 2000: 189; CHUKET 879; Fortescue 2005: 187 (Chuk. + Kam.)] and PChuk. *nikə- 'somebody; that one' (substit., pers.) [Мудрак 2000: 189; CHUKET 897; Fortescue 2005: 187]
 The 1^st part is cognate to || PAlt. *[i]V 'what? who?' interrog. pron. [EDAL: 1034; ALTET 1552] | PEsk. *na-ru, *nat-, *nat-liʁ (-r-l-?) interrog. pron. 'where; which; how' [CED: 204; ESQET 247; Мудрак 2011: 467]; PAl. *[qa]-na- 'which? where?', *[qa]-na-aʁi- 'which one? which side?', *[qa]-na-a- 'how many?' [AD: 307 f.] | PYuk. *lmə-, *nmə- 'what; nothing; where' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1028; JUKAET 450] | PNDr. *n interrog. base [NDRET 643], Br. d(r) 'who?' sg. or pl. | PIE. *an interrog. part. [Fraenkel: 10; PIET 3094] | Laz na, Megr. ni, na- 'which' (relat.) | PKCh. *'nə-qə  *ʔəne-qə interrog. pron. 'what?' diff. in [Мудрак 2000: 129; KAMET 471; Мудрак 2008: 29 f.; Fortescue 2005: 56 f., 399] < PEurAs. **nV  **ʔVnV, **V 'who? what?' (interrog. pron.) [ND: N^oN^o1633, 2616; NOSTRET 1476; NIODET 480, 750; ESQET 719; Mudrak 2008: N^o34; Мудрак 2011: 467; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.98d];
 the 2^nd part is etymologically identical to the 2^ndpart of PKCh. *mi-ke, *mi-ken- 'who', q.v.

 A.12. PKCh. *turi_, *turɣə- 'you' 2^nd p, pl. pron. (PChuk. *turi, *turɣə- 'you'; PKam. *tuza, *ti(ʷ)zɣʷin-, *ti(ʷ)zi- 'you') [KAMET 170], EKam. (Uk) [Klaproth] tu 'you', [Radlinski] tue, [Dall] ta 'thou' [Greenberg 2000: 71 f.]
 | PAlt.: PMong. *‰i 'thou'; PTung. *mi-ti 1^st p. incl. pron. ("I + thou") | PUr. *tE, *t- (obl.) 'thou' [UEW: 539; URALET 1098], *-t 2^nd p. sg. vbal marker | PYuk. *tə(t) 'thou' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2410; JUKAET 318], *-t 2^nd p. sg. poss. marker 'thy', *ti 'you' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2423; JUKAET 841] | PDr. *-ti 2^nd p. sg. vbal marker | PIE. *t (nom.), *te (acc.), *towe (obl.) 'thou' [WP I: 745 f.; Pokorny: 1097; PIET 2949], *-tHa 2^nd p. sg. (du.) pass. vbal marker, *-tHe 2^nd p. pl. (du.) act. vbal marker, cf. (?) *-dhwe- 2^nd p. du. med.-pass. marker | PKart. *(s)tkwen 'you, your' [Климов 1964: 176; EWK: 167] (maybe, *(s)tken, cf. Svan sgj) < PEurAs. **t`u, **t`e  **t`i (-[x]e) 'thou, you' [OСНЯ 1: 6] (PK, PIE, PU, PA, PD + PAA), [IENH: #102] (PIE, PU, PMng, El -t 2^nd p. sg. vb marker, PD, PE + PAA + Sum), [DN 2312, 2312a] (*ṭ[], *ṭ[]ʔa 'thou'), [DMSSN 1582] (*ṭ[u] 2^nd p. pron. 'thou': PK, PIE, PU, PMng, PD), [IECR 1: 71 sq.], [ИАЭ: #17]

 B. Particles, interjections, grammatical markers.

 B.1. PChuk. *ana 'maybe, probably' [CHUKET 1751; sub Fortescue 2005: 21]
 | PIE. *an interrog. part. [Fraenkel: 10; PIET 3094] < ? PEurAs. **ʔan(V) interrog. / conject. part.

 B.2. PChuk. *aaq-la 'quite; any; vainly; though, but' [CHUKET 65] 
 | PAlt. *arV 'or' (PTurk. *aru 'or'; PJap. *ar- 'or; perhaps') [EDAL: 316; ALTET 2774] | Geor. ara 'not' < PEurAs. **ʔarV concess. modal part.

 B.3. PKCh. *'ъkta- 'well! come on! suddenly' (PChuk. *ъkta- 'suddenly; come on!'; PKam. *kat- ( q-) 'come on!') [Мудрак 2000: 181 (Chuk.); KAMET 1136; Fortescue 2005: 152 f.; Мудрак 2008: 90]
 ?s | PAlt. *k`eta 'to overcome; to contend' [EDAL: 784; ALTET 1018] | PIE. *k'ad- 'to be distinguished' [WP I: 340; Pokorny: 516 ff.; PIET 1484] < PEurAs. **k`etV 'to overcome' [NOSTRET 1129].

 B.4. PKCh. *qu-mə 'not, no' (categor. neg.) (PChuk. *qəmə  *əqəm 'not, no' (categor. neg.); PKam. *qʷaʡm, *qʷaʡъm 'not to have; to be unsufficient') [KAMET 276; Fortescue 2005: 243; Мудрак 2008: 161]
  The 2^nd part being PKCh. *'əəme- 'to dive; to wash'? Q.v.
 | PYuk. *qo-də- 'not to want', fut. tense neg. sub [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2039; JUKAET 708] | PIE. *k(ʷ)e part. 'wohl' [WP I: 326; Pokorny: 515 f.; PIET 3058] | Geor. ḳi 'yes' (with neg.) < PEurAs. **k`(w)V  **k`U ( q`-) intens. part., emph. neg. [NIODET 358; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.62].

 Grammatical markers.

 B.5. PChuk. *-ъlʁaʒ coll. suff. (usually, for plant names) [CHUKET 1634]; PKam. *-al coll. suff. [Greenberg 2000: N^o20]
 | PAlt. *-l(a) coll. suff. (PTurk. *-la/ suff. of coll. numer., *-la/-r suff. of pl.; PMong. *-l arch. suff. of pl. (also *-‰u-l); PTung. *-l suff. of pl. of participles and some nouns; PJap. *-ra pl. suff.) [ОСНЯ 2: N^o246] | PAl. *-Vlʁi- / *-aalʁi- suff. 'many' and some other [AD: 482] | PUr. *-la/ coll. suff. | PDr. *-l suff. of pl. | Hitt. N^NUM-li 'containing N size or weight units' [Friedrich 1960: 72] | PKart. *-l marker of pl. (of the nouns ending on V) < PEurAs. **-l(H)V coll. suff. [ОСНЯ 2: N^o246; Greenberg 2000: N^o20].

 C. Natural phenomena, landscape.

 C.1. PKCh. *'ajimъ- 'water; seashore' (PChuk. *aʒmъ- 'to go for water; grassy seashore (waterfence); hole in the ice'; PSKam. *'azъm 'water') [Мудрак 2000: 154 (Chuk.); KAMET 1123; Fortescue 2005: 17; Мудрак 2008: 25 f.]
 | PAlt. *mu 'river; valley' [EDAL: 297; ALTET 71] | PEsk. *ima- < *ema- 'sea, ocean' [CED: 130; ESQET 653; Мудрак 2011: 301 f.] | PSam. *jm 'sea' [Janhunen 1977: 40] | PYuk. *emu-l ( -?) 'island' [sub Nikolaeva 2006: N^o449; JUKAET 265] | PDr. *m- 'water' [DED_2: N^o187; DRAVET 46] < PEurAs. **jamV 'body of water' [МССНЯ: 349; ОСНЯ 1: N^o144; ND: N^o2632; NOSTRET 390].
  Cf. PKCh. *'ъmo- 'deep' (PChuk. *'ъm- " 'deep; high-water; high tide'; PKam. *'aʷm- 'deep') [KAMET 607; Fortescue 2005: 341].

 C.2. PKCh. *'ъɣʷjal 'winter storm, blizzard; to storm (in winter)' (PChuk. *ъɣʒaɫ " 'winter storm, blizzard; to storm (in winter); downwind'; PKam. *xʷijal ( *ɣʷ-) 'winter storm') [Мудрак 2000: 45; KAMET 315; Fortescue 2005: 332; Мудрак 2008: 220]
 | PAlt. *eba (-rV) 'to winnow, fan' (PTurk. *ebis- 'to winnow, fan'; PTung. *ebiri- 'to winnow, fan'; PJap. *apu-, -r-, -(n)k- 'to blow; to fan') [EDAL: 488 f.; ALTET 408] | PIE. *(a)w- (PIH. *H-) 'to blow (of wind)' [WP I: 220 f.; Pokorny: 81 ff.; Tischler: 328 ff.; Adams: 505; PIET 1387] | PDr. *v- 'to breathe; steam' [DED_2: N^o393; DRAVET 115] (or with PAlt. *iabo) < PEurAs. **HewV ( -ɣw-) 'blow (of wind)' [NOSTRET 292].

 C.3. PChuk. *ъkla ( o-) 'sparkle' [CHUKET 2223]
 | PAlt. *k`ila ( -l-) 'hot; ashes' (PMong. *kala- 'to heat'; PTung. *xial- 'coal; black') [EDAL: 796; ALTET 1040] | PDr. *kl- 'to burn' [DED_2: N^o1500; DRAVET 555] | PIE. *k'al(w)e- / -e-, *k(')lw- 'warm; hot' [WP I: 429 f.; Pokorny: 551 f.; PIET 1545] < PEurAs. **k`ila, -a- 'to burn' [МССНЯ: 341; ОСНЯ 1: N^o208; ND: N^o1040; NOSTRET 150].

 C.4. PKCh. *'ъpkъ- 'layer; interlayer' (PChuk. *ъpkъ- 'layer; interlayer'; PKam. *pъk'ъ- 'stratification, stratum') [ЭСЧКЯ: 110; KAMET 754]
 | PDr. *pak- 'scab' [DED_2: N^o3811; DRAVET 1164] | PKZ. *pakl- 'scab, scabies' [EWK: 351 f.; KARTET 760], cf. Geor. pxa 'cuticles' < PEurAs. **pVkV 'scab' [Fhnrich KD: 19; NOSTRET 1484].

 C.5. PChuk. *ъqʒaʒ 'stone fortress; ice barrage' [CHUKET 2055]
 | ? PTurk. *K(i)aja 'rock; mountain; slope' [TURKET 185] (sub PAlt. *kadV 'rock; mountain' [EDAL: 629 f.; ALTET 699]) | PSam. *koəjə 'mountain' < PEurAs. **KVjV ( q`-) 'stone, rock; mountain'.

 C.6. PKCh. *'ъrɣɨlo ( *'ərɣilu) 'ice; sludge' (PChuk. *ъrɣɨl 'silt; first ice on sea; thin sludge'; PKam. *‰ɨxusъʷ-m 'ice') [KAMET 1273]
  Metathesis < *'ъlɣɨro < *'ъlrɨɣo.
 | ?s PAlt. *lurkV ( l-, -iu-, -io-, -o-) 'to burn; warm' (PTung. *lurgi- 'to burn'; PKor. *nok- / *nuk- 'to melt, dissolve; to get warm'; PJap. *nuku- 'warm') [EDAL: 882; ALTET 1321] | PYuk. *jarqa- ( --) B 'to freeze; frozen; ice' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o657; JUKAET 236] < PEurAs. **lurkV 'to freeze; cold' cf. [NIODET 1490; Krougly-Encke 2023.: N^o15b].

 C.7. PChuk. *ъlbal- ( -ɣ-) 'to blow, winnow; to flap, weaver (on wind); to nod; to flatter, wag; flag' [CHUKET 1869]
  Metathesis < *ъblal- ( -ɣ-).
 | Ewk. bol- 'to blow (of wind)' | PIE. *bh[e]le- / *bhl- 'to blow; to inflate' [WP II: 177 f., 189; Pokorny: 120 ff.; PIET 2101] | PKart. *ber- 'to blow, blow up' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o29; KARTET 44] < PEurAs. **bVlHV ( -l-) 'to blow, blow up' [МССНЯ: 340; ОСНЯ 1: N^o29; ND: N^oN^o198, 209; NOSTRET 137].

 C.8. PChuk. *əcɣeʒ 'sand; gravel' [Мудрак 2011: 157; CHUKET 161; Fortescue 2005: 50 f.], PKCh. *['ej]-ə‰ji- 'hillock; wave; bank, embank' (PChuk. *eʒəcɣi- ( a) 'wave, surf'; PKam. *'ej‰i-pi- 'wave; hill; moat, ditch') [KAMET 1129; Мудрак 2008: 46]
  The 2^nd part is PKCh. *'iɦʷ- 'water', q.v.
 | PAlt. *siogu 'shallow; shallow place' [EDAL: 1274; ALTET 2045] | PEsk. *ciʁu-ʁ-, *ciʁ-mi- 'to become covered with dirt, sand, ice' [CED: 85, 87; ESQET 669; Мудрак 2011: 196]; PAl. *cuɣu- 'sand; mud' [AD: 151 f.] | Mord. (E.) ‰ovar, (M.) uwar, uvar 'sand' | PYuk. *soilə (*sil) 'stone; stone (attr.); sand' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2264; JUKAET 148] | PDr. *isuk- 'sand' [DED_2: N^o575; DRAVET 447] < PEurAs. **c`egu ( -ɣ-) 'sand; sand bank' [Fortescue 1998: 136, 152; NIODET 829, 1492; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.22a]. 

 C.9. PKCh. *'əɣʷjil ( -ɨ-) 'dark; shadow' (PChuk. *əɣʒil " 'shadow (contour, not umbrage); reflection (in water); to reflect (shine)'; PKam. *xʷi'li  *xu'li " 'shadow') [Мудрак 2000: 214, Chuk.; KAMET 1029; Мудрак 2008: 221; Fortescue 2005: 333-334]
 | PAlt. *k`olmV 'shadow; cloud' [EDAL: 835; ALTET 1116] | PEsk. *qəmlə-ʁ- ( -lmə-) < *qъmlъ-ʁ- ( -lmъ-) 'to glitter, to shine' [CED: 301; ESQET 940; Мудрак 2011: 645-646] | PSDr. *kal- 'mark; scar' [DED_2: N^o1313; DRAVET 2057] | PIE. *kl- 'dark; black' [PIET 2802], *kal- / -e- 'spot (on the skin)' [PIET 2801] < PEurAs. **k`olV ( q`-) 'dark' [ND: N^o1025; NOSTRET 230].

 C.10. PKCh. *'əja " (-'m) 'fog; cloud' (PChuk. *əʒa " 'fog; cloud'; PKam. *'ieji- (< *'ie-ji ") 'fog; cloud') [Мудрак 2000: 61; KAMET 460]
 | PAlt. *inE(rV) 'evening; dusk' [Mudrak 2008: N^o207; ESQET 644; Мудрак 2011: 291] (amend. by O. Mudrak from *ina (-i) 'dawn, dusk' [EDAL: 586 f.; ALTET 600]) | PEsk. *i(j)ni-(vka-)  *i(v)ni-ka- 'mirage' [CED: 133 f.; ESQET 1426; Мудрак 2011: 291 f.]; PAl. *in-ka- 'sky, heaven; air; cloud' [AD: 202 f.], *ini- 'sky, heaven, air; pl. clouds; ceiling' [AD: 201] | ? PYuk. *niwə- 'cloud; thunder (of a cloud)' [JUKAET 411] (metath.?) | PDr. *vin- 'sky' [DED_2: N^o5396; DRAVET 1806] | PIE. *Ang- 'early' [Fraenkel: 11; PIET 3095] < PEurAs. **ʔijV ( w-) (-rV) 'cloud; dusk; evening' [ND: N^o2501a; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.14b].

 C.11. PKCh. *'əlɦʷel  *'əlelɦʷə 'wind; to blow (wind)' (PChuk. *ъlbal- ( -ɣ-) 'to blow (wind)'; PKam. *-ləʷl(u) 'wind') [KAMET 432; Мудрак 2008: 123]
 | PAlt. *llV 'to run; to ride; to hurry' [EDAL: 886; ALTET 1754] | PFUg. *lewlV 'breath; soul' [UEW: 247 f.; URALET 488] / *lewli 'soul' [Sammallahti 1988: 545] | ?s PYuk. *lolɣa- 'to boil (intr.); to popple; boiled; breaker, surf' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1083; JUKET 219] | PIE. *lelj- 'to swing; to rock to sleep' [sub WP II: 376 f.; Pokorny: 650 f.; PIET 2263] | PKZan. *lal- 'to urge; to drive away' [EWK: 215 f.; KARTET 636] < PEurAs. **leHj/wlV 'to blow (wind); to breathe; to swing; (?) to hurry' [Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA..108].

 C.12. PKCh. *'əmɣə'm " 'wave' (PChuk. *əmɣu- (< *əmɣvə), *məɣ "  *məɣ " 'wave; to wave; edge of wave; wavy'; PKam. *mɣu-mɣʷu-m 'wave') [Мудрак 2000: 94; KAMET 16; Fortescue 2005: 180]
 | ? PDr. *m- 'to wash' [DED_2: N^o4878; DRAVET 86] | PIE. *m- 'to wash; to wet' [WP II: 249 f.; PIET 2884] < PEurAs. **mVɣ(w)V 'water; wet' [МССНЯ: 334; ОСНЯ 2: N^o298; ND: N^o1382; NOSTRET 60].

 C.13. PKCh. *'əle- 'to burn (intr.); dawn' (PChuk. *əl-et- " 'flame; to flame, to burn (intr.);  to smoke (intr.); to burn (tr.); to inflame'; PKam. *'il'i- (lʡ) 'to burn (intr.); dawn') [Мудрак 2000: 102, Chuk. + incorr. Kam.; KAMET 871; Fortescue 2005: 201, Chuk. + incorr. Kam.]
  Hereto *ъlu, *ъl-vaj 'smoke' (PChuk. *ъL ", *ъLъ- 'smoke (also attr.); to smoke (intr.); plume of smoke; to smaell like smoke'; PKam. *a‰ъzu ", *azu-az " 'smoke') [Мудрак 2000: 102; KAMET 59; Fortescue 2005: 201]
 | PAlt. *ile 'red; pink; yellow' [EDAL: 1032; ALTET 1541] | Al. (E) ulʁi-iʁa-iɣa-ʯ 'rainbow' [AD: 435] | PFUg. *walkV 'white; light; to shine' [UEW: 554; URALET 1125] / *wɨlki- 'light' [Sammallahti 1988: 551], *walV 'glitter; to shine' [UEW: 555; URALET 1126] | PDr.*ml- 'to catch fire', caus. *mṭ- 'to kindle' [DED_2: N^o5048; DRAVET 959] | PIE. *wlek- 'to lighten; firy' [WP I: 321; Pokorny: I: 1178] | Megr., Laz. val- 'lighten' < PEurAs. **welI ( -l-) (-k`/q`V) 'light (n.)' [МССНЯ: 363; ND: N^oN^o2483, 2488; NOSTRET 515].
  PDr. *vel- 'white' [DED_2: N^o5496; DRAVET 1770] is rather to PEurAs. **belV 'to shine, glitter'.

 C.14. PKCh. *'əpal 'mountains; ravine' (PChuk. *pal " ( a) 'a high mountain crest (e.g. between Penzha and Alyutor Districts); circle of stones, layed out around the dead'; PKam. *'əpil-ip 'ravine') [KAMET 1266]
 | PIE. *pels- 'rock, cliff' [WP II: 66 f.; Pokorny: 807; PIET 906] < PEurAs. **pVlV ( p`-, -l-) 'rock; cliff' [Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.81].

 C.15. PKCh. *'əpɣʷə-'əpɣə- 'to boil (tr., intr.)' (PChuk. *əpɣ-əpɣ-et-, *əpɣ-əpɣ-et- 'to boil (intr.)'; PKam. *p'aɣu-p'a 'to boil (tr.)') [Мудрак 2000: 163, Chuk.; KAMET 613; Fortescue 2005: 220, 347 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.)]
 | PAlt. *p`uje 'to whirl; to boil' (PTurk. *jk 'quicksand; to sink'; PMong. *hujil- 'whirlpool'; PTung. *puju- 'to boil') [EDAL: 1179; ALTET 1848] | PUr. *peje- 'to cook, to boil' [UEW: 368; URALET 745] / *pexi- [Janhunen 1981: 92; Sammallahti 1988: 539] | PIE. *sp- (-ph-) 'to ripen, flourish, prosper' [WP II: 656 ff.; Pokorny: 983 f.; PIET 2596] | PKart. *pu- 'to swell, leaven, rise (of dough)' [Климов 1964: 192; EWK: 361; KARTET 797] (contam. with PEurAs. **puwV 'to blow, swell', q.v.) < PEurAs. **p`uɣe, -e- 'to boil, ripen, smoke' [MССНЯ: 343 f.; Fortescue 1998: 134, 145, 150, 156; ND: N^o1838; NOSTRET 193].

 C.16. PKCh. *'əpnu- 'hill; foothills' (PChuk. *ъpo-tkъn 'source of the river, upper river'; PKam. *pinuzi 'hill, hillock') [KAMET 1135; Мудрак 2008: 128]
 | PTung. *bogo- 'first; main' [Цинциус 1: 94], cf. *bua- 'lump' [Цинциус 1: 110 c.] | ? PEsk. *pəu < *pъo  *pəu 'hill; swelling' [CED: 255; ESQET 506; Мудрак 2011: 551] | PFUg. *puka (*poka) 'tuber, boil, unevenness' [UEW: 404; URALET 827] (+ Selk.) | PYuk. *pukə- '(large) bump; hill, mound' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1948; JUKAET 565], *ponni- 'to swell' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1869; JUKAET 869] | PDr. *po- 'to swell' [DED_2: N^o4469; DRAVET 1336] | PIE. *bheng'h- 'thick' [WP II: 151; Pokorny:: 127 f.; PIET 116] < PEurAs. **bU(g)V 'thick; to swell; swelling; hill' [МССНЯ: 333; ОСНЯ 1: N^o17; ND: N^o217; NOSTRET 49].

 C.17. PKCh. *'əqəqe-mlə- 'brook; pool, puddle' (PChuk. *'əqqe-mlə 'well; puddle'; PKam. *q-enli-, *qʷɨqъ-mli- 'brook; dirt; slush') [Мудрак 2000: 117; KAMET 619] (the 2^rd part is *'imlə-, *mi'mlə- 'water', q.v.)
 | PAlt. *iak`i ( -k-) 'liquid; flow' [EDAL: 598; ALTET 620] | PIn. *əqa-ʁ- 'wash' [CED: 141; INUPET 1726; Мудрак 2011: 974 f.] | PUr. *joke 'river' [UEW: 99; URALET 188] / *juka- [Janhunen 1977: 15; Sammallahti 1988: 537] | PSDr. *k- 'swamp; flat land' [DED_2: N^o336; SDRET 304] | PIE. *akʷ- (PIH. *a-)'water (flowing)' [WP I: 34 f.; Buck: 29, 35, 42; Pokorny: 23; PIET 40] < PEurAs. **ʔak`wi ( -q`-) 'water' [Долгопольский 1964: 8; МССНЯ: 334, 347; ОСНЯ 1: N^o139; ND: N^o123; NOSTRET 61; Greenberg 2002: N^o413; Мудрак 2011: 974 c.; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.19]. 

 C.18. PKCh. *'ətɦə- 'to pour (liquid or fine substance)' (PChuk. *ətʁə- 'to pour (liquid or fine substance) (tr., intr.); fluid'; PKam. *taʷhъ-taʷh ", *tъhъ- 'snowfall') [KAMET 137; Fortescue 2005: 301 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.)], cf. PKam. *tha-li- 'to get wet; to snow' [ITELET 137]
 | PIE. *t- 'to melt' [WP I: 701 ff.; Pokorny: 1053 f.; PIET 1777] < PEurAs. **t`VHV 'to melt; to pour'.

 C.19. PKCh. *'əte- 'light (n.); to dawn' (PChuk. *əte- 'to dawn, to rise (of sun); dawn peak; dawn, dawning'; PKam. *'a(ʷ)txɨ-, *'ъtx-ъtɨx, *'ъtɨx-sъ- 'dawn; light (of sky)') [Мудрак 2000: 35 (conf.); KAMET 646; Fortescue 2005: 299 f. (Chuk. conf. + incorr. Kam.)]
 | PJap. *tiantaN 'sun' (< PAlt. *tiant`V 'sun'? [ALTET 2641]) | PIE. *dey-, *dei-n- 'day' [WP I: 772 f.; PIET 184] | PKart. *te- 'eye; light' [Климов 1964: 91, 260; EWK: 145, 160; KARTET 1045; Klimov 1998: 67], *ten- 'to get bright' [Климов 1964: 92; EWK: 159 f.; KARTET 1048; Klimov 1998: 68] < PEurAs. **tI (-V) 'light (n.); day' [NOSTRET 358].

 C.20. PKCh. *(')ɦano- 'winter; become hoary with frost' (PChuk. *ʁano-ʒpъ- 'to cover with frost; chin rest against frosting the clothes'; PKam. *hʷan-kɨ, *qʷan-kɨ 'winter') [Мудрак 2000: 47 f.; KAMET 705; Fortescue 2005: 400 (Kam.); Мудрак 2008: 162 f.]
 | PAlt. *k`iojo 'cold' [EDAL: 803; ALTET 1054], cf. PAlt. *k`ugo ( -o-) (-rV) 'freeze; snow' [EDAL: 854; ALTET 1146] | PEsk. *kanəʁ 'frost, hoar-frost' [CED: 156; ESQET 34; Мудрак 2011: 342], cf. PEsk. *qəaʁr[u]- 'snow-drift' [CED: 267; ESQET 648; Мудрак 2011: 649] | PUr. *konta 'frost, cold' [UEW: 176 f.; URALET 349], cf. PSam. *k[ɨ]nV 'frost' | PYuk. *qa(n)ʒə- 'cold (adj.); cool down; cold, frost, winter' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2000; JUKAET 297], *qan-qa- 'cooled down' [sub Nikolaev 2006: N^o2000; sub JUKAET 297] | PIE. *k'ejə- 'freeze; cold' [Mayrhofer 3: 383; PIET 3208] | PGon. *kin- 'cold' [DED_2: N^o1601; GONET 485] | PKart. *in- 'cold; freeze; make cold' [Климов 1964: 212; EWK: 416; KARTET 876] < PEurAs. **q`ij(H)V, -o-, -a- 'freeze; cold' [МССНЯ: 371; UEW: 177; Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2000; Fortescue 1998: 140, 135, 153; Bomhard 1996: N^o629; Greenberg 2002: N^o354; ND: N^o1908; NOSTRET 597; NIODET 356; Мудрак 2011: 127, 342; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.15a].

 C.21. PKCh. *'iɦʷ 'water' (PChuk. *iɣ-: *iɣ-ʁici-, *iɣ-ini- 'water: to drink (water); to wet the runners withe water; to hunt on the sea'; PKam. *'i'hъ 'water') [Мудрак 2000: 51, 56 f., 173; KAMET 666; Fortescue 2005: 105 f., 106]
 | PFUg. *ua 'stream; to flow' [UEW: 544 f.; URALET 1107] / *uwa [Sammallahti 1988: 542] | PIE. *aw[e]- (PIH. *H-) 'water (flowing)' [WP I: 268 f.; Buck: 37, 45; PIET 1207] | PYuk. *eji- 'to rain; to splash of water' [sub Nikolaeva 2006: N^o417; JUKAET 832] < PEurAs. **ʔiHwV  **HVwV 'flowing water, stream; flow' [Collinder 1955: 125; МССНЯ: 334; ОСНЯ 1: N^o119; ND: N^oN^o794, 2611; NOSTRET 62; NIODET 1630; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^o94b]. 

 C.22. PKCh. *'imlə-, *mi'mlə- 'liquid; water' (PChuk. *mimɫə, *imɫə-, *-imɫə 'water; to overflow, fill with water'; PKam. *'imli-, *mili- 'to drink (some drink)' [Мудрак 2000: 55; KAMET 655; Fortescue 2005: 99]
 | PAlt. *emV ( *emi) 'to suck' [EDAL: 505 f.; ALTET 2651] | PUr. *ime 'to suck' [UEW: 82; URALET 150] < PEurAs. **ʔImV 'to suck' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o109; ND: N^o134; NOSTRET 626; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.23a].

 C.23. PKCh. *jun- 'fire; spark' (PChuk. *ʒъn ", *ʒun- 'fire; heat'; PKam. *sun- 'to sparkle, glisten') [Мудрак 2000: 62; KAMET 425; Fortescue 2005: 121]
 | PEsk. *əknə- 'fire' [CED: 101; ESQET 581; Мудрак 2011: 233] | PFUg. *V- 'fire; burn' [UEW: 26; URALET 45] | PIE. *ngn-i- 'fire' [WP I: 323; Pokorny: 293; PIET 1256] < PEurAs. **HV(k)V (-nV) ( j-) 'fire; burn' [МССНЯ: 352; ОСНЯ 1: N^o106; ND: N^o814; NOSTRET 302; KAMET 425; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.28a]. 

 C.24. PKCh. *qъr'mъ 'sandbank' (PChuk. *qъRRъ " (< *-rb-?) 'cape; sandspit (on river)'; PKam. *k'izu-m, *k'izwɨ- 'sandbank') [KAMET 270]
  Metathesis < *qъm'rъ?
 | PAlt. *kiumo 'sand; dust' [EDAL: 705; ALTET 848] | PEsk. *qəmi- (-Гruɣ) 'hill, hillock; ridge' [CED: 296 f.; ESQET 922; Мудрак 2011: 643 c.] | PUr. *kumV 'thin snow' [UEW: 204; URALET 400] / PFUg. *kumi 'rim, frost' [Sammallahti 1988: 544]; PSam. *kə^mə^- 'thin snow' | PSDr. *Kum(b)- 'mud; stench' [DED_2: N^o1748; SDRET 1523] < PEurAs. **kimwV  **kumi 'sand; > thin snow' [МССНЯ: 362; ND: N^o1066a; NOSTRET 511; UEW: 204; NIVGET 894; Мудрак 2011: 644; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.70]. 

 C.25. PChuk. *qeli " ( a) 'the cloud (covering mountain)' [CHUKET 2160], cf. PChuk. *qɨl- 'glitter' [CHUKET 2079]
 | PAlt. *gile ( -i, -o) 'shine, glitter' [EDAL: 544 f.; ALTET 510] | ? PEsk. *qilaɣ (-ɫuɣ) 'sky; cloud' [CED: 304; ESQET 550; Мудрак 2011: 659]; PAl. *qila- 'morning; dawn' [AD: 322] (can be to other Alt. etyma) | PFenn. *klV- 'shine' | PDr. *kil- 'rust; verdigris' [DED_2: N^o1586; DRAVET 594] | PIE. *g'hel[o]-, *g'hlw- 'shine; shimmer; green' [WP I: 523 f., 622 f.; Pokorny: 429 ff.; PIET 372] < PEurAs. **gilH(w)V 'glitter; > bright colour' [Долгопольский 1964: 18; МССНЯ: 330; ОСНЯ 1: N^o84 (v. infra); ND: N^o624; NOSTRET 9; NIODET 690; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.35a].

 C.26. PKCh. *təqi- 'to shine, glitter' (PChuk. *ətqi-Lɣər(r)ə- ( i) 'to shine, glitter; brilliant'; PKam. *tiqi- ( -k-) 'to shine, glitter') [KAMET 740; Fortescue 2005: 301; Мудрак 2008: 205]
 | ? PGerm. *daga-z, *dga-, *dgi-z, *dgin- 'day' [GERMET 157] (if not b substr.?) < ? PEurAs. **dVKV 'to shine; day' [Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.60b].

 D. Celestial bodies.

 D.1. PKCh. *'eer('mə) 'star' (PChuk. *eer(ʒə) ( a) 'star'; PKam. *'eeʷzi-  *'eezi-, *'ezei- 'star') [Мудрак 2000: 29; KAMET 588; Fortescue 2005: 35 f.; Мудрак 2008: 49]
 | PAlt. *ra 'day; sun; light' [EDAL: 1028 f.; ALTET 1439] | PAl. *aali- 'daylight; lightl day; to be day; to pass the day (doing so and so), to be (so and so) during the day' [AD: 86 f.] | PDr. *n-r- 'time; sun' [DED_2: N^o3774; DRAVET 1017], PNDr. *nar- 'flame' [DED_2: N^o2929; NDRET 524] < PEurAs. **erV 'light, daylight' [МССНЯ: 337, 339, 364 (2 roots); ОСНЯ 2: N^o320; ND: N^oN^o1561, 1645; NOSTRET 109; NIODET 670].

 D.2. PKCh. *['əjɦə]-i_lə-n ( -i_lɣə-n) 'moon' (PChuk. *əʒʁ-iɫɣə-n 'moon'; PKam. *je'ъlɨn ( -lɣɨn) 'moon') [Мудрак 2000: 60; KAMET 998; Fortescue 2005: 124; Мудрак 2008: 86]
  The 1^st part is PKCh. *'əjɦə ( *jəɦə) 'cloud, storm cloud', q.v.
 | PAlt. *luu ( l-, -o-, -i) 'morning or evening dawn' [EDAL: 881 f.; ALTET 1230] | PEsk. *nuəru- ( ni-) 'moon; star; light not bright' [CED: 133, 137; ESQET 428; Мудрак 2011: 495] | PFP. *lowna 'day; midday' [UEW: 693; URALET 1408; Sammallahti 1988: 552] < PEurAs. **lUV ( l-) 'easy skylight' [NIODET 1342; GLOBET 1738; Мудрак 2011: 495; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.54b].

 D.3. PKCh. *ɦulɦ(ʷ)a- 'sun' (PChuk. *ʁъlʁa " 'sun'; PKam. *(k)ul'ʷa‰ 'sun') [Мудрак 2000: 81; KAMET 602; Fortescue 2005: 393 f. (Kam.); Мудрак 2008: 116]
  Cf. PKCh. *aɦʷilma- 'spark; (kindling) flint, steel' (PChuk. *aɣilma-q '(moss) wick; tinder; (rifle) steel'; PKam. *'e‰'eme- ( *'el'eme-) (lʡ) 'spark; lightning') [KAMET 558; Мудрак 2008: 46] (can be b Niv.)
 | Ewk. iln 'moon' | PUr. *jel 'light; sun; day' [UEW: 96; URALET 182] | ? PYuk. *j-lo~o~-ʒə 'sun' [sub Nikolaeva 2006: N^o671; JUKAET 677] (if syncopated < *jlo-lo~o~ʒə,) | PSDr. *el- 'light; to shine' [DED_2: N^o829; SDRET 734] | ?s PIE. *l- 'to burn (tr.)' [WP I: 88; Pokorny: 28; PIET 1303] | PK *(h)el- 'flame, lightning' [Климов 1964: 78 c.; EWK: 131] < PEurAs. **HelV 'to shine' [Долгопольский 1964: 9; OСНЯ 1: N^o140; Bomhard 1994: N^oN^o450, 457; ND: N^oN^o127, 768, 768a, 2630; NOSTRET 514; Fortescue 1998: 153].

 D.4. PKCh *tirqə-n 'luminary' (PChuk. *tikə-n 'sun'; PKam. *tɨsɣi-n 'moon') [Мудрак 2000: 143; KAMET 166; Fortescue 2005: 285]
 | PAlt. *t`iolgu 'moon' [EDAL: 1425; ALTET 2394] | PAl. *tuɣi-a- 'moon' [AD: 402 f.] | PEsk. *taRqi- < *taRqe- 'moon; bright'  [CED: 330; ESQET 631; Мудрак 2011: 722 f.] | PFP. *t[]lVcV 'moon' | PSDr. *tial 'moon' [DED_2: N^o3213; SDRET 1550] | PIE. *dAng(')h-l- 'star' (PGerm. *tungl-a- n., *tungl-(n-) f., *tungl-an- n.) < PEurAs. **t`egV (-lV, -r/rV) 'moon' [Терентьев 1991: 112; Круглый-Энке 2000: N^o2.1; NOSTRET 275; ESQET 631; KAMET 166; Мудрак 2011: 722].

 E. Time and space.

 E.1. PKCh. *'ajɣʷə 'windward side' (PChuk. *aʒɣə- " 'penetrating; smell down the wind; windward side: West (on the Arctic Coast), North (on the Pacific Coast)'; PKam. *'ajwa 'North') [Мудрак 2000: 154 (Chuk.); KAMET 1199; Fortescue 2005: 18 (Chuk., diff. Kam.)]
 | PAlt. *ara 'back; behind' [EDAL: 311 f.; ALTET 48] | PEsk. *arɣu- < *rɣu- 'windward side, to be opposite' [CED: 4 f.; ESQET 1579; Мудрак 2011: 149] | PSDr. *ar-ai 'waist; loins' [DED_2:N^o208; DRAVET 208] | PIE. *ors- (PIH. *o-) 'buttock; anus' [WP I: 138; Pokorny: 340; PIET 235; Tischler: 51 f.] < PEurAs. **ʔarV 'back' [ND: N^o145; NOSTRET 1213; Мудрак 2011: 149].

 E.2. PChuk. *aʒɣɨ 'yesterday; before; ago, lately, recently; evening; dusk (vb.)' [CHUKET 31]
 | PFUg. *eje (*je) 'night' [UEW: 132; URALET 132] / *ji [Sammallahti 1988: 542] | PIE. *aw- 'pass the night' [WP I: 19; PIET 1262] < PEurAs. **ʔajwV 'evening; night' [ND: N^oN^o65, 157, 1650; sub NOSTRET 725].
  Different root in PEurAs. **wVHjV 'get tired; rest; sleep' [ND: N^oN^o157, 1650; NOSTRET 725].

 E.3. PChuk. *aʒo- 'long ago, once ago, before; of last year; before, recently' [CHUKET 1730; Fortescue 2005: 18]
 | PIE. *Ang- 'early' [Fraenkel: 11; diff. in Pokorny; PIET 3095] < PEurAs. **ʔangV 'early'.

 E.4. PChuk. *anъ- 'in, inside; to sink to the underworld (of shamans); core, interior' [Мудрак 2000: 155; CHUKET 79; Fortescue 2005: 22]
 | PAlt. *na(kV) 'middle; width' [EDAL: 507; ALTET 461] | PFUg. *En 'place' [UEW: 592; URALET 1198] | PIE. *en 'in' prep. / adv. [WP I: 125 f.; Tischler: 33 f.; PIET 3045], *(e)nero- 'inner', *enter, *nter 'between inside', *entero- 'inner', *entos '(from) inner' and *ent-er- 'intestines, entrails' [WP I: 125 ff., II: 335 f.; Pokorny: 311 ff.; PIET 226] < PEurAs. **ʔe(j)nV 'in; inside' [ND: N^o46; NOSTRET 1195].

 E.5. PKCh. *'ano- 'spring (season)' (PChuk. *ano-n " 'spring'; PKam. 'aʷn'o- 'spring') [Мудрак 2000: 22; KAMET 560; Fortescue 2005: 21 f.]
 | PAlt. *nu 'moon; (moon cycle), year' [EDAL: 303; ALTET 78] (O. MUDRAK suggests *nK/u [Мудрак 2011: 126]) | PEsk. *ania- < *anea- 'moon, new moon' (> PIn. *ania(a-) < *anea(a-) A) [CED: 28; ESQET 1588; Мудрак 2011: 126] | PDr. *jnd- 'year' [DED_2: N^o5153; DRAVET 464] < PEurAs. **ʔanV 'moon cycle, year' [NOSTRET 651; ESQET 1588; NIODET 759; Mudrak 2008: N^o21; Мудрак 2011: 126; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.110].

 E.6. PKCh. *'ъɨ  *'ъnɨ 'South; warm wind' (PChuk. *ɨɨ, *'ъɨ 'fowl weather; warm wind (only in winter); East wind'; PSKam. *i-  *ni- 'South; South wind') [KAMET 974; Fortescue 2005: 346 (Chuk.); Мудрак 2008: 149]
 | PAlt. *neni 'East or South (wind); warm season' (PMong. *eɣ-n 'East; left'; PTung. *nene 'spring (season)'; PJap. *minami 'South; South wind', cf. *minki 'right') [EDAL: 1008; ALTET 1433] | PDr. *nind_- 'day' [DED_2: N^o2920; DRAVET 1078] < PEurAs. **nenV 'midday; South' [NOSTRET 1054].

 E.7. PKCh. *'ъtmъl-  *'ə‰məe- 'near (adj., adv.)' (PChuk. *ъtmъɫ-, *-tъmɫъ-, *cəmce- (< *təmɫe-), *-tmə-n 'to move up close, approach; near (adj.); nearer; the place near'; PKam. *tɨmal, *timel- 'near (adj., adv.)') [Мудрак 2000: 139; KAMET 135; Fortescue 2005: 298]
  Following O. Mudrak [KAMET 135], can present a contamination of two roots,
 the 1^st being akin to PAlt. *t`amu 'to put into; together' (PMong. *tama- / *tem- 'to gather, collect'; PTung. *tama- 'to gather, collect'; PKor. *tm- 'to put (into a dish, etc.)'; PJap. *tum- 'to put into, onto') [EDAL: 1399; ALTET 2303] | PFUg. *temV 'full; to fill, stuff' [UEW: 520; URALET 1060] | PYuk. *oto(m)- 'to close; shut; cramped, narrow, tight; to crowd' [JUKAET 459], cf. [NIODET 1251] | PSDr. *tumb- 'crowd; abundant; full' [DED_2: N^o3331' DRAVET 1604] | ? Geor. -tamam- 'be bold; flourish well' < PEurAs. **t`amV 'fill; stuff' [ND: N^o2277; NOSTRET 844; NIODET 1251].
 the 2^nd, to PAlt. *‰`omu ( -io-) 'to cram, stop up' (PKor. *‰am-, *‰am- 'to be closed, to shut; to hide; to submerge'; PJap. *tum- 'to be crammed; to cram') [EDAL: 452; ALTET 2698] < PEurAs. **‰`omV 'to cram; to be cramed'.

 E.8. PKCh. *'əɣʷlə- 'on the shore, to the shore' (PChuk. *əɣlə- (-ъ) ( b) 'on the shore, to the shore; to rush to the shore (from seaside); to nomadize often; to move from the seashore to the tundra'; PSKam. *wana- (< *wala-) 'on the other riverside; in front of the river') [KAMET 954]
 ?f | PUr. *kaLa 'mountain' [UEW: 115; URALET 222] | PDr. *kal_- 'stone' [DED_2: N^o1298; DRAVET 488] | PIE. *k'al- 'stone, rock' [WP I: 454 f.; Pokorny: 541-542; PIET 1564] | PKart. *ḳl- 'rock' [ЭСКЯ: 113; EWK: 205; KARTET 574] / *ḳlde- [Klimov 1998: 97] < PEurAs. **k`aLV 'stone; rock' [ND: N^o1044; NOSTRET 272].

 E.9. PKCh. *'ənkə- 'now; then' (PChuk. *'ənkə (-ʒep) 'long ago; then; after; afterwords'; PKam. *'ənki 'now') [Мудрак 2000: 33 f.; KAMET 730; Fortescue 2005: 344]
 | PTung. *n 'at once, today' [Цинциус 1: 614] | PFUg. *nke 'now' [SKES] | PEsk. *nu-ta- < *no-ta- 'new; young' [CED: 242; ESQET 43; Мудрак 2011: 497] | PIE. *n 'now' [WP II: 340; Pokorny: 770; PIET 819] < PEurAs. **nu, **ne 'now; new' [ND: N^oN^o1537, 1541; NOSTRET 572; NIVGET 2020].

 E.10. PKCh. *'əpə 'vertical, steep; upright' (PChuk. *'əpə- 'steep, sheer; steep river bank, brae'; PKam. *-ɨp 'vertical; upright') [Мудрак 2000: 163; KAMET 1050; Fortescue 2005: 347, Chuk.; Мудрак 2008: 84]
 | PAlt. *p`V 'hill; heap of stones' [EDAL: 1059; ALTET 1602] < PEurAs. **ʔop`V 'hill'.

 E.11. PKCh. *'unki 'night' (PChuk. *ənki " 'night'; PKam. *('iʷn)kʷ-inkʷi ", *'nikʷi- 'night') [Мудрак 2000: 98; KAMET 47; Fortescue 2005: 189; Мудрак 2008: 71 cc.]
 | PEsk. *unuɣ ( -n-) 'night; evening; to become night' [CED: 373; ESQET 644; Мудрак 2011: 804] (*unur (-a) ( -n-)); PAl. *unuɣ-ul (-Vɣ) 'a long time ago' (< 'not tonight') [AD: 445] | PFS. *nukkV- ( n-) 'to sleep' | PIE. *nogh- (PIH. *noghu-) 'to get dark; to fall (of night)', *nok-t- (PIH. *noghu-t-) 'night' [WP II: 337 f.; Pokorny: 762; PIET 815] < PEurAs. **nugV  **ʔungV ( -k`-) 'to get dark; night' [Bengtson 1989: 37; ND: N^o1540; NOSTRET 1466; Greenberg 2002: N^o278; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.60a].

 F. Animals, parts of animals.

 F.1. PKCh. *'a‰ɨɦʷjə 'a small bird; green-winged (common) teal (чирок-свистунок) Anas crecca L.' (PChuk. *a‰ɨɣʒə- 'green-winged teal; masked duck (масковая савка) Oxyura dominica L.; long-tailed duck, oldsquaw (морянка) Clangula hyemalis L.; common [European] pochard Anas ferina L. or red-crested pochard, rufous-crested duck Netta rufina Pallas (нырок)'; PKam. *‰'iɣ‰ax 'a small bird') [Мудрак 2000: 154 (Chuk.); KAMET 787]
 | PAlt. *siuga 'a k. of bird' [EDAL: 1288; ALTET 2070], cf. MKor. soiroki 'a k. of bird' | PEsk. *caɣi- < *cɣi- 'plover; sandpiper' [CED: 62 f.; ESQET 1468; Мудрак 2011: 166 f.] | PYuk. *-cigee 'Baikal teal Anas formosa Georgi; pochard' [sub Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1817; JUKAET 1705] | ? PTel. *gi- 'the weaver bird Baya ploceus baya' [DED_2: N^o1608; TELET 798] (metath.?) | PSl. *‰egъlъ/ь '(Eurasian, European) goldfinch Carduelis carduelis L.' [Фасмер 4: 498] < PEurAs. **cigV 'a k. of small bird' [Мудрак 2011: 167].

 F.2. PKCh. *'alɦɨ_qo 'aquatic bird' (PChuk. *aɫʁɨqV 'green-winged (common) teal (чирок-свистунок) Anas crecca L.'; masked duck (масковая савка) Oxyura dominica L.; long-tailed duck, oldsquaw (морянка) Clangula hyemalis L.; common [European] pochard Anas ferina L. or red-crested pochard, rufous-crested duck Netta rufina Pallas (нырок)'; PKam. *‰'aqa‰ 'seagull (a k. of)') [KAMET 1099; Мудрак 2008: 36]
 | PAlt. *lak`[a] 'a k. of bird' [EDAL: 862 f.; ALTET 1394] | PEsk. *alɣə-  *aɣlə- < *lɣə-  *ɣlə- 'eider, long-tailed duck, oldsquaw' [CED: 21, 43; ESQET 1640; Мудрак 2011: 105] | PIE. *el- 'a k. of bird (swan)' [WP I: 155; PIET 1145] < PEurAs. **ʔal(H)V (-k`/q`V) 'aquatic bird' [Мудрак 2011: 105].

 F.3. PChuk. *(ʁ)alpiʒ " 'plaice, flounder' [Мудрак 2000: 167; CHUKET 26; Fortescue 2005: 20]
 | PAlt. *p`la 'field; level ground' [EDAL: 1120 f.; ALTET 1723] | PFUg. *plV 'board' [UEW: 364; URALET 735] | PDr. *pal- 'plain; valley' [DED_2: N^o4016; DRAVET 1168] | PIE. *pAl[a]-, *pl- (PIH. *pAlH[a]-) 'broad; flat; plain' [WP II: 90 f., 99 f.; Pokorny: 833 f.; Adams: 423, 427' Friedrich: 156; PIET 944], *pel- 'field; plain' [WP II: 61 ff.; Pokorny: 805 ff.; PIET 903] | PKZ. *ṗrṭel- 'flat' [EWK: 62 f.; KARTET 814; Klimov 1998: 151] < PEurAs. **p`alHV 'flat; level' [МССНЯ: 372; ND: N^o1689, 1708, 1719; NOSTRET 239].

 F.4. PChuk. *amto- ( -m-, e, a) 'shell; empty shell' [CHUKET 2343]
 | ? PIE. *ms- 'shell-fish' [WP II: 251 f.; PIET 2150] < PEurAs. **muSV  **ʔamSV 'shell'.
 NB. Alternatively, cf. PDr. *d- 'shell; tile' [DED_2: N^o1042; DRAVET 1129].

 F.5. PChuk. *ъɣtɨ " 'Siberian marmot Marmota sibirica Radde; grey (of dog)' [Мудрак 2000: 215; CHUKET 1429; Fortescue 2005: 337]
 | PAlt. *odu 'a k. of small wild animal' [EDAL: 1054; ALTET 1575] | PIE. *udr- 'otter' [WP I: 252 f.; PIET 1205] < PEurAs. **wo()TV 'a k. of animal' [NOSTRET 1128].

 F.6. PKCh. *‰amɨ-KV- 'little mouse; lemming' (PChuk. *camъq 'tarbagan Marmota sibirica Rudde'; PKam. *‰'ɨmъ- (-k'ъ-) 'little mouse') [KAMET 173]
 | PAlt. *‰`mro 'a k. of small animal' (PTurk. *‰rba- (*‰rma-) 'squirrel; sable; marten'; PMong. *‰indaga 'white hare'; PTung. *‰amduk- 'mouse; tarbagan') [EDAL: 415 f.; ALTET 280] | PYuk. *camək 'lemming' [JUKAET 1133] | PDr. *cund- 'mouse; rat' [DED_2: N^o2661; DRAVET 198] < PEurAs. **‰VmV ( c`-, c`-) 'a k. of small animal' [ND: N^o305; NOSTRET 663; NIODET 74].

 F.7. PKCh. *'əɣurə-nik 'wild beast' (PChuk. *ɣərnik 'wild beast; to hunt'; PKam. *'iɣʷirnik 'wild beast') [Мудрак 2000: 166: Chuk.; KAMET 502; Fortescue 2005: 90-91]
  The 2^nd part is PChuk. *nike 'something; this, something (substit.)' [CHUKET 879], but this is maybe a folk etymology.
 | PAlt. *guri ( -o-, -r-, -e) (-nV) 'deer; game' [EDAL: 574 f.; ALTET 572] | PUr. *koj(e)-ra 'male (dog, deer)' [UEW: 168] / *kojra [URALET 336] | PDr. *gor_- 'deer' [DED_2: N^o2165; DRAVET 391], cf. PDr. *kur- 'antelope; deer' [DED_2: N^o1785; DRAVET 691] | PIE. *g'hwr- 'wild beast' [WP I: 642-643; Buck: 137; Adams: 633 f.; PIET 399] < PEurAs. **guri ( -r-) 'wild beast (male)' [МССНЯ: 330; ОСНЯ 1: 93; ND: N^oN^o663, 672; NOSTRET 1].

 F.8. PKCh. *'əka_v 'arctic [American] greyling Thymallus arcticus Pallas; coho [silver] salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum' (PChuk. *əkcab 'arctic [American] greyling'; PKam. *kisu-ɣus " 'k. of salmon Salmonidae sp.') [Мудрак 2000: 71; KAMET 233; Fortescue 2005: 132, Chuk.]
 | PAlt. *k`ula 'k. of big fish' (PMong. *kalimu 'whale'; PTung. *xol-sa 'fish; boiled fish'; PJap. *kara- 'plaice') [EDAL: 848; ALTET 1042] | PAl. *kula-maɣ 'Pacific right whale Balaena glacialis = ? [Atlantic, black] right whale Eubalaena glacialis Mller, and/or bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus L.' [AD: 247] (*-maɣ- 'big N, real N; to V greatly' [AD: 528 f.]) | / *kala [Janhunen 1977: 8; Sammallahti 1988: 538] | PSDr. *kol- '(a k. of) fish' [DED_2: N^o2139; SDRET 1849], cf. PSDr. *kl- 'a k. of fish' [DED_2: N^o2241; SDRET 1929] | PIE *(s)kʷal- '(k. of) big fish, whale' [WP II: 541; Pokorny: 958; PIET 1050] | ? PKam. *ḳʷilx-in 'a k. of fish' [ITELET 1325; Мудрак 2008: 105] (b Wak.?) < PEurAs. **k`ulV ( q`-) 'k. of big fish; whale' [МССНЯ: 362; ОСНЯ 1: N^o155; Bomhard 1994: N^o330; Dolgopolsky 1998: N^o73; 2004: N^o14; ND: N^o1030; NIODET 1394; Krougly-Encke 2008: N^o1.3].

 F.9. PKCh. *'əlɦʷe 'wild reindeer' (PChuk. *'əLɣe " 'wild reindeer'; PKam. *'lɣʷə-lɣʷi " 'wils reindeer') [Мудрак 2000: 32; KAMET 625; Fortescue 2005: 340 f.]
 | PAlt. *elV(-k`V) 'deer' (PTurk. *elik 'roebuck, wild goat'; PMong *ili 'new-born deer'; PTung. *(x)elkn 'wild deer; domestic deer') [EDAL: 501; ALTET 425] | PFV. *ltV 'female animal: female deer, horse' [UEW: 609; URALET 1209] | ? PYuk. *ilvə- O 'reindeer; to graze reindeers; elk' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o566; JUKAET 145] (b Chuk.?) | Malto ilaru 'the mouse deer' (if not metath. < *iral-) [DED_2: N^o476; NDRET 298] | PIE. *el[a]n-, *ln- (PIH. *e-) 'deer' [WP I: 154 f.; Adams: 485; PIET 1132], *alk'- / *elk'- 'elk' [WP I: 151 f., 154 f.; sub Pokorny: 302 ff.; PIET 1131] | Svan ilw, dial. il, hil 'roe' < PEurAs. **ʔelV ( -k`/q`-, -ɣw-) 'deer' [ОСНЯ 1: 272 f.; Nikolaeva 2006: N^o566; ND: N^o26; NOSTRET 628].

 F.10. PKCh. *'əm‰əke- ( a) 'tit, titmouse' (PChuk. *əmcəkeke ( a) 'tit'; PKam. *mъ‰'ekal 'tit') [KAMET 859]
 | ? PJap. *mit- 'bird' (< *mitV?) [ALTET 2637] | PEsk. *mətəʁ- < *mъtъʁ- 'eider (raven, eagle)' [CED: 199; ESQET 225; Мудрак 2011: 426]; PAl. *sa- 'bird (in gen.), esp. duck', du. 'bird-skin parka' [AD: 342] (< PEskAl. *məsə/a- 'bird' [AD: 342; CED: 199]) | ?m PYuk. *-mə-dee: *ciiə-mə-dee 'bird; (Western, Eurasian) sky lark Alauda arvensis L.' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o288; JUKAET 935] | PIE. *Ames- 'blackbird' [WP I: 53 f.; Pokorny: 35-36; PIET 702] < PEurAs. **mVCV 'a k. of bird' [Мудрак 2011: 426].

 F.11. PKCh. *('ə)nɣemə ( *('ə)lɣemə) 'worm' (PChuk. *ənɣem ( -lɣ-) 'worm; snake'; PKam. *xim " (*lx-), *ximi- 'worm') [KAMET 244; Fortescue 2005: 343 f.]
 | PAlt. *liamba ( l-, -o) 'a k. of big fish' (PTung. *liamba- 'salmon; fish'; PJap. *nama(n)tu 'sheat-fish'; cf. Khak. nomza 'dace' ( < *jom-), Tat. jumba, umba 'burbot'; WMong. nmer 'octopus') [EDAL: 874; ALTET 1207] | PEsk. *nəməʁja- *nъmъʁja- 'worm; snake; eel' [CED: 226; ESQET 362; Мудрак 2011: 478] < PEurAs. **lVmɣwV ( l-) 'snake; eel' [Мудрак 2011: 478; NOSTRET 2047].

 F.12. PKCh. *'ənju 'fish' (PChuk. *'ənnə " ( -nʒ-) 'fish'; PKam. *'in'iʷ (nʡ) 'fish') [Мудрак 2000: 34; KAMET 632; Fortescue 2005: 345; Мудрак 2008: 70 f.]
  Kamchukchean b PYuk. *oʒoon ( ɔ-) 'fish (raw, edible)' [JUKAET 1690], cf. [NIODET 1638].
 | PUr. *on‰V 'a k. of salmon Coregonus njelma' [UEW: 339; URALET 677] / *an‰V [Sammallahti 1979: 26] | ?f PYuk. *anil 'fish' [JUKAET 131] < PEurAs. **ʔVnV 'fish' [NIODET 40; NOSTRET 1743].

 F.13. PKCh. *'əv-i'oɣə- 'brood; nest (lit. "content with eggs")' (PChuk. *(ʁ)əɣ-, *(ʁ)əɣ-ʒocɣə-n 'one brood (of animals): nest, twins'; PKam. *'aʷ'-aʷsɣъ 'nest') [KAMET 891; sub Fortescue 2005: N^o379]
  The 2^nd part is PKCh. *-ɨ'olɣъ- 'receptacle, capacity' [KAMET 300].
 | PAlt. *ebla 'egg' [EDAL: 490; ALTET 411] | PEsk. *əva- 'sit on eggs' [CED: 119; ESQET 1370; Мудрак 2011: 275 c.]; Al. (Atk.) m-iɣa- 'incubate, sit on, set, sit on eggs' [AD: 276] | ? PYuk. *ɔ(w)i-l  *-əu-l 'egg; hard roe' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o25; JUKAET 1047] (b KCh.?) | PNDr. *uj- ( o-) 'put down; lay (eggs)' [DED_2: N^o5549; NDRET 417] | PIE. *uyo- 'egg' [WP I: 21 f.; Pokorny: 783 f.; PIET 2968] < PEurAs. **ʔeɣwV 'egg; sit on eggs' [Мудрак 2011: 276; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.24c].

 F.14. PKCh. *'ətqəl 'owl' (PChuk. *ətqəɫ # 'polar owl; торбей (? k. of bird); skua, jaeger Stercorarius gen.; k. of godwit (black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa L.?)'; PKam. *'əsiqəl-i- 'owl') [Мудрак 2000: 208: Chuk.; KAMET 576; Fortescue 2005: 301]
 | PAlt. *it`VKV 'a k. of (big) bird' [EDAL: 595; ALTET 616] < PEurAs. **ʔit`VKV ( -Q-) 'a k. of bird'.

 F.15. PKCh. *ɣajkъɣʷ 'a k. of Salmonidae' (PChuk. *ɣaʒkъb 'a k. of Salmonidae'; PKam. *k'ekxʷi, *kajkɨxʷ 'chum [dog] salmon, keta Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum') [KAMET 309] (< PKCh. *ɣaj- 'fish' + *ɣъv(-ɣъ-) 'stone'?)
 | PAl. *qa- 'fish' [AD: 289 ff.] | PDr. *kaj- 'k. of fish' [DED_2: N^o1252; DRAVET 430] < PEurAs. **Kaj/HV ( Q-) 'a k. of fish' [Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.29d].

 F.16. PKCh. *ɣъrjъ-, *-ъrjъ 'fur; feather' [KAMET 508; Fortescue 2005: 64; Мудрак 2008: 37]
 | PAlt. *k`ejra ( -aj-) 'bark' [EDAL: 782 f.; ALTET 996] | PEsk. *qajiʁu ( -r-) 'bark; upper layer' [CED: 275 f.; ESQET 515; Мудрак 2011: 599] | PFUg. *kere 'bark' [UEW: 148 f.; URALET 290], *krn 'bark; crust' [UEW: 138; URALET 270] | PYuk. *qa(a)r, *-ɣa(j)r 'torn skin; skin; bark' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2018; JUKAET 81] | PIE. *(s)ker-, *(s)kert- 'bark; skin' [WP I: 422, II: 573 ff.; sub Pokorny: 938 ff.; PIET 1053] | Geor. ḳrol- 'outer shell of a nut / chestnut' < PEurAs. **k`aj(V)rV, -e- 'bark; skin' [МССНЯ: 344; ОСНЯ 1: N^o217; Dolgopolsky 1998: N^o94; Bomhard 1994: N^o247; Greenberg 2002: N^o26; ND: N^o311; NOSTRET 209; Krougly-Enke 2009: N^o1.2k; NIODET 348; ESQET 680; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.3]. 

 F.17. PKCh. *ɣʷekə- 'magpie' (PChuk. *ɣekə-tɣə-n 'magpie; a k. of duck Anas sp.'; PKam. *xʷakɨ-kan 'magpie') [Мудрак 2000: 77 f.; KAMET 307; Fortescue 2005: 325]
 | PAlt. *g[io]jk`u 'bird of prey [kestrel, windhover, hawk, falcon]' [EDAL: 552; ALTET 580] | PIE. *k'eig'h- (PGerm. also to *keik-) 'a k. of motley bird (thrush, magpie, jay)' [Fraenkel: 977; PIET 3217] | PDr. *kk- 'crow' [DED_2: N^o1425; DRAVET 549] < PEurAs. **ge(j)k`(w)V ( -q`-) 'crow; magpie' [Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.6d].

 F.18. PKCh. *kanojo 'goby; lamprey' (PChuk. *kanaʒo= 'goby'; PKam. *qʷanoze- 'lamprey (river)') [KAMET 1106]
 | PEsk. *əqnu-ləɣ  *qənu-ləɣ < *ъqno-ləɣ  *qъno-ləɣ 'a k. of sea fish' [YUPET 860; Мудрак 2011: 869] | PDr.  *gend- 'a k. of fish' [DED_2: N^o1947; DRAVET 381] < PEurAs. **KVnV ( Q-) 'a k. of fish' [Мудрак 2011: 869; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.29c].  

 F.19. PKCh. *qʷelɣʷə 'raven' (PChuk. *ɣelbə # 'raven'; PKam. *-qъlhъ " 'raven') [Мудрак 2000: 132; KAMET 308; Fortescue 2005: 326]
 | PAlt. *k`la ( -o, -u) 'a k. of big bird [duck, duck-hawk; raven, crow]' [EDAL: 851 f.; ALTET 1157] | PAl. *qalqa-ʁa-ja- 'raven; magpie' [AD: 304] | PUr. *kulV(-kV) 'raven' [UEW: 200; URALET 395] | PYuk. *qularqa-, *qularqa- ( k-) 'seagull; snipe (river, a small one)' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2095; JUKAET 239] | PIE *kolomb- (kh-) 'pigeon' [WP I: 440 f.; Pokorny: 431, 805; PIET 534] < PEurAs. **k`ulV ( q`-) 'a k. of big bird (raven, crow)' [ND: N^oN^o877, 1033; NOSTRET 704; NIODET 370].

 G. Plants, part of plants, mushrooms.

 G.1. PKCh. *'ъɣʷtɨ  *'ъvtɨ 'leaf; bush' (PChuk. *ъɣtъ- " '(tree) leaf; flower; leaf of bog bilberry (bog blueberry, northern bilbery, western blueberry Vaccinium uliginosum); bush; plant (in comp.); to flourish, bloom (of leaves, flowers)'; PKam. *'ъʷ(x)tɨ 'leaf') [Мудрак 2000: 45 (conf. with 'green; blue'); KAMET 1240; Fortescue 2005: 337]
  Metathesis < *'ъtɣʷɨ  *'ъtvɨ.
 | PAlt. *it`ikV 'a k. of berry' [EDAL: 608; ALTET 651] | PEsk. *iki[vt]uɣ < *iki[vt]uɣ 'celery; plant species' [CED: 124; ESQET 1393; Мудрак 2011: 294 f.] (metath., infl. by *uvtuɣ) | PDr. *(t)k- 'leaf' [DED_2: N^o335; DRAVET 92] < PEurAs. **ʔot`i-kV 'a k. of berry'.

 G.2. PChuk. *ъkъ-tkъn 'top, summit; tree crown; top (of ridge); headwaters; headscarf' [Мудрак 2000: 181; CHUKET 675; Fortescue 2005: 152 (Chuk. with incorr. Kam.)]
 | PAlt. *k`re 'edge'(PTurk. *Kɨr 'isolated mountain; mountain top, mountain ridge; steppe, desert, level ground; edge'; PMong. *kira 'edge; ridge'; PTung. *xri- 'border; hem') [EDAL: 767 f.; ALTET 990] | PDr. *kar- 'bank; bridge; border' [DED_2: N^o1293; DRAVET 518], cf. *kar- 'rough' [DED_2: N^o1265; DRAVET 724] | PIE. *kar- (kh-) 'stone; thorn; hard; rough' [WP I: 355; Pokorny: 531 f.; PIET 445] | Geor. ḳarḳar- 'high cliff' [KARTET 547] < PEurAs. **k`arV 'edge; rock; steep bank' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o216; ND: N^oN^o1149, 1161; NOSTRET 643].

 G.3. PChuk. *'ъlɣa- 'wild onion Allium ursinum L. (?); bird cherry, hackberry, hagberry, May tree Prunus padus L.' [CHUKET 1715]
 | PTung. *elu 'onion' [Цинциус 2: 448]; Man. elisun 'grass; shoots' (b unattested Mong.) [Цинциус 2: 447] | PDr. *ul-i 'onion; garlic' [DED_2: N^o705; DRAVET 1641] | PIE. *l- 'a plant with edible tuber' [WP I: 90 f.; Pokorny: 33; PIET 69] < PEurAs. **ʔelɣwV ( -lw-) 'onion, garlic' [ND: N^o132; NOSTRET 1209].

 G.4. PChuk. *'ъnatɨ= 'alpine bistort Polygonum viviparum L. = Bistorta vivipara Delarbre = Persicaria v. Ronse Decr. (an edible root)' [CHUKET 1935]
  b PEsk. *unata- < *onata- 'edible plant or root' [CED: 372; ESQET 230; Мудрак 2011: 800]
 | PAlt. *at`a 'a k. of fragrant plant' [EDAL: 306; ALTET 41] | PFP. *antV (*ontV) 'young grass; shoot' [UEW: 607; URALET 1205] | PDr. *andug- 'clearing nut plant' [DED_2: N^o151; DRAVET 50] | PIE. *andh- 'sprout; flower' [WP I: 45, 67; Pokorny: 40 f.; PIET 1286] < PEurAs. **ʔaTV 'a k. of plant' [NOSTRET 988].

 G.5. PKCh. *'ъnkola 'hazel' (PChuk. *ъnkъɫ(a) 'hazel'; PKam. *kʷali- 'hazel') [Мудрак 2000: 99; KAMET 237; Fortescue 2005: 190; Мудрак 2008: 87 f.]
  Old compound?
 | PAlt. *nao 'nut' [EDAL: 1006; ALTET 1408] | PSDr. *nu- 'kernel of unripe fruit' [DED_2: N^o3698; DRAVET 2130] | PIE. *k(')now- 'nut' [WP I: 390 ff.; Pokorny: 558 f.; PIET 514] < PEurAs. **nawV 'nut' [NOSTRET 1124].

 G.6. PChuk. *ъpʁona " 'mushroom' [Мудрак 2000: 110 (+ incorr. Kam.); CHUKET 1038; Fortescue 2005: 225 (+ incorr. Kam.)]
 | PAlt. *p`ugu ( -o) (-l/lV) 'tinder; excrescence' (PTurk. *ugu- 'tinder'; PMong. *huɣula 'tinder'; PTung. *pug(i)ju- (or *pugula) 'tinder, tree excrescence; convex') [EDAL: 1178 f.; ALTET 1846] | PEsk. *pujuV- < *pojo- 'kind of mushroom, puffball' [CED: 272; ESQET 686; Мудрак 2011: 574] | PFUg. *paka 'a k. of mushroom (fly-agaric Agaricus muscarius), from which one makes narcotic substance' [UEW: 355; URALET 716] / *pɨka 'mushroom' [Sammallahti 1988: 547] | PYuk. *paaj '(tree-)fungus, polypore' [sub Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2118; JUKAET 1815] | PIE. *(s)pong- (-ph-) 'sponge, tree-fungus; excrescence' [WP II: 681 f.; PIET 1091] | PKart. *boḳw- 'stump; chump, log; beehive; root; dug out tree root with ground on limbs' [Климов 1964; 52; EWK: 58 f.; KARTET 70] < PEurAs. **p`U(n)ɣV 'a k. of mushroom' [Bouda 1952: 7; Blaek 2007: N^o56; KARTET 70; ESQET 686; NIODET 1246; Мудрак 2011: 574].

 G.7. PKCh. *'ъpnɨ_- 'horse-tail, mare's tail' (PChuk. *ъpnɨ-cʁъ-n 'horse-tail'; PSKam. *p(')anu- 'a k. of raspberry') [Мудрак 2000: 194 (Chuk.); KAMET 888]
 ?f | PAlt. *biola 'a k. of bush, spiraea' [EDAL: 349 f.; ALTET 144] | PFUg. *pelna (*polna) 'a k. of plant' [UEW: 370; URALET 751] | PKart. *blanc- 'fern' [EWK: 58; KARTET 67] < PEurAs. **bilwV  **bolV (-nV) 'fern; horse-tail' [NOSTRET 1721].

 G.8. PChuk. *ъpqaR 'asp' [CHUKET 2163]
 | PAlt. *ap`akV ( -k`-) 'a k. of foliage tree' [EDAL: 310; ALTET 2730] < PEurAs. **ʔap`(a)k`V ( -q`-) 'a k. of foliage tree'.

 G.9. PKCh. *'ъrtъl 'bough, branch' (PChuk. *rъtlъ # ", *rъllъ 'bough, branch'; PKam. *'istil' (lʡ) 'bough') [Мудрак 2000: 202; KAMET 1131; Fortescue 2005: 259; Мудрак 2008: 75]
  Metathesis < *'ъtrъl.
 | PAlt. *ot`o (-rV) 'bushes; low trees' [EDAL: 1069; ALTET 2539] < PEurAs. **ʔot`V (-rV) 'bushes; branch, bough'.

 G.10. PChuk. *cacaq ( -e-) 'toadstool' [CHUKET 1769]
 | PAlt. *‰takV ( -ukV) 'pulp; mushroom; lip' [EDAL: 404; ALTET 251] | PEsk. *tu(v)ta- < *to(v)ta- 'labret; knar' [CED: 356; ESQET 1165; Мудрак 2011: 767] < PEurAs. **cwot/Ca ( c`w-, ‰w-) (-K/QV) 'a k. of mushroom' [Мудрак 2011: 767].

 G.11. PKCh. *'əɦjə-nɦʷъ- 'lingonberry, partridgeberry, mountain cranberry, cowberryVaccinum vitis-idaea L.; Arctic bramble, Arctic raspberry Rubus arcticus L.' (PChuk. *ъɣʒъ-ʁъ-n 'lingonberry'; PKam. *'ija-nu-‰h 'Arctic bramble') [Мудрак 2000: 166, Chuk.; KAMET 892; Fortescue 2005: 88]
 | PIE. *ag- ( *g-) 'fruit; berry' [WP II: 173; Pokorny: 773; Adams: 109; PIET 824] < PEurAs. **HVkV ( -q-) 'berry'.

 G.12. PKCh. *'əɦra 'purple, rose willow' (PChuk. *əʁra " 'purple, rose willow'; PKam. *‰'e " 'purple, rose willow') [Мудрак 2000: 50; KAMET 637; Fortescue 2005: 273]
 | PAlt. *iure 'a k. of foliage tree' [EDAL: 621; ALTET 2753] < **HurI 'a k. of shrub'.

 G.13. PKCh. *'əkva-r ( -) 'branch, bough' (PChuk. *əkba-R 'horn offshoot; bough; skin from the horns'; PKam. *kawa-‰ (ɣʷ, ъ) 'branch') [KAMET 249]
 | PDr. *k^av- 'bifurcation' [DED_2: N^o1325; DRAVET 726] < PEurAs. **kVbV ( k`-, q`-, -ɣw-) 'branch'.

 G.14. PKCh. *'əmet- ( *'ъmɨ_t-) 'to ripen; to redden' (PChuk. *əmet- ( a, *ъmɨt-) 'to ripen'; PKam. *masɨka- ( -q-) 'to redden, blush') [KAMET 1104]
 | PKart. *mwis- 'to ripen; to grow up' [EWK: 251 f.; KARTET 690] / *wis- 'to attain' [Klimov 1998: 313] < PEurAs. **mVwV 'to ripen'.

 G.15. PKCh. *'əm'jə 'rowan Sorbus gen. L.; rowanberry' (PChuk. *ъmʒъ  *mъʒ " (ə) 'rowan; rowanberry; edibe root of knotweed, knotgrass (Polygonum polymorphum?)'; PKam. *'im‰-'im‰i " () 'rowan; rowanberry') [Мудрак 2000: 33; KAMET 626]
  No found Eurasiatic parallels, but cf. Borean ones:
 || PSCauc. **mV“V 'berry' [SCCET 259]
 || PAlgWak. **mi: ( :, :) 'leaf; berry' [Nikolaev 2015b: N^o224; 2017: N^o46 (2)]
 < PBor. ***mVHV 'a k. of berry'.

 G.16. PKCh. *'əqrəl 'kamchatkan dropwart Filipendula kamtschatika' (Chuk. *əqrəlki- 'kamchatkan dropwart'; PKam. *qъri'l 'kamchatkan dropwart') [Мудрак 200: 197 f.; KAMET 1096]
 ?s | PIE. *kermus- / *kremus- 'wild garlic' [WP I: 426 f.; Pokorny: 580- f.; PIET 497], *k'ermus-, *kermus- 'cherry-tree, bird-cherry tree' [WP I: 411 f.; PIET 511] < ? PEurAs. **k`VrV ( q`-, -r-) 'a k. of plant'.

 G.17. PKCh. *'ətne-  *'ə‰e-  *'ə‰ne- 'to grow up; plant; flower' (PChuk. *əte- 'to grow up; to push through; plant; shoot, sprout; flower'; PKam. *'it'ni-, *‰'ie-k'e-‰hi, *‰'ine-k'e-‰hi 'to grow up (plants); flower') [Мудрак 2000: 35 (Chuk., conf.); KAMET 823; Fortescue 2005: 299 f.]
 | PKart. *cen- 'to grow; to flourish (of plants)' [Климов 1964: 228; EWK: 461; KARTET 134] / *cen- / *cn- [Klimov 1998: 271] < PEurAs. **cVNV 'to grow; to flourish'.

 G.18. PKCh. *'əvi- 'to mature' (PChuk. *əɣi- ( -ɣ-) 'to mature; to ripen; very auick'; PKam. *'is'i- 'to mature, to ripen, to be in time; to intensify') [Мудрак 2000: 150, Chuk., conf.; KAMET 761]
 | PAlt. *bu‰`o ( -o-) 'to dry on fire, under the sun' [EDAL: 376; ALTET 198] | PFP. *posV 'hot; heat (n.); sweaty; sweat' [UEW: 738; URALET 1522] < PEurAs. **bVc`V ( -c`-) 'to cook' [Иллич-Свитыч 1968: N^o11.3; МССНЯ: 338; ND: N^oN^o1809, 1813; NOSTRET 112].
  Otherwise, PFP. *po‰V 'dry; to dry' [URALET 1513].
 NB. Cf. ?s PAlt. *p`i‰`o 'acid; salty' [EDAL: 1146; ALTET 1798] | PFUg. *pi- 'to roast, cook' [UEW: 385; URALET 786] / *pi/e- [Sammallahti 1988: 547].

 H. Human being.

 H.1. PChuk. *ъɣʒo- 'servant, slave; bell-hop, messenger; to commit (to send with commition)' [CHUKET 2264]
  Metathesis < *ъʒɣo-.
 | PAlt. *iuga 'child; son' [EDAL: 612; ALTET 2490] | PIE. *jowen- 'young' [WP I: 200 f.; Pokorny: 510 f.; PIET 403] < PEurAs. **juɣ(w)V 'child; young' [NOSTRET 1741].

 H.2. PKCh. *'ъpɨ-(lju) 'baby; son' (PChuk. *'əppə-(lʒu-), *pɨ- 'little; calf (till 1 year-old)'; PKam. *p'e-‰, *p'e- 'son; child') [Мудрак 2000: 34 f.; KAMET 635; Мудрак 2008: 153 f.; Fortescue 2005: 347 (Chuk., incorr. Kam.)], cf. PChuk. *po/ъʒtъ- 'village of Paren' (= "guy, lad") (< PKam. *'ъpoj‰ъ-).
  b PYup. *apiʁa- < *apeʁa- A 'younger brother' [YUPET 280; Мудрак 2011: 846]
 | PAlt. *poju ( p`-) 'child; young (of animals)' [EDAL: 1103; ALTET 1672] | PEsk. *pija-Гa- < *pij-ɣ-  *peja-ʁa- 'young of animal; child' [CED: 258; ESQET 766; Мудрак 2011: 558] | PFUg. *pojka 'son; child' [UEW: 390; URALET 796] / *poji [Sammallahti 1988: 541] | PYuk. *pəo(ə)- ( -oə-) 'slave, servant; orphan; widower' [JUKAET 1123] | PDr. *pai- 'boy; child; calf' [DED_2: N^o3939; DRAVET 1161] | PIE. *paw- 'few; small' [WP II: 75 f.; Pokorny: 842 f.; PIET 2023] < PEurAs. **powjV ( p`-) 'small; child' [МССНЯ: 360; ND: N^o1655; NOSTRET 319; Мудрак 2011: 558; NIODET 781].

 H.3. PChuk. *ъqRɨ(k) 'Kerek; Koryak; a mythical people, that lived once to the North of Chukotka and leaved over the sea after struggling against the Chukches' [CHUKET 2000]
 | PAlt. *k`iure 'guest; neighbor' (PTurk. *Kir-del 'a neighbour who lives in the same house'; PMong. *kr- 'son-in-law, bridegroom; brother-in-law'; PTung. *(x)rem- ( -i-) 'to visit, come as a guest') [EDAL: 824 f.; ALTET 1087] < PEurAs. **k`urI ( q`-) 'guest; neighbor'.

 H.4. PKCh. *'əqlik 'man; male' (PChuk. *əqLi-k 'man; male; PKam. *'ihɨlɦъ, *'ihlih 'man') [Мудрак 2000: 35; KAMET 62; Мудрак 2008: 62 f.]
  Cf. PKam. *qule-‰ ( k-) 'lieder, chief (of tribe)' [ITELET 277; Fortescue 2005: 180 f.]
 | PAlt. *k`iule 'person' [EDAL: 818; ALTET 1072] | PIH. *(s)kʷel- 'crowd; people' [WP I: 517; Pokorny 1959: 640; Tischler: 623 f.; PIET 1047] | ?s PKart. *al- 'penis' (but Svan law- 'male child') [Климов 1964: 212; EWK: 406; KARTET 863; Klimov 1998: 243 f.]  < PEurAs. **[q`]ulI 'person' [МССНЯ: 361; ND: N^o1032; NOSTRET 311].
 NB. Cf. PAlt. *klV 'servant, slave' [EDAL: 735 f.; ALTET 942] < PEurAs. **kulV  **ʔuklV ( q) 'man; servant'.

 H.5. PKCh. *ʷev- (-ɦe-) 'woman; feminine' (PChuk. *ebʁe-n, *eb- 'feminine; wife'; PKam. *i-‰ 'wife; female') [Мудрак 2000: 101; Fortescue 2005: 196; KAMET 57; Мудрак 2008: 146 f. (+ incorr. Kam.)]
 | PAlt. *neu 'female relative (sister or brother's wife)' [EDAL: 970 f.; ALTET 1434] | PEsk. *nəju- 'grandmother; old woman' [CED: 228; ESQET 370; Мудрак 2011: 481] | PUr. *ni 'woman; female' [UEW: 305 f.; URALET 605] / *nɨxi 'woman' [Janhunen 1977: 94; Sammallahti 1988: 539] | PDr. *nnd_- 'female relative' [DED_2: N^o3644; DRAVET 1000] | PIE. *(e)yena-t-er- 'brother's wife' [WP I: 207 f.; Buck: 126; Pokorny: 505 f.; PIET 410] < PEurAs. **newV ( n-) 'woman; female-in-law' [МССНЯ: 361; ОСНЯ 2: N^o315; ND: N^o1607; NOSTRET 337; Мудрак 2011: 481, 909; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.99].

 H.6. PKCh. *taɣʷo'm ( *taɣʷo'mъ) 'nomad, reindeer herdsman; enemy' (PChuk. *caɣcъba 'reindeer breeder, reindeer breeder Koryak; rude, evil, impudent, headstrong, arbitrary'; PKam. *taɣʷlu-m 'Koryak; ennemy') [Мудрак 2000: 132; KAMET 124; Fortescue 2005: 43 f. (Chuk.); Мудрак 2008: 196]
 | PAlt. *dagi 'enemy; alien' [EDAL: 457; ALTET 348] | PEsk. *taʁu 'human being (mostly allegorical)' [CED: 333, 334; ESQET 535; Мудрак 2011: 704] < PEurAs. **dagV '(alien) human being' [ESQET 535; Мудрак 2011: 704; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.51].

 I. Family, relationship terms.

 I.1. PKCh. *'appa- 'grandfather; elder relative' (PChuk. *appa # " 'grandfather; father (priest); father'; PKam. *'epe 'father; godfather') [Мудрак 2000: 30; KAMET 733; Fortescue 2005: 36 f.; Мудрак 2008: 49 f.]
 | PAlt. *ap`a 'father' [EDAL: 310; ALTET 80], *ep`V 'grandfather' [EDAL: 515; ALTET 443] | PEsk. *apa < *p  *apa 'grandfather; father' [CED: 36; ESQET 1787; Мудрак 2011: 138] | PDr. *ap- 'male relative' [DED_2: N^o156; DRAVET 56] | PIE. *pa-t-er- 'father' [WP II: 4; Pokorny: 829; Adams: 365; PIET 846] | PKZ. *ṗaṗ- 'grandfather' [Мудрак 2000: 152; EWK: 271; KARTET 816] < PEurAs. **ʔap`V 'father', **ʔep`V 'grandfather' [dub. in ND: N^o942; NOSTRET 652].

 I.2. PChuk. *aʒna 'grandmother (paternal or maternal) (voc.); spider' [CHUKET 1713]
 | PAlt. *ena 'mother; elder sister' [EDAL: 510; ALTET 432] | PAl. *ni- 'paternal aunt, a sister of one's father' [AD 283] | PUr. *ana 'wife of an elder relative; ? mother' [UEW: 10; URALET 15] / PFUg. *ana 'siter-in-law' [Sammallahti 1988: 542], PUr. *anV(-ppV) 'mother-in-law' [UEW: 9; URALET 14] / *ɨna(jppɨ) [Janhunen 1981: 39, 40] / *ɨna- [Sammallahti 1988: 536] | PDr. *an- 'elder brother' [DED_2: N^o131; DRAVET 54] | PIE. *an- (PIH. *H-) 'grandmother' [WP I: 55 f.; Pokorny: 36 f.; Tischler: 24, 145; PIET 43] < PEurAs. **HanV ( ʔ-) 'mother; elder sister' [NOSTRET 1011].
 NB. Cf. PKCh. *'əni_ne- 'elder brother or sister'  [KAMET 1013].

 I.3. PChuk. *atɨ 'daddy' [CHUKET 1832]
 | PAlt. *et`e 'elder relative' [EDAL: 523 f.; ALTET 453] | PDr. *at- 'female relative (father's sister?)' [DED_2: N^o142; DRAVET 76] | PIE. *ata, *atta (PIH. *a-) 'father' [WP I: 44; Buck: 103; Tischler: 92; PIET 2796] < PEurAs. **ʔat`V, -e- 'father; elder relative' [NOSTRET 671].

 I.4. PKCh. *'ъllaɦo (-aɦɨ) 'mother' (PChuk. *'ъllaʁъ 'mother; step-mother; grandmother'; PKam. *'ilʷaɦъ-shъ, *'ileɦə-shə 'mother') [Мудрак 2000: 84 f.; KAMET 603; Fortescue 2005: 339; Мудрак 2008: 64]
 The 1^st part is the same as in PKCh. *'əlləɣ- 'father', q.v.;
 the 2^nd part: ?f PAlt. *ujo 'relation (relative, kin)' [EDAL: 1486; ALTET 2497] | PDr. *av-ai 'mother; woman' [DED_2: N^o273; DRAVET 82] | PIE. *aw- (PIH. *HauHo-) 'grandfather; uncle (mother's brother)' [WP I: 20 f.; Pokorny: 89; Tischler: 260 ff.; Adams: 56; PIET 16] < PEurAs. **ʔVHwV 'relation' [NOSTRET 772].

 I.5. PKCh. *'ъaj 'aunt' (PChuk. *'ъcca-ʒ(u) (-ɫɫ-?) 'aunt; cousin aunt'; PKam. *li(j)-sxi-'aunt') [Мудрак 2000: 278 (Chuk.); KAMET 604; Fortescue 2005: 338]
 | PAlt. *a‰V 'elder relative, ancestor' [EDAL: 271 f.; ALTET 55] | PEsk. *acuʁa- < *acoʁa- 'aunt by marriage' [CED: 4; ESQET 1577; Мудрак 2011: 70], *acaɣ < *cɣ 'paternal aunt' [CED: 2; ESQET 7; Мудрак 2011: 67]; PAl. *asaɣa- 'cross-cousin (father's sister's or mother's brother's son or daughter' [AD: 97] (< PEskAl. *asaɣ 'aunt; cross-cousin') | PUr. *c 'father' [UEW: 22; URALET 35] | PYuk. *ecee 'father' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o403; JUKAET 71] | PDr. *a- 'father; ancestor' [DED_2: N^o55; DRAVET 1857] < PEurAs. **ʔacwV 'father; elder relative; ancestor' [ND: N^o797; NOSTRET 984; NIODET 234; Мудрак 2011: 67].

 I.6. PKCh. *'ъnъ- 'woman from twin genus' (PChuk. *əntə- 'twin genus: son-in-law, daughter-in-law'; PKam. *'anli-, *'ansi- 'daughter-in-law, brother's wife') [Мудрак 2000: 163 (Chuk.); KAMET 950; Fortescue 2005: 346 (Chuk.)]
 | ? PIE. *snus- 'daughter-in-law' [WP II: 701 f.; Pokorny: 978; PIET 1100] < ? PEurAs. **nUcV ( c`-, -) 'daughter-in-law'.
  Otherwise Indo-European can be b PNCauc. *nusA ( -o-) 'daughter-in-law' [NCED: 1994; CAUCET 1745].

 I.7. PKCh. *'əlləɣʷju 'nephew' (PChuk. *'ъllъbʒo 'nephew; grandson'; PKam. *luɣʷusxi (< *luɣʷsu-sxi) 'nephew') [Мудрак 2000: 80; KAMET 606; Fortescue 2005: 340]
  Chukchean b PYuk. *libə 'descendant, offspring; to have off spring; younger, last (by age); little (affectionately , of child)' [JUKAET 1318] and (?) PNiv. *ruv() 'brothers and sisters; children of brothers or sisters and cousins; cousin; nephew, niece' [NIVGET 1209], cf. [NIODET 994].

 L.8. PKCh. *'əlləɣʷju 'nephew' (PChuk. *'ъllъbʒo 'nephew; grandson'; PKam. *luɣʷusxi (< *luɣʷsu-sxi) 'nephew') [Мудрак 2000: 80; KAMET 606; Fortescue 2005: 340]
 | PAlt. *nige 'son-in-law; nephew' [EDAL: 1014 f.; ALTET 1484] (O. Mudrak [Мудрак 2011: 488] adds PTurk. *jubga 'bastard, adopted son' [TURKET 781], PMong. *niɣu-n  *noɣu-n 'child; boy' [MONGET 689], extr. from PAlt. *nebi 'new' [EDAL: 964; ALTET 1418], but extracts PJap. *mukua^) | PEsk. *Nuji-, *Nuʁə- (-r-  -l-) < *Noje-, *Noʁъ- (-r-  -l-) 'parent of child's spose' [CED: 236; ESQET 407; Мудрак 2011: 487 f.] | ?f PIE. *nepo-t-er-, -der- 'grandchild; nephew (sister's son)' [WP II: 329 f.; PIET 813] < PEurAs. **nowɣI 'nephew' [ND: N^o1544; NOSTRET 1464].

 I..9. PKCh. *'əni_ne- 'elder brother / sister' (PChuk. *'ənine-ɫʁə-n 'elder brother / sister; sister (for a sister) (voc.)'; PKam. *na(ʷ)n'a 'elder sister; nurse') [Мудрак 2000: 162, Chuk.; KAMET 1013; Fortescue 2005: 344, Chuk. + incorr. Kam.]
 | PAlt. *ena 'mother, elder sister' [EDAL: 510; ALTET 432] | PUr. *ana 'elder female relative' [UEW: 10; URALET 15], PFP. *en 'mother' [UEW: 624 f.; URALET 1241] | PYuk. *enee- 'mother' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o467; JUKAET 27] | PDr. *an- 'elder brother' [DED_2: N^o131; DRAVET 54] | ? PGerm. *aj- 'mother' (merger with PEurAs. **Haja 'mother, elder female relative'?) < PEurAs. **ʔenV ( -a-, -n-) 'elder female relative' [Bomhard 1994: N^o454; Fortescue 1998: 144, 152; Nikolaeva 2006: N^o467; NOSTRET 1011].

 L.10. PKCh. *-əju 'younger brother' (PChuk. *'əɫɫa-ʒu 'younger brother or sister; sister (for a sister) (voc.)'; PSKam. *-ns: *ki-ns 'younger brother') [sub Иудрак 2000: 86; KAMET 605; Fortescue 2005: 340, Chuk. + incorr. Kam.]
 | PUr. *we 'son-in-law, bride-groom' [UEW: 565; URALET 1148] / *we/iw [Janhunen 1977: 114; Sammallahti 1988: 541], *wantV 'relative (through marriage)' [UEW: 557; URALET 1130] | PDr. *van- 'elder brother's wife' [DED_2: N^o5251; DRAVET 1716] | PSl. *vъnkъ 'grandchild' (b Lit. an~kas 2 a.p. id.) [Фасмер I: 328 f.] < PEurAs. **waV 'a relative' [ND: N^o2494; NOSTRET 1616].

 J. Parts of body, body functions, senses.

 J.1. PKCh. *'a‰‰ъq-la- ( 'aɨq-) 'to sneeze; to cough' (PChuk. *accɨq-la- (*accaq-la-) 'to sneeze'; PKam. *'a[‰ik]ъl- 'to cough') [KAMET 552; Fortescue 2005: 15]
 | Alt.: PTurk. *aksɨr- (*agsɨr-) 'to sneeze' [ЭСТЯ 1: 194 f.]; Bur. jogo- 'to ache, nag'; PTung. *iagsi- 'to sneeze' [sub EDAL: 597 f.; ALTET 631] | PYup. *aqəcV-, *aqəc-tə- ? < *aqъcV-, *aqъc-tъ- ? A 'to sneeze' [CED: 39; ESQET 166; Мудрак 2011: 846] | PFUg. *kicn- 'to sneeze' [UEW: 662; URALET 1323] / *kin- [Sammallahti 1988: 552] | PYuk. *ceg-nu- 'to sneeze' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o208; JUKAET 1122] | ?f PIE. *ksewə-, *sk- 'to sneeze' [WP II: 85, 551; Pokorny: 953; PIET 1599] | PGZ. *cxi(n)ḳ- 'to sneeze' [KARTET 154; Klimov 1998: 276] < PEurAs. **k`ic(x)V  **ʔak`(V)ci ( **cxik`V) 'to sneeze' [Мудрак 2011: 846].
  Kamchukchean, Yukaghiric and Karto-Zanic items represent a metathized variant.

 J.2. PChuk. *aʒma-Lqъl 'brachial bone; femur' [Мудрак 2011: 154; CHUKET 55; Fortescue 2005: 17]
 | ?f PAlt. *esV 'shoulder; back part' [EDAL: 511; ALTET 437] (sec. *--?) | PUr. *wamsV 'croup; loin' [UEW: 556; URALET 1127] | PIE. *oms- 'shoulder' [WP I: 178; Pokorny: 778; Adams: 43; PIET 828] < PEurAs. **ʔemsV ( w-) 'shoulder' [Dybo: 1989, 1996; ND: N^o2592; NOSTRET 791].
  NB. Cf. PAlt. *omurV 'shoulder, collar bone' (PTurk. *omur 'sholder'; PMong. *omur- 'callar bone, clavicle') [EDAL: 1052; ALTET 1572].

 J.3. PChuk. *aʒnam- 'fat too much (of taste)' [CHUKET 1626]
  With the neg. pref. *a-.
 ? | ?f PFP. *jim(-l) 'malt; sweet' [UEW: 634; URALET 1261] (dissim. < *nim?) | PYuk. *nam-ɣa- 'smack one's lips; champ' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1362; YUKAET 831] | PIIr. *nama-ka- 'salt' (Pers. namak, Ishk. nəmɣ, Munj. nəmlɣo) (hardly linked to OInd. lavana- id. [PIET 3267]) < ? PEurAs. **najmV ( n-) 'sweet; tasty' [NIODET 1316].

 J.4. PChuk. *ar-  *ɨr- (*ʁar-) 'to be ill, sick; illness; infection; to be infected' [CHUKET 98]
 | PKart. *ɣar- 'to die' [EWK: 385; KARTET 421] < PEurAs. **ɣarV ( -r-) 'to be ill; to die'.
 NB. Cf. PAlt. *arV 'witchcraft, craft' [EDAL: 313 f.; ALTET 53] | PFUg. *arpa 'prediction; sorcery; lot' [UEW: 16; URALET 25] < PEurAs. **HarV 'magic' [МССНЯ: 344; ОСНЯ 1: N^o126; ND: N^o78; NOSTRET 203].

 J.5. PKCh. *'ъ‰vo(-‰vo-) 'chicken-pox, smallpox; infection' (PChuk. *ъcbacъb-: *ɨna-cbacъb- ( -cɣ-) 'infectious desease'; PKam. *‰isъʷnъʷ ( *‰isъ-no-) 'chicken-pox, smallpox') [Мудрак 2000: 146; KAMET 793]
 | PSDr. *Sibb- 'a k. of spot on the body; smallpox' [DED_2: N^o2536; SDRET 2164] < PEurAs. **C/SVbV 'smallpox'.

 J.6. PKCh. *'ъɣroɦъ- 'to give birth' (PChuk. *ъɣroʁъ-, *-ъɣro- 'to give birth (animals); spring (season)'; PKam. *roɦa-, *ro-sxъ- 'to sprawn; descendant') [Мудрак 2000: 166 (Chuk.); KAMET 599; Fortescue 2005: 91 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.)]
 | PUr. *krte- 'to hold; to bear' [UEW: 652; URALET 1301] | PIE. *g'her[e]-, *g'hr- 'to bear; to take; to make use' [WP I: 603 f.; PIET 1693] < PEurAs. **gIrHV 'to bear; to give birth' [NOSTRET 1972].

 J.7. PChuk. *ъɣco " 'eruption, rash' [CHUKET 2273]
 | PAlt. *k`iu‰u 'to scrape; claw, sharp stick' [EDAL: 813 f.; ALTET 1073] | PUr. *kin‰e (*kn‰e) (? *ki‰e (*k‰e)) 'nail; fingernail; claw' [UEW: 157; URALET 311] / PFU. *knci [Sammallahti 1988: 544] | PDr. *ka- 'scab, itch; to scratch' [DED_2: N^o1104; DRAVET 541] | PIE. *gh(w)azdh- 'pointed stick' [WP I: 541; PIET 363] (+ PSl. *gvozdь 'nail'), *g(')hast- 'stick' [WP I: 541; PIET 361] | PKZ. *ḳwencx- 'to split' [Климов 1964: 111, 145 c.; EWK: 199; KARTET 621] < PEurAs. **k`i‰u  **k`u‰i 'to scrape, scratch; nail' [ND: N^oN^o907, 1003, 1090; NOSTRET 949].

 J.8. PKCh. *'ъɣʷto- 'rib' (PChuk. *ъɣto- 'rib'; PKam. *xʷuto- 'rib') [KAMET 521; Fortescue 2005: 92]
 ?f | PAlt. *k`sa 'place between limbs' [EDAL: 769; ALTET 991] | ? PFUg. *kaska 'sacrum' | PNDr. *qcl 'bone' (< PDr. *kc-) [DED_2: N^o2180; DRAVET 647] | PIE. *kost- 'bone; rib' [WP I: 464; Pokorny: 616; Buck: 32; PIET 568] | Geor. ḳo- 'ankle' < PEurAs. **k`aCV 'bone' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o219; ND: N^o999; NOSTRET 214].

 J.9. PChuk. *ъʒo- 'to smell (tr., intr.)' [CHUKET 277]
 | PAlt. *iunu ( -a) 'to breathe; to smell' (PTurk. *ɨn-tɨk 'to breathe heavily'; PMong. *(h)oguli- 'to gasp, breathe heavily'; PTung. *unu- 'to smell') [EDAL: 620; ALTET 667] < PEurAs. **junu ( -i-) 'to smell'.

 J.10. PKCh. *'ъjqa  *jaqa " 'nose' (PChuk. *ʒaqa "  *ъʒqa " 'nose; muzzle of an animal; nostril; rod ?, middle course (= in the bow of the boat)'; PKam. *qajъqa 'nose') [Мудрак 2000: 174; KAMET 1214; Мудрак 2008: 159]
 | PYuk. *jogu-l ( ) O 'nose; cap' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o714; JUKAET 48] | ?f PKZ. *niḳ- 'facial protrusion' [EWK: 265 f.; KARTET 742] / *niḳel- 'snout' [Klimov 1998: 142 f.] < ? PEurAs. **[n]Vk`V 'snout'.

 J.11. PKCh. *'ъ'ma- 'pelvis; hip' (PChuk. *ъma= 'hind deer's hip'; PKam. *'a'a-n' ( 'ъ-) (ʡ, nʡ) 'pelvis; buttock') [Мудрак 2000: 37; KAMET 612]
 | PYup. *aqə- < *aqъ- A 'hip, thigh' [YUPET 260; Мудрак 2011: 845] | PCDr. *vagel 'calf of leg' (< *va-) [DED_2: N^o5249; DRAVET 1962] < ? PEurAs. **ʔaHV ( w-) 'thigh; calf (of leg)'.

 J.12. PKCh. *'ъpaɣʷ- ( -v) 'to drink; to swallow' (PChuk. *'ъpab- 'to drink; to drink broth, eat soup; to be thirsty; to drink, pressing the mouth to the river'; PKam. *p(')aɣʷ-, *'ilpa(ʷ)- 'to swallow; to drink') [Мудрак 2000: 37; KAMET 418; Fortescue 2005: 151]
 | PAlt. *p`a 'to drink; to inhale' [EDAL: 1057; ALTET 1601] | PYup. *upəja < *upəj  *opъja E  A? 'lip; sea peach; ascidian' [CED: 383; YUPET 1572; Мудрак 2011: 949] | PNDr. *op- 'to wet; soft' [DED_2: N^o981; DRAVET 2131] | PIE. *ap- (PIH. *H-) 'river, stream; bank, shore' [WP I: 46 f.; Buck: 30; Pokorny: 51 f.; Tischler: 159 f.; Adams: 144; PIET 1264] < PEurAs. **ʔop`V ( H-) 'to drink; water' [ND: N^o1876; NOSTRET 728; Мудрак 2011: 949; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.94c].
 NB. Cf. var. PIIr. *vap- 'to strew' [WP I: 256 f.; Pokorny: 1149] | PSam. *wapta/ъ- 'to pour (out); to overturn' [Janhunen 1977: 172] < PEurAs. **wVPV 'to pour, strew' [ND: N^o2506; sub NOSTRET 728].

 J.13. PKCh. *'ъrqi-'ol 'pus' (PChuk. *ъrqɨʒol 'boil; pus; fester'; PKam. *'ɨzi(ʷ)q'al 'pus; boil') [Мудрак 2000: 124; KAMET 491; Fortescue 2005: 257]
  Metathesis < *'ъqri-.
 | PAlt. *k`iri 'dirt; dirty' [EDAL: 791 f.; ALTET 1035] | PIE. *k'erən-, *k'erəm- 'caustic liquid (alkali, urine)' [WP I: 463; Pokorny: 615; PIET 468] < PEurAs. **k`irV ( q`-) 'dirt' [NOSTRET 1152].

 J.14. PKCh. *‰apə- 'to breathe one's last' (PChuk. *cacpъ- ( a) 'to breathe one's last; to pull the trigger of the trap'; PKam. *‰ispi- 'terrible, horrible') [Мудрак 2000: 157 (Chuk.); KAMET 903; Fortescue 2005: 42]
 | PAlt. *elo 'weak; quiet' (PTurk. *jalɨ- 'to be lazy, emaciated, weak, quiet'; PMong. *alka- 'to be lazy; lazy'; PTung. *el- 'to become quiet (of a sound), hidden; to miss'; PJap. *das- 'quiet; easy') [EDAL: 1533 f.; ALTET 2591] | PIE. *(s)telə- 'to be quiet, silent' [WP I: 742 f.; Pokorny: 1019; PIET 1833] | Geor. -ʒal- 'be weakened' < PEurAs. **ʒwel(Hw)V 'weak; quiet' [ND: N^o2727; NOSTRET 1650].

 J.15. PKCh. *‰(ъ)vъ 'bruise' [Мудрак 2000: 158 (Chuk.); KAMET 804]
 | PAlt. *sgu 'healthy; blood' [EDAL: 1224; ALTET 1976] | PIn. *cuʁʁait- 'be healthy, doing well' [CED: 95; INUPET 1918; Мудрак 2011: 972] | ?s PUr. *saksa 'fat, grease' [UEW: 458; URALET 938], cf. PObUg. *‰kəs 'bear's blood' | PYuk. *cee-mə- 'blood; vein, artery' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o249; JUKAET 1137] | PIE. *as-er/n-, *es-er/n- (PIH. *esH-er/n-) 'blood' [WP I: 162; Pokorny: 343; PIET 249], *sn- 'healthy; happy' [WP II: 445, 452; Pokorny: 880; PIET 987] | ?f PKart. *zisxl- 'blood' [Климов 1964: 87; EWK: 144 f.], [EDKL: 59], [KARTET 1215] (metath. and assim. < *siɣs-l-?) < PEurAs. **seɣ(w)V  **ʔesɣ(w)V (-sV) 'blood' [МССНЯ: 345; ND: N^o2694; NOSTRET 344; NIODET 91; Мудрак 2011: 972; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.9b].

 J.16. PKCh. *'ə‰məlu- ( *'əməlu-) 'to lick' (PChuk. *ətməlu- (-Rm-) 'to lick (sth.)'; PKam. *‰'imiʷl-k- 'to lick') [Мудрак 2000: 137; KAMET 177; Fortescue 2005: 297-298]
  No found Eurasiatic parallels, but cf. Borean ones:
 || PSem. *‰Vmaʔ- 'feed (with rich food)' | PWChad. *‰am- 'taste, test'; PEChad. *‰am- 'eat (hard food)' < PAfAs. **‰amaʔ- 'to eat; food' [HSED: N^o472; AFASET 1226];
 || PNCauc. *=eVm- 'to gnaw; to chew' [NCED: 410; CAUCET 945] | PSTib. *ʒhimH 'to chew; to put in mouth' [Peiros, Starostin 1996 IV: N^o530; STIBET 1658] < PSCauc. *=eVm- ( ṭ) 'to chew' [Starostin 1989: 53; WFR: 138; SCCET 744];
 < PBor. ***CVmV 'taste; to eat' [ND: N^o422; Пейрос 1989: 127; GLOBET 313].

 J.17. PKCh. *'əɦʷji-, *-əɣʷji- 'breath' (PChuk. *əɣʒi- 'air; to breathe out; to keep silent; to shut up; to cough'; PKam. *xʷi‰i(-) " 'breath; to breathe') [KAMET 319]
 | PAlt. *eba 'to winnow, fan' [EDAL: 488 f.; ALTET 408] | PYuk. *eɣʷaə- 'soul; breath; to breathe' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o13; JUKAET 553] | PDr. *v- 'to breathe; steam' [DED_2: N^o393; DRAVET 115] (contam. with PAlt. *iabo (?) 'steam, vapour; rage'? [ALTET 2], missing in [EDAL]) | PIE. *(a)w- (PIH. *H-) 'to blow (of wind)' [WP I: 220 f.; Pokorny: 81 ff.; PIET 1387] (+ Hitt. huwant- 'wind' [Tischler: 328 ff.]) < PEurAs. **HeɣwV 'to blow; to winnow' [NOSTRET 292; NIODET 134].

 J.18. PKCh. *'əɣ(ʷ)rəɣ(ʷ)rəɣ- 'noise; din, rumble' (PChuk. *ɣərɣərɣə-n 'noise; sound'; PKam. *xizɣʷizɣʷə-, **xarɣʷъrɣʷa- 'noise; sound') [KAMET 853; Fortescue 2005: 335-336]
 ?f | PAlt. *oru 'to cry, shout' [EDAL: 1061 f.; ALTET 1582] | ? PDr. *jer- 'to weep, cry' [DED_2: N^o282; DRAVET 459] | PIE. *ar- (PIH. *a-) 'to pray' [WP I: 182; Pokorny: 781; Tischler: 56, 73 f.; PIET 1360] | PKart. *ɣar- / *ɣr-, *ɣarɣar- 'to cry; to sing' [Климов 1964: 201; EWK: 385 f.; KARTET 422] / *ɣar- / *ɣr- [Klimov 1998: 221], PGZ. *ɣarɣar- 'to talk alot' [Klimov 1998: 221 f.] < PEurAs. **ɣorV ( ʔ-) 'to shout; noise' [МССНЯ: 345; ND: N^o721; NOSTRET 217].

 J.19. PKCh. *'əjiɣu- 'to eat' (PChuk. *əʒɣu- 'to bite'; PKam. *‰'iɣʷi-zъ-, *‰'eɣʷi-zъ- 'sweet; tasty; to eat; to full up') [Мудрак 2000: 175, Chuk.; KAMET 481; Мудрак 2008: 39; Fortescue 2005: 119, Chuk.]
 ?f | PAlt. * 'to eat' [EDAL: 1530 f.; ALTET 2596] | PFUg. *sewe- (*seɣe-) 'to eat' [UEW: 440; URALET 905] / *sewi- [Sammallahti 1988: 548] | PKZ. *ʒeɣ- 'to be satiated' [Кдимов 1964: 235; EWK: 477; KARTET 1247] | PIE. *s- 'satisfied; to satiate' [WP II: 444 f.; Pokorny: 876; Adams: 703; PIET 2373] (+? Hitt. suw- 'full', suwat- 'to fill, become full') < PEurAs. **eɣV 'to eat' [МССНЯ: 340; ND: N^oN^o2008, 2023, 2713; NOSTRET 141].

 J.20. PKCh. *'əkima 'kidney' (PChuk. *əkcima 'kidney'; PKam. *kilime- 'kidney') [Мудрак 2000: 72; KAMET 234; Fortescue 2005: 142]
  No known Eurasiatic matches, but cf. Borean ones:
 || PSem. *kʷaly-at- 'kidney' [SED I: N^o156] | Copt. (Fay., Sah. kala-he (h < ḫt) | PCChad. *kwul- 'kidneys'; PEChad. *ʔa-kwal- 'liver' | Bed. ʔɔnkʷelʔa 'kidneys'; PLECush. *kal(a)l- 'kidney', PHECush. *kal- 'kidney', PWar. *kall- 'kidney', Dah. kalle 'kidney'; PSCush. *kʷal- 'lumbar area'; POm. *kVllaw- 'kidney' < PAfAs. **kʷaly- 'kidney' [HSED: N^o1493; AFASET 120].
 || PSTib. *kɫ 'liver; kidney' [Peiros, Starostin 1996 V: N^o165; STIBET 2139] | PBasq. *gibel (< *bigel?) 'liver' [BASQET 53] < PSCauc. **KVɫV 'liver' [SCCET 261].
 < PBor. ***K/QwaLV 'kidney; liver' otherwise [ND: N^o875; GLOBET 361]. 

 J.20. PKCh. *'əkmə_ni- 'palm; five' (PChuk. *əkməni- 'palm; the whole palm; pinch'; PKam. *k'umnə- (-aq) 'five') [KAMET 1045; Fortescue 2005: 395, part. Kam.; Мудрак 2008: 117]
 | PFV. *kme(-ne) 'ten' [UEW: 679; URALET 1367] | PYuk. *kumnə- ( q-) 'ten' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o824; JUKAET 822] | ?m PIE. *dek'm-'ten', *(d)k'm-t-o- 'hundred' [WP I: 785 f.; Pokorny: 191 f.; Adams: 137; PIET 3000] (comp. *de-k'm- "two hands") < PEurAs. **kumV 'ten' [Angere 1956: 73; Tailleur 1959b: 106; Nikolaeva 2006: N^o824].

 J.21. PKCh. *-əlɣə- 'skin; hide; covering' (PChuk. *-əlɣə-n 'bark; skin; covering'; PKam. *-lxъ 'fur; feather; skin') [KAMET 507; Мудрак 2008: 130 c.] (if not b unknown AmAs.)
 ? | PIE. *lnk(ʷ)- 'bast; bark (trees)' [Fraenkel: 390; diff. Pokorny; PIET 3156] < ? PEurAs. **lu(n)k`V 'bark; skin' [Krougly-Encke 2023" N^oA..75b].
 < PBor. ***L/LU(N)Q/KV 'skin; bark'.

 J.22. PKCh. *-əlmi-n (-) '(inner) bone; cartilage in a body part' (PChuk. *-ənmə-n '(inner) bone; cartilage in a body part'; PKam. *-lmi- 'bone (spec.)') [KAMET 1084]
 | PDr. *el-[mb-] 'bone' [DED: N^o839; DRAVET 324] | PIE. *l- (PIH. *Hl-) 'elbow, funny-bone' [WP I: 156 ff.; Pokorny: 307 ff.; Fraenkel: 360; PIET 243] (+ Hitt. hlija, halienzi 'kniet, knien nieder' [Friedrich]) | PKart. *qel- 'hand' [EWK 562 f.; KARTET 845] / *qe- 'hand, arm' [Климов 1964: 264; Klimov 1998: 334 f.] < PEurAs. **qelV (-mV) 'a k. of bone' [swh. diff. Dybo 1989; partly ND: N^oN^o133, 719, 734; swh. diff. NOSTRET 507].

 J.23. PKCh. *('ə)lpə-l- 'cheek' (PChuk. *'əlpə(l)= 'cheek'; PKam. *('ъ)p'alhʷъ, *p'əlhʷe- (-lɦʷ-) (b) 'cheek') [Мудрак 2000: 84; KAMET 623; Мудрак 2008: 31 f.]
 | PAlt. *lebV ( -p-) 'to eat greedily' [EDAL: 869; ALTET 1193] | PIE. *lap- (-ph-) 'to lap; to lick' [WP II: 383 f.; Pokorny: 651; PIET 2308], *lap-, *lab- / -e- 'lip' [WP id.; Pokorny id.; PIET 2309] < PEurAs. **lVpV 'lip; to lap' [МССНЯ: 347; ND: N^oN^o1313, 1321, 2800; NOSTRET 354; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.88b]. 

 J.24. PKCh. *'əin- 'weak; ill' (PChuk. *'əin(ʁ-eb)- 'to get tired; skinny; weak; diseased, unhealthy; illness; trouble; oh, it hurts'; PKam. *in- 'weak; ill') [Мудрак 2000: 191, Chuk.; KAMET 805; Fortescue 2005: 197]
 | PAlt. *nV 'pain, sickness' [EDAL: 508 f.; ALTET 436] | PDr. *an-a- 'to suffer; to suppress' [DED_2: N^o112; DRAVET 1880] < PEurAs. **ʔeNV 'to suffer; pain' [NOSTRET 1010].

 J.25. PKCh. *'əpɣel ( a) 'lungs' (PChuk. *əpɣel: *kau-pɣal ( a, a) 'airways'; PSKam. *p'aɣan (< *p'aɣal) 'lungs') [KAMET 1002; Fortescue 2005: 366]
 | PAlt. *op`ekV 'lung' [EDAL: 1058; ALTET 1577] | PEsk. *puva(ɣ) < *povaʁ-  *puv(ɣ) 'lung' [CED: 270; ESQET 744; Мудрак 2011: 581] | PAl. *humɣi- 'lung(s)' [AD: 440] < PEurAs. **ʔop`V-kV 'lung(s)' [Мудрак 2011: 581].

 J.26. PKCh. *'əpka_v- 'sickness; burden' (PChuk. *əpkab/t- 'can not'; PKam. *('i)piku- ( -o) 'work, labor') [Мудрак 2000: 194 (Chuk.); KAMET 1113; Fortescue 2005: 220 (Chuk.); Мудрак 2008: 74]
 ? | PAlt. *op`a(rV) 'to wear out, be wasted, have a bad (look)' (PTurk. *op-ra- 'to wear out (intr.), decay'; PMong. *(h)obur '(bad) appearance, arrogance'; PTung. *(x)upara- 'to neglect, mistake'; PJap. *ampu- 'to waste, discard, throw away; to suffer a loss, roam in a wasted state') [EDAL: 1067; ALTET 1576] | PIE. *p[e]- 'ill; weak' [WP I: 47; Pokorny: 52; Adams: 17; PIET 1283] < PEurAs. **ʔop`V 'weak, exhausted' [NOSTRET 1164].

 J.27. PKCh. *əprə- 'to tear out, tear off; to take off (tr.)' (PChuk. *əprə- 'to tear out, tear off; to take off (tr., intr.)'; PKam. *pezə- ( p'-) 'to take off (sth. from sth.)') [Мудрак 2000: 194 (Chuk.); KAMET 1154; Fortescue 2005: 225 (Chuk.); Мудрак 2008: 155]
 | PAlt. *p`uri ( -e) 'to crush' (PTurk. *r- 'to break, tear, demolish'; PMong. *hr- 'to rub, grate, file'; PTung. *puru-, *purgu- 'to crush'; PKor. *pɨr- 'in pieces, in crumbs') [EDAL: 1189 f.; ALTET 1864] | PFUg. *pre 'small piece; splinter' [UEW: 366; URALET 740] | PDr. *par- 'to cut, split' [DED_2: N^o3962; DRAVET 1182], cf. *pir-i- 'to crack; to open' [DED_2: N^o4176; DRAVET 1277], *pr- 'to split, cleave' [DED_2: N^o4599; DRAVET 1345] | PIE. *(s)perə- (sph-) 'to kick' [WP II: 668 ff.; Pokorny: 992 f.; PIET 2607] | PKZ. *pre- / *pri- 'to tear, rend' [Климов 1964: 190; EWK: 62; KARTET 792; Klimov 1998: 204] < PEurAs. **p`arV, -u-, -i- 'to tear; to break, split' [МССНЯ: 330, 360; ОСНЯ 2: N^o339; ND: N^oN^o1775, 1790, 1791; NOSTRET 6].

 J.28. PKCh. *'əpo'nmə 'aorta; bird's stomach' (PChuk. *əpRoR 'cardiac aorta'; PKam. *pisen'ək (b) '(bird's) stomach') [KAMET 1215]
  Metathesis?
 | PAlt. *‰`iop`e 'water container; vessel' [EDAL: 444 f.; ALTET 316] | PFUg. *cuppV 'vessel, pot (of birch bark)' [UEW: 45; URALET 81] | PDr. *cp- 'leaf-cup' [DED_2: N^o2619; DRAVET 186] | Geor. ‰ap- 'large earthenware jug' < PEurAs. **‰`op`I 'vessel' [ND: N^o401; NOSTRET 1261].

 J.29. PKCh. *'əreə- 'hump; the upper part of back' (PChuk. *Re-ril 'humpback, the upper part of back'; PKam. *‰'ɨɣɨ- ( *‰'ъɣъ-) 'hump; to warp') [KAMET 1111; Мудрак 2008: 43]
 | PAlt. *ara 'back; behind' [EDAL: 311 f.; ALTET 48] | PSDr. *ar-ai 'waist, loins' [DED_2: N^o230; SDRET 208] | PIE. *ors- (PIH. *o-) 'buttock; anus' [WP I: 138; Pokorny: 340; PIET 235] (+ Hitt. arra- c. 'After, Ges' [Tischler: 51 f.]) < PEurAs. **ʔarV 'back' [ND: N^o145; NOSTRET 1213].

 J.30. PKCh. *'ərɣʷi-'m "  *'ər'mi 'bush; branch' (PChuk. *ərbi- 'willow rods; bush (in comp.)'; PKam. *fizɣʷum ( ‰f-, xʷ-) 'bush; branches') [Мудрак 2000: 123; KAMET 496; Fortescue 2005: 259 f.]
 | PAlt. *kara (-ma) 'thin stick, rod' [EDAL: 649; ALTET 728] | PEsk. *qaʁru < *qaʁro 'arrow; bullet' [CED: 288; ESQET 888; Мудрак 2011: 595 f.] | PSDr. *kar- 'stake for empalling' [DED_2: N^o1361; SDRET 1201] | PIE. *gʷerw- 'tree, stick, spear' [WP I: 689; Pokorny: 479; PIET 349] < PEurAs. **kar(H)V  **gwaru 'thin and sharp stick' [ND: N^o1199; NOSTRET 1409; Krougly-Enke 2009: N^o4.1f].

 J.31. PKCh. *'ətɦ(ʷ)əl 'illness; bedeviling' (PChuk. *ətʁəL " 'pain; to be ill'; PKam. *txʷal-: *nъ-txʷal- 'to spoil (intr.)') [Мудрак 2000: 208 (Chuk.); KAMET 1105; Fortescue 2005: 302 f.]
 | PAlt. *tlo 'wild, mad, dumb' (PTurk. *dl(b)- 'mad; stupid'; PTung. *dele- 'wild; dumb') [EDAL: 1362 f.; ALTET 2238] | PUg. *tultV 'sorcery, witchcraft' [URALET 1883] | PIE. *dol- 'calculation, fraud' [WP I: 808 f.; Pokorny: 193; PIET 192] (+ Hitt. tallija- 'invoke (gods)') | PKZ. *tval- 'to count' < PEurAs. **twe(H)lV 'foolish; to deceive' [ND: N^oN^o2262, 2264, 2265; NOSTRET 1577].

 J.32. PKCh. *'ətkəl'mə 'shaggy; hair of head' (PChuk. *-tkəlu 'bad hair (in comp.)'; PKam. *tъqlʷъ-m, *-tq'ʷъl (= -ʡ-) 'plait; shaggy') [Мудрак 2000: 145 (Chuk. + diff. Kam.); KAMET 745]
 | PAlt. *tok`V ( -k-) 'to plait; to weave' (PTurk. *doku- 'to weave'; PTung. *duKu- 'to strand, plait'; PKor. *tah-, *th-ɨr- 'to plait, weave; to twist, wind') [EDAL: 1378 f.; ALTET 2257] | PEsk. *tukaʁtə- < *tukʔtə- 'harpoon line of plaited caribow sinew' [CED: 346; ESQET 1123; Мудрак 2011: 747 f.] | PSDr. *dugVl- 'cloth; silk' [DED_2: N^o3285; DRAVET 2143] | PIE. *tek-, *tekVs- 'to weave' [WP I: 717; diff. Pokorny: 1058 f. and Vasmer 3: 99 f.; PIET 1795] < PEurAs. **tok`V ( -q`-) 'to twist; to plait' [МССНЯ: 354; ND: N^o2410; NOSTRET 445; Мудрак 2011: 748].

 J.33. PKCh. *'ətpa " 'smallpox; sickness' (PChuk. *ətpe " ( a) 'smallpox; spotted (of reindeer)'; PKam. *tъpъla- 'to be ill; illness; weakness') [KAMET 814]
 | PAlt. *tbi 'bad wind, infectious disease' [EDAL: 1345; ALTET 2212] < PEurAs. **tapV 'bad wind, infectious disease'.

 J.34. PKCh. *ɣɨtka- 'foot, leg' (PChuk. *ɣъtka= 'foot, leg'; PKam. *qitɦa, *qitɦe- 'foot, leg') [Мудрак 2000: 41; KAMET 511; Fortescue 2005: 154]
 | ? PAl. *kita- 'foot (of person, bird, reindeer); leg (from knee down); hind flipper (of seal, sea lion); root (of tooth)', *kita- 'hit with the foot, kick; dig up roots (of plants)' [AD: 241 f.] | PDr. *kud_u- 'thigh' [DED_2: N^o1840; DRAVET 669] | PKZan. *ḳit- 'finger, toe' [EWK: 202; KARTET 572] < PEurAs. **k`itV '(lower part of) leg' [NIODET 288; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.44a]. 

 J.35. PKCh. *ɣʷojɦʷъ 'knee; hip, thigh' (PChuk. *ɣoʒɣъ 'shin; arrow shaft'; PKam. *xʷi‰'e-lmi- 'thigh (of human, animal)') [KAMET 855] (if not b Wak.)
 ? | PIE. *g'ho(n)gh- 'thigh, hip' [WP I: 588; Pokorny: 438 f.; PIET 1671] < ? PEurAs. **gV(j)g(w)V ( G) or sim. 'thigh, hip' [Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.31a].

 J.36. PKCh. *ɦiu 'nose' (PChuk. *ʁi " 'nose'; PKam. *qъʷa ", *(tu)-qъʷъ-‰ 'nose (in comp.)') [Мудрак 2000: 51; KAMET 295; Fortescue 2005: 235; Мудрак 2008: 167]
 | PAlt. *k`ioa 'nose' [EDAL: 806 f.; ALTET 1057] | PEsk. *qəa- 'nose' [CED: 298; ESQET 645; Мудрак 2011: 648] | Ngan. kəmu 'nose bridge' | Geor. nos- 'smell', cf. Svan. qn- id. < PEurAs. **q`weV 'nose' [NOSTRET 863; NIODET 150; Мудрак 2011: 648; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.61c].

 J.37. PKCh. *'jəjlə 'tongue' (PChuk. *ʒiʒɫə " 'tongue'; PKam. *'il'ilə, *'il'il-‰ah (lʡ) 'tongue') [Мудрак 2000: 53 c.; KAMET 443; Мудрак 2008: 65 c.; Fortescue 2005: 115]
 | PYup. *ulu 'tongue' [CED: 367; ESQET 710; Мудрак 2011: 790] < ? PEurAs. **ʔ(j)V(j)lV 'tongue' [NIODET 1438; Мудрак 2011: 790; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.88a].

 J.38. PKCh. *kinu 'scar; navel' (PChuk. *kinu- 'scar; navel'; PKam. *k'ʷiniʷ " 'navel') [Мудрак 2000: 75; KAMET 254; Fortescue 2005: 137; Мудрак 2008: 105 f.] (Kam. with uncorr. Chuk.), PChuk. *kinuəʒ, *kinuba- 'meat' [CHUKET 1689; Fortescue 2005: 138]
 | PAlt. *kue (*kuje) 'heart; middle' [EDAL: 741 f.; ALTET 925] | PEsk. *quə 'midst, in the middle; closing in' sub [CED: 311, 317; ESQET 980; Мудрак 2011: 682] | PFUg. *kunV 'belly' [UEW: 208; URALET 408] | PDr. *gund- 'heart' [DED_2: N^o1693; DRAVET 408] < PEurAs. **ku(j)I ( q-) 'belly; heart' [ND: N^o1078a; NOSTRET 1383; NIODET 306; Мудрак 2011: 682; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.48a].

 J.39. PKCh. *lɦʷaɣu-ʷ 'inferior jaw' [Мудрак 2000: 44; KAMET 296; Fortescue 2005: 326 (Chuk.); Мудрак 2008: 224]
 | PEsk. *-lu suff. of body parts [CED: 408] ('place or thing (for performing action)'); PAl. *-lu- suff. of anatomical terms (not only) [AD: 526 f.] | PUr. *luwe 'bone' [UEW: 254 f.; URALET 504] / *lɨxɨ [Janhunen 1977: 125; Sammallahti 1988: 538] | PDr. *el[u]m- 'bone' [DED_2: N^o839; DRAVET 324] | PKart. *laɣu-n- 'jaw; cheek' [KARTET_2 415] < PEurAs. **(HV)lVɣwV 'a k. of bone' [NOSTRET 507; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.10b].

 J.40. PKCh. *lula- 'eye' (PChuk. *əɫɫa- 'eye'; PKam. *lulъʷ  *lъʷlʷъ ( l), *'lul'  *'ilʷil', *'il-kin 'eye') [Мудрак 2000: 87; KAMET 393; Fortescue 2005: 163; Мудрак 2008: 129] (redupl.)
 | PFUg. *wElE 'understand; think' [UEW: 589; URALET 1193] | PNilg. *li 'eyeball; pupil (of the eye)' [MGE: 14] | PIE. *wel- 'see' [WP I: 293; Pokorny: 1136 f.; PIET 1451] | Elam. (m.) el-ti, (Ach.) el-te 'eye' < PEurAs. **ʔ/welV 'eye; see; be visible; understand' [ND: N^oN^o28, 2481; NOSTRET 837; Мудрак 2011: 300; Starostin in pr.: N^o13; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.25b].

 J.41. PChuk. *mir " ( i) 'saliva' [Мудрак 2000: 188; CHUKET 852]
 | PAlt. *miri ( -r-) 'water' [EDAL: 935 f.; ALTET 1335] | PEsk. *əməʁ 'water' [CED: 110; ESQET 563; Мудрак 2011: 248] | PUg. *mrV 'to dive' [URALET 1826], *marV 'to dive; to sink' [URALET 1822] | PSDr. *mar-ai 'rain' [DED_2: N^o4753; DRAVET 801], PDr. *murn- 'to be immersed; to sink' [DED_2: N^o4993; DRAVET 940] | PIE. *mar- 'sea' (in Germ. also `still water; marsh; lake' [PIET 735] | PKart. *mar- 'moisture' [ОСНЯ 2: N^o294] / *mre 'cloud; shower' [KARTET 674] < PEurAs. **mari, -u- 'liquid; moisture; to sink' [Долгопольский 1964: 1; МССНЯ: 334; ОСНЯ 2: N^o294; ND: N^oN^o1461, 1480; NOSTRET 59] ("despite [ND], not opposed anywhere and hardly separable:); Мудрак 2011: 248; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.83].

 J.42. PKCh. *'nu- 'to eat' (PChuk. *()u- 'to eat (also in comp.)'; PKam. *'nu- ( *'ъnu-, *'niʷ-) 'to eat, feed on') [Мудрак 2000: 100; KAMET 51; Fortescue 2005: 188 f.; Мудрак 2008: 144], deriv. *'nojo 'food; frozen fish' (PChuk. *oʒo 'food stock; food'; PKam. *'nozu, -e- 'frozen fish') [KAMET 1181]
 | PDr. *un- 'to drink; to eat' [DED_2: N^o600; DRAVET 1651] < PEurAs. **HUnV 'to eat' [Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.23c].

 J.43. PChuk. *peɣi= 'butt of gun; thigh' [Мудрак 2000: 193; CHUKET 1103; Fortescue 2005: 213]
 | PAlt. *biuk`i ( -k-) 'bow, bend' [EDAL: 360 f.; ALTET 185], cf. PTurk. *bok- 'cross (legs), bend (knees)' and WMong. boki- 'bend' | PIn. *uku-, *ukkuta- 'bend; bow body and head while folding; jacknife' [CED: 364; INUPET 1414; Мудрак 2011: 1025], cf. PYup. *ikiɣ- 'bent or stooped over' [CED: 124; YUPET 432; Мудрак 2011: 874] | PYuk. *poɣoi- ( ɔ) 'knee' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1832; JUKAET 958] | PIE. *bhgh- 'bend' [WP II: 145 f.; Pokorny: 152 f.; PIET 2067] < PEurAs. **buk(`)i 'bow, bend; > knee' [Иллич-Свитыч 1968: N^o12.12; МССНЯ: 336; ОСНЯ 1: N^o25; ND: N^o191; NOSTRET 92; NODET 218; Мудрак 2011: 1025; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.44b].

 J.44. PKCh. *qɣo 'mouth; hollow (in tree); orifice' (PChuk. *qacɣъ-n, -pъ-n 'hollow (in tree); slot, slit'; PKam. *qъshu 'mouth') [Мудрак 2000: 195 c. (Chuk.); KAMET 151; Fortescue 2005: 378 (Kam.); Мудрак 2008: 167 c.]
 | PAlt. *ki‰`u 'hole; mouth' [EDAL: 682; ALTET 805] | PIE. *g(')ewəs- 'gullet' [WP I: 555 f.; PIET 311] < PEurAs. **ka‰`[ɣw]V ( q-) 'mouth or throat cavity; gullet' [NIODET 329; NOSTRET 2053; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.56c].

 J.45. PChuk. *qarɨ- 'snore (with nose); windpipe' [CHUKET 1701]
 | PAlt. *gurgi 'palate' [EDAL: 573; ALTET 568] | PFV. *kurk(k)V 'throat' [UEW: 676; URALET 1359]; cf. PFP. *kerV 'throat' [UEW: 660; URALET 1319] | PDr. *kur- 'voice; throat' [DED_2: N^o1774; DRAVET 689], *Kor- 'neck; Adam's apple' [DED_2: N^o1645; DRAVET 743] | PIE. *gʷerw-, *gʷerkʷ-, *gʷergʷ- 'throat; neck' sub [WP I: 682 ff.; Pokorny: 474 ff.; PIET 1760], ? *g(ʷ)rw-- 'back of the head; withers' [WP id.; Pokorny id.; PIET 1761] < PEurAs. **[g]urV (-K/Q(w)V, -wV) 'swallow; throat' [МССНЯ: 335; ОСНЯ 1: N^o91; ND: N^oN^o656, 666, 679, 927, 931; NOSTRET 81 ("at least, 2 roots"); NIODET 926; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.58d].

 J.46. PKCh. *quli- 'voice; song' (PChuk. *quLi " 'voice; song; to ask for'; PKam. *kulʷъ- 'song; voice') [Мудрак 2000: 120; KAMET 288; Fortescue 2005: 241; Мудрак 2008: 117]
 | PEsk. *quliʁa- 'to tell about' [CED: 315; ESQET 1001; Мудрак 2011: 677 c.]; PEAl. *qululaʁ  *qulaluʁ 'war cry, signal by hollering' [AD: 335] | PYuk. *qoli- ( ɔ) 'sound, noise; rustle; make noise, clatter; whisper' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2050; JUKAET 549] | PIE. *(s)kʷAl- 'shout, whine' [WP I: 443 f.; sub Pokorny: 550; PIET 1555] < PEurAs. **k`Uli ( q`-, -l-) 'shout, tell; voice' [Fortescue 1998: 134, 140, 154; NIODET 363; Мудрак 2011: 678; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.71b]. 

 J.47. PKCh. *tъnva ( -) 'shoulder; arm' (PChuk. *tъnna  *ъnna 'paddle-oar'; PKam. *tъnъʷ-, *tъn'ʷъ- 'shoulder; arm') [KAMET 1244]
 | PDr. *dand- 'upper arm' [DED_2: N^o3048; DRAVET 269] | PIE. *dhen-er/n- 'palm (of hand)' [WP I: 853; PIET 205] < PEurAs. **dVnV 'upper arm; shoulder' [Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.37a].

 K. Material activity, instruments, food.

 K.1. PKCh. *'aɣʷ(ɨ)ta 'to flay' (PChuk. *aɣta # " 'stone scraper; flint, a material for making knives, axes; PKam. *'ъxʷitiʷ- 'to skin fish') [Мудрак 2000: 20; KAMET 565; Fortescue 2005: 25]
 b PYup. *avta- < *avta-  *vt- A  E 'flaying; to embowel; (womens?) work' [CED: 56; YUPET 6; Мудрак 2011: 851]
 | PAlt. *akt`V 'a castrated animal' [EDAL: 280; ALTET 2763] | PYup. *(ə)ɣat- < *(ə)ɣt- E 'to flay' [YUPET 377; Мудрак 2011: 862] | PFUg. *ktV- 'to cut off; to chop' [UEW: 23; URALET 38] / *kt- 'to cut' [Sammallahti 1988: 542 f.] < PEurAs. **ʔag(V)t`V 'to cut off; to chop' [NOSTRET 1825].

 K.2. PKCh. *'ajkola 'bed; a heap of things' (PChuk. *aʒkoLa 'bed'; PKam. *'ekel (-im) 'bed; a heap of things') [Мудрак 2000: 20; KAMET 714; Fortescue 2005: 16 f.]
 | PEsk. *aki-nt < *ki-nt 'pillow' [CED: 12; ESQET 1607; Мудрак 2011: 95] | PIE. *eje- 'to do, to make; to throw' (Lat. iaci, ic, iactum 'to throw', iace 'to lie') [WP I: 199, II: 460; Pokorny: 502; Tischler: 338 ff.; PIET 2862] < PEurAs. **ʔajV (-k`V) 'to lie; to throw'.

 K.3. PChuk. *aʒmak 'package, bundle; carcass; covering, overlay; test; crust' [Мудрак 2000: 154; CHUKET 56; Fortescue 2005: 17]
 | PAlt. *ma[k`]o 'wind (vb.); twist; bend' [EDAL: 897; ALTET 1263] < PEurAs. **ma(j)[k`](w)e 'wind (vb.); wrap'.
 NB. Cf. PAlt. *muk`e 'wrap (vb.); tie up'[EDAL: 949 f.; ALTET 1360] | PDr. *mUg- 'close (of a flower)' [DED_2: N^o4893; DRAVET 909] < PEurAs. **muk`V 'close; be wrapped up' [NOSTRET 1040].

 K.4. PKCh. *'ajməqə 'sauce; broth' (PChuk. *aʒməq 'sauce; goo'; PKam. *'emqu, *'equ 'broth (fat)') [Мудрак 2000:26; KAMET 569]
 | PAlt. *amo (-t`a, -sa) 'mouth; taste' [EDAL: 296 f.; ALTET 34] | PEsk. *amqə- < *amqъ- 'to bite' [CED: 16; ESQET 528; Мудрак 2011: 118 f.], *amʁu-(nt-a-) < *amʁo-(nt-a-) 'to gobble food; stomach of animal' [CED: 30; ESQET 1675; Мудрак 2011: 116] | ? PFP. *om(p)ra 'a k. of sour plant' [UEW: 718; URALET 1471] (*umra 'sorrel') | PYuk. *amlə- B 'to swallow' [Nikoleva 2006: N^o62; JUKAET 213] | PIE. *am-(r-) 'sour; tasting sharp' [WP I: 179; Pokorny: 777 f.; PIET 830] | Geor. xmev- / xmi- 'to taste; to drink' < PEurAs. **xamwV 'taste' [ND 1871; NOSTRET 876; Мудрак 2011: 116, 119].

 K.5. PKCh. *'akja- 'vessel; dish of birch bark' (PChuk. *ъkja-[pɣъ-n] 'buoy'; PKam. *'akin-sx 'vessel; dish of birch bark') [KAMET 587]
  b PYup. *aki- < *ki- E 'baidar; rain-coat (for the kayak)' [YUPET 128; Мудрак 2011: 837]
 ?f | PAlt. *k`ni 'ladle' [EDAL: 838 f.; ALTET 1159] | PFP. *kin (*kn) 'a k. of vessel' [UEW: 664; URALET 1330] < PEurAs. **k`onV ( q`-) ( **ʔak`nV?) 'vessel; ladle' [ND 1082; NOSTRET 1385].

 K.6. PChuk. *akta-  *aʒta- 'to screen, enclose, fence; gate' [CHUKET 1819]
 | PAlt. *kenta 'threshold; gate' [EDAL: 664; ALTET 2778] < PEurAs. **kentV 'gate'.

 K.7. PKCh. *'aljaɣʷu- 'to eat; juicy; sweet' (PChuk. *(a)lʒaɣ- (-ɣ) 'sweet; juicy; juice; palatable'; PKam. *‰'iɣʷi-zъ-, *‰'eɣʷi-zъ- 'sweet; tasty; to eat; to repleat') [Мудрак 2000: 28; KAMET 481]
 | PAlt. *iole 'food' [EDAL: 605; ALTET 641] | PEsk. *alu[]- (-unt) < *lu[]- (-unt) 'to lick; spoon; tongue' [CED: 20; ESQET 711; Мудрак 2011: 109 f.] | PFUg. *jOlV 'fat (of animal)' [UEW: 107; URALET 207] | PDr. *al- 'fat; strength' [DED_2: N^o291; DRAVET 37] < PEurAs. **[j]olV, -a- 'fat; (fat) food; to eat' [МССНЯ: 354; ОСНЯ 1: N^o123; ND: N^o34; NOSTRET 441].

 K.8. PChuk. *alpъnъ-n 'patch' [Мудрак 2000: 155; CHUKET 27; Fortescue 2005: 20]
 | PAlt. *lpo 'to cover' [EDAL: 502; ALTET 459] | PFUg. *aLV (*oLV) 'place for lying; to bed; spread' [UEW: 4; URALET 3] / *oodi 'bed' [Sammallahti 1988: 542] | PDr. *al- 'spread; to cover' [DED_2: N^o307; DRAVET 1931] < PEurAs. **ʔeLV (-pV) 'spread; to cover' [ND: N^o2615], [NOSTRET 18].

 K.9. PChuk. *aLLə- 'scraper; scrape; plane, rasp (vb.); sweep; broom' [Мудрак 2000: 155; CHUKET 33; Fortescue 2005: 32]
 | PAlt. *lV 'to scratch, rake; to row' [EDAL: 502 f.; ALTET 423] < PEurAs. **ʔel(H)V 'to scratch; to scrape'.

 K.10. PChuk. *amъ- 'sealskin: shoe made of sealskin, short with no fur' [CHUKET 1836]
 | PAlt. *emV(V) 'saddle; belt' [EDAL: 506 f.; ALTET 33] | PEsk. *ami- < *ame- 'hide, skin' [CED: 23; ESQET 681; Мудрак 2011: 116 f.] | PYuk. *emgə- 'belt made of raw deer skin; saddle (n., vb.)' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1639; JUKAET 562] < PEurAs. **ʔemV 'raw skin; belt; saddle' [Мудрак 2011: 116].

 K.11. PKCh. *'aqnɨ 'fishing rod; bait' (PChuk. *aqnɨ 'fishing rod; to fish (on rod); casting, hook for drawing out the walrus'; PKam. *'a'nъ- 'bait; hook') [KAMET 1056]
  Chukchean b PYup. *əkna-nəʁ < *əkn-nəʁ E 'taste' [YUPET 970; Мудрак 2011: 865]
 | PEsk. *iqja-ɣ < *iqja-ɣ 'to fish with hook; fish hook' [CED: 142 f.; ESQET 1445; Мудрак 2011: 318 f.] | PIE. *ank- (PIH. *H-) 'hook; sth. bent' [WP I: 60 f.; Pokorny: 45 ff.; PIET 46] < PEurAs. **ʔank`V ( H-, -q`-) 'hook' [Мудрак 2011: 318].

 K.12. PChuk. *arʁa " ( -ə) 'boiled fish; fish soup' [CHUKET 111], cf. *-er- 'to roast; to cook' [Мудрак 2000: 156; CHUKET 108]
 | PAlt. *obri ( -e) 'dawn' [EDAL: 1040 f.; ALTET 1580] | PDr. *er-i- 'light; to burn' [DED_2: N^o811; DRAVET 337] | PIE. *arew- (/ *arem-?) 'sun' [WP II: 358 f.; PIET 2280] < ? PEurAs. **ʔVwrV 'light; to burn' [ND: N^oN^o74, 2603; NOSTRET 279].
 NB. Cf. PDr. *aral- 'to burn; to grieve' [DED_2: N^o276; DRAVET 73].

 K.13. PChuk. *aRɨ- 'to unshoe, etc.' [CHUKET 1826]
 | PAlt. *ru 'trace; furrow' [EDAL: 592 f.; ALTET 687] | PUg. *jarV- 'to write; to draw; paint' [URALET 1780] | PDr. *ri- 'to pull; to drag' [DED_2: N^o504; DRAVET 451], cf. PSDr. *erut- 'to draw; to write' | PIE. *er- (PIH. *erH-) 'earth; arable land' [WP I: 142; Adams: 483; PIET 236] (if < *'furrow') < PEurAs. **ʔirV 'to pull; to drag, to draw' [МССНЯ: 368; ОСНЯ 1: N^o112; ND: N^oN^o69, 2647; NOSTRET 569].

 K.14. PChuk. *akama- 'stick with a forked edge, supporting from inside the covering of yaranga (Chaun); wooden steel' [CHUKET 1827]
  Metathesis < *akrama-.
 | PAlt. *kara(ma) 'thin stick, rod' [EDAL: 649; ALTET 728] | PSDr. *kar- 'stick for impaling' [DED_2: N^o1361; SDRET 1201] | PIE. *gʷerw- 'tree; stick; spear' [WP I: 689; Pokorny: 479; PIET 349] < PEurAs. **k(w)ar(H)V 'sharp stick' [ND: N^o1199; NOSTRET 1409].

 K.15. PChuk. *ab- 'to get a hole; junk' [CHUKET 123]
 | PAlt. *apo 'to wear out; to be spoiled' [EDAL: 308; ALTET 45] | PDr. *av-i- 'to press, subdue; to end, perish' [DED_2: N^o267; DRAVET 83] < PEurAs. **ʔapwV 'to press; to end up; to wear out; to be destroyed' [NOSTRET 987].
 NB. Cf. PAlt. *ebi 'to be weak; to wither' [EDAL: 490; ALTET 410].

 K.16. PKCh. *'ъ‰mъ- (*'ъmъ-) 'to wash' (PChuk. *ъtmъt- ( -m-) 'to wash (also clothes); to bath'; PKam. *‰ɨmlъ- 'to wash') [Мудрак 2000: 139; KAMET 358; Fortescue 2005: 289 f.]
 | PAlt. *imi 'to suck; to soak' [EDAL: 1328 f.; ALTET 2163] | PFV. *sme 'to gulp, drink; to drink; to swallow' [UEW: 773; URALET 1606] | PKZ. *sim- 'wet' [EWK: 317; KARTET 988] < PEurAs. **swimV 'to soak; to swallow' [МССНЯ: 335; ND: N^oN^o2065, 2066; NOSTRET 79].

 K.17. PChuk. *ъɣʒo " (*ъbʒo?) 'sling' [Мудрак 2000: 215; CHUKET 1366; Fortescue 2005: 334]
  Metathesis < *ъʒɣo.
 | PUr. *jje 'belt, girdle' [UEW: 90; URALET 166] / *wi [Helimski] | PYuk. *ejə- 'bow' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o421; JUKAET 262] | PDr. *j- 'to tie, bind' [DED_2: N^o5149; DRAVET 455] | PIE. *js- 'to gird' [WP I: 209; Pokorny: 513; PIET 1377] < PEurAs. **jaH(w)V 'belt' [МССНЯ: 356; ОСНЯ 1: N^o143; NOSTRET 463; NIODET 1019].

 K.18. PChuk. *ъɣnъ-(ta-) 'to bend (intr.); to cave in' [Мудрак 2000: 214 c.; CHUKET 1390; Fortescue 2005: 335]
  Enigmatic absense of *-k- in Chukchean.
 | PFP. *waka 'handle (of vessels)' [UEW: 814; URALET 1711] / *veka [Sammallahti 1988: 554] | *va- 'to bend' [DED_2: N^o5335; DRAVET 1732] | PIE. *wonk'- 'bent, curved; corner; hook' [WP I: 246; Pokorny: 1134 f.; PIET 49] < PEurAs. **wakV 'to bend' [МССНЯ: 336; ND: N^oN^o2503, 2504; NOSTRET 90].

 K.19. PChuk. *ъʒmɨ- 'to hang (tr.), suspend; to poke, thrust, shove; to push in, shove in' [Мудрак 2000: 176; CHUKET 537]
 Merger of two roots. The 1^st meaning 'to hang' is linked to
 | PAlt. *iume ( -o) 'to tie; strap, belt' (PMong. *(h)umaji- 'to tighten, shrink'; PTung. *(x)m- 'strap, tie; to girdle'; PKor. *umɨi- 'to pucker; to close up, shut up'; PJap. *əmpi 'belt') [EDAL: 617; ALTET 661] | PIE. *jem- 'to tie together, to join' [WP I: 207; Pokorny: 505; Adams: 490 f., 497; PIET 1374] < PEurAs. **jumV 'to tie; to hang' diff. [NOSTRET 129].

 K.20. PKCh. *'ъjpъ-, *'ъpjъ- 'to put on; envelope' (PChuk. *ъʒpъ- 'to put on'; PKam. *-ъp(s)i-nu-m 'envelope') [Мудрак 2000: 36; KAMET 595; Fortescue 2005: 122]
 | PAlt. *iope 'to cover; to wear' [EDAL: 607; ALTET 644] | PIE. *ow- 'to put on; to take off foot-wear' [WP I: 109 f.; PIET 1316] | PZan. *xw- 'to wrap; to cover; to bury' < PEurAs. **ʔojpwV  **jopwV ( x-) 'to cover; to wrap; to put on' [ND: N^oN^o1901, 2620; NOSTRET 684].

 K.21. PKCh. *'ъkvъ- ( *'ъkъ'm) 'cover, envelope; clothes' (PChuk. *-ъkbъ-n 'cover, envelope'; PKam. *'akɨwɨ-m 'border, edging, trimming') [Мудрак 2000: 73 f.; KAMET 232], cf. PKam. *qoɣʷ‰ɨ ( -ʷъ-) 'parka' [ITELET 237]
 | PAlt. *gebo 'shell; husk' [EDAL: 534 f.; ALTET 490] | PYuk. *qaba- 'bald' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1968; JUKAET 923] | PDr. *gavisen- 'case; cover' [DED_2: N^o1221; DRAVET 375] < PEurAs. **gebV 'cover; shell' [NOSTRET 1018; NIODET 339].

 K.22. PChuk. *ъkbo-t- 'to participate in sth.' [CHUKET 2029]
 | PAlt. *kup`V ( k`-, -o-) 'part' [EDAL: 744; ALTET 904] | PUr. *kupsa- (*kuksV-) 'to leave smb. without his share' [UEW: 214; URALET 420] | Geor. op- 'divide' < PEurAs. **q`Up`V 'to divide' [ND: N^o1927; NOSTRET 1523].

 K.23. PKCh. *'ъmɨ- 'to kill; to obtain, procure; booty, loot' (PChuk. *ъtmъ- 'to kill; carcass'; PKam. *'lime-, *'lɨmaz 'to kill; to hunt') [Мудрак 2000: 208 (Chuk.); KAMET 815; Fortescue 2005: 297; Мудрак 2008: 125]
 ?s | PAlt. *lemo (-k`V) 'to be lazy, negligent' [EDAL: 886 f.; ALTET 83] | PFP. *lama 'weakness; weak' [UEW: 684; URALET 1381] | ? PSDr. *nem- 'to crush; to squeeze' [DED_2: N^o2926; SDRET 2463] (contam. with PEurAs. **namV 'press; seize' [NOSTRET 129]?) | PIE. *lemə- 'break' [WP II: 433 f.; Pokorny: 674; PIET 2364] | Geor. lam- / lm- 'cause harm; be ill' (< PKart. *lam- / *lm-) < PEurAs. **lem(Hw)V 'to break; fragile' [МССНЯ: 339; ОСНЯ 2: N^o319; ND: N^o1602; NOSTRET 129].

 K.24. PKCh. *'ъɣɨ_- 'alder bark paint' (PChuk. *ъcɣɨ- 'get red (of alder bark when mading paint) '; PKam. *sxъʷn- (c) 'a hide pwinted with red alder paint') [KAMET 426]
 | PIE. *leuk- 'shine' [WP II: 408 ff.; Buck: 55, 60; Pokorny: 687 ff.; Friedrich: 126, 130; Adams: 556, 567; PIET 2341] < ? PEurAs. **luk`V ( l-) 'shine; bright colour'.

 K.25. PKCh. *'ъmɨla- 'to tan; to soften the skin' (PChuk. *ъmɫъ-  *ъmɫa- 'soft (skin); flexible; become flexible; dress skin'; PKam. *mel-: 'en-mel- 'dressed skin, blackened skin') [Мудрак 2000: 164 (Chuk.); KAMET 1158; Fortescue 2005: 182 (Chuk.)]
 | LMong. milmere- 'to grow weak, feeble' | PDr. *mel- 'slow; soft' [DED_2: N^o5078; DRAVET 834] | PIE. *(a)mal[a]- / -e-, *(a)ml- 'to soften; to weaken; soft; weak; tender' [WP II: 284 ff.; Pokorny: 716 ff.; Adams: 442; PIET 2200] < PEurAs. **ʔVmVlV ( -l-) 'soft; to soften' [ND: N^oN^o1407, 1412, 1413; NOSTRET 1448].

 K.26. PKCh. *'ъnjə- 'to prick, stick into' (PChuk. *ʒup- 'to stumble on; to stick on'; PKam. *'ъn'i- (nʡ) 'to put, set (vertically); to prick in, stab') [Мудрак 2000: 177 (Chuk.); KAMET 894; Fortescue 2005: 118], cf. PChuk. *aʒ-up- 'to prick, stick into; splinter; thorn' [Мудрак 2000: 154; CHUKET 39; Fortescue 2005: 29]
 | PIE. *nj- 'to sew' [WP II: 694 f.; PIET 2643] < PEurAs. **nVj(H)V 'to stick into'.

 K.27. PKCh. *'ъpa-a 'soup, broth' (PChuk. *'ъpaa, *'ъpa-t- 'soup, broth; to boil, cook; melted fat'; PKam. *-p'a: *p'aɣu-p'a 'boiled food') [Мудрак 2000: 37; KAMET 1015; Fortescue 2005: 347]
  b PYuk. *pu- B 'soup; to boil (tr., intr.)' [JUKAET 540] and PNiv. *pənɣ 'soup' [HDY: N^o1946], [NIVGET 1694], cf. [NIODET 582]. b PSam. *wenV 'meat or fish soup, broth' [Janhunen 1977: 174; Helimsky 1997: 665], PTurk. *bn (*bjn?) 'meat soup, fish broth' [ДТС: 352; EDT: 347; ЭСТЯ 2003: 89 c.; ТССДА: 130]. Cf. [Дыбо 2007: 138 c.].
  Cf. PKCh. *pu'ne'nə-m 'a dish made of crushed meat' (PChuk. *əpReRəm 'a dish made of crushed meat'; PKam. *pune- 'a dish of national kitchen') [KAMET 1289]
 | PAlt. *ep`o 'bread; food' [EDAL: 514; ALTET 441] | PDr. *ap-am 'a k. of cake' [DED_2: N^o155; DRAVET 57] | PIE. *eps- 'to cook' [WP I: 124; Pokorny: 325; PIET 1324] < PEurAs. **ʔep`V 'to cook, bake' [ND: N^o63; NOSTRET 1200].

 K.28. PChuk. *ъqmъt 'shed' [CHUKET 2155]
 | PAlt. *kme ( -o) 'mat, carpet' [EDAL: 717; ALTET 899] | ? PDr. *k^um- 'headpad; to carry (on head)' [DED_2: N^o2677; DRAVET 739] < PEurAs. **komV 'mat, pad'.

 K.29. PChuk. *ъRbъ- 'to cut, cut longwise; to chop (wood)' [Мудрак 2000: 200; CHUKET 1214; Fortescue 2005: 75]
 | PAlt. *orV 'to mow; hay' [EDAL: 1063 f.; ALTET 1585] | PSam. *wɨrə^- 'to scrape; to plane' [Janhunen 1977: 175] | PDr. *var- 'to scrape; to wipe' [DED_2: N^o5295; DRAVET 1726] | PIE. *rAwə- 'to tear apart; to break in pieces' [WP I: 351 f.; Adams: 537; PIET 2267] | PKart. *reɣw- / *rɣw- 'to destroy; to scatter' [Климов 1964: 158; EWK: 283 f.; KARTET 922; Klimov 1998: 156] < PEurAs. **ʔorɣwV 'to break; to scatter; to tear' [ND: N^oN^o1976, 2533, 2532; NOSTRET 972].

 K.30. PChuk. *ъra- 'to cut, cut open; to wound, cut os.; to carve a ditch; long, oblong' [Мудрак 2000: 204; KAMET 1176; Fortescue 2005: 73-74]
 | PAlt. *‰`aro 'to cut off, tear off' (PTurk. *‰ar 'whetstone; sickle; to whet'; PTung. *‰ari- 'to tear'; PKor. *‰arɨ- 'to cut off, chop off'; PJap. *tat- 'to cut, cut off') [EDAL: 418 f.; ALTET 274] | PYup. *carəmiʁ  *cajəmiʁ < *carъmeʁ  *cajъmeʁ A 'harpoon for seals' [YUPET 1448; Мудрак 2011: 854] | ? PFUg. *crke- 'to break; to ache' [UEW: 32; URALET 59] | PNDr. *car- 'to tear; to cut' [DED_2: N^o2416; NDRET 153] | PIE. *(s)kerə- 'to cut' [WP II: 573 f.; Adams: 168 f.; Tischler: 399 ff., 517 ff.; PIET 2503] | PKart. (PKZ.?) *ar- / *r- 'to cut' [Климов 1964: 255; EWK: 536 f.; KARTET 298] / *er- / *r- 'to cut, chop, fell' [Klimov 1998: 321] < PEurAs. **Car(H)wV 'to cut; sharp' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o53; ND: N^oN^o431, 435; Bomhard 1994: N^o156; NOSTRET 423; Мудрак 2011: 854].
 NB 1. Cf. PAlt. *‰`ire 'to cut; to scrape' (PTurk. *‰ert- 'to cut (off edges), make notches; to click; to pinch; to pinch (a musical instrument)'; PTung. *‰ire- 'to scrape off') [EDAL: 434 f.; ALTET 322] | PEsk- *cərəɣ- < *cərəɣ- 'to cut open through belly' [CED: 74; ESQET 1508; Мудрак 2011: 190] | PKart. *ur- 'to cut; to castrate' [EWK: 540; KARTET 311] < ? PEurAs. **‰`irV 'to scrape' [Мудрак 2011: 190].

 K.31. PChuk. *ъtɣarъ- 'to hack, hackle; to rasp with big chips' [CHUKET 2249]
 | PIE. *tek's- 'to hew; to trim' [WP I: 717; Friedrich: 204; Adams: 286; PIET 1796] < PEurAs. **t`Vk`I 'to hew; to hack'.

 K.32. PKCh. *'ъtʁa- 'to untie; to rip off' (PChuk. *ъtʁa- 'to rip off (fabric, body); to be in tatters'; PKam. *'ɨtxa-:  *'ъn-ɨtxa- 'to untie') [Мудрак 2000: 139; KAMET 134; Fortescue 2006: 302 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.)]
  Metathesis < *'ъqta-?
 | PAlt. *k`et[o] 'to tear apart; to rip' [EDAL: 785; ALTET 1019] | PDr. *k^ed- 'to perish' [DED_2: N^o1942; DRAVET 730] | PIE. *skeda- (-kh-) 'to split' [WP II: 558 f.; Pokorny: 918 f.; Adams: 157; PIET 2486] < PEurAs. **k`etV ( q`-) 'to tear; to split' [NOSTRET 809].
 NB. Cf. PAlt. *k`ad[u] 'to be worn out, destroyed' (PTurk. *KAdu- 'to stick in; sting; to sew'; PMong. *kidu- 'to slaughter; to destroy'; PTung. *xad- 'to be worn out; to become thin, fragile'; PJap. *kuntu-ra- 'to be destroyed; to break down') [EDAL: 753 f.; ALTET 958] and several others.

 K.33. PKCh. *'ъɦaqa 'breeching, breech-band; harness' (PChuk. *ъʁaqa 'breeching, breech-band; harness'; PKam. *sɦasqъ-mъ (s) 'breeching, breech-band') [KAMET 488; Fortescue 2005: 74]
 | PAlt. *‰`ak`a 'to wrap, tie' [EDAL 411; ALTET 275] < PEurAs. **c`ak`V ( c`-, ‰-, ‰`-, -q`-) 'to tie'.

 K.34. PKCh. *'ъvjat-, *'ъn-vъjat- 'to untie, unbind (tr., intr.)' (PChuk. *ъɣʒat- 'to untie, unfasten'; PKam. *jat-: *'ən'jat- (nʡ) 'to untie (tr.)') [Мудрак 2000: 215 (Chuk.); KAMET 908; Fortescue 2005: 332 (Chuk.)]
 | PIE. *wey[e]-, *wy-, *w-k'- (PIH. *weyH-) 'to twist; to weave' [WP I: 223 f.; PIET 1391] | PKZ. *xwe(w)- 'to embrace; to entwine' [KARTET 1193; Klimov 1998: 328] / *xw- [EWK: 548] < PEurAs. **xwej(H)V 'to twist, entwine' [NOSTRET 1718].

 K.35. PChuk. *caɣa- ( -ə-, -ɣ-, -ʁ-) 'fitting; to fit: to fall into disrepair; to discard, to throw away for worthlessness; to banish' [CHUKET 1833]
 | PAlt. *iak`u 'to pass, to fit' [EDAL: 1540; ALTET 2800] < PEurAs. **ʒak`V ( z-, -q`-) 'to pass, to fit'.

 K.36. PKCh. *‰aɣʷat 'lasso' (PChuk. *caɣat 'lasso; to lasso'; PKam. *‰uɣʷat 'lassp') [Мудрак 2000: 131; KAMET 795; Fortescue 2005: 43]
 | PAlt. *suba ( -o, -u) 'to tie, to bind' [EDAL: 1311 f.; ALTET 2142] | PUr. *sOwV 'belt, bridle' [UEW: 493; URALET 1008] < PEurAs. **sVwV ( c`-, -ɣw-) 'to tie; strap' [ND: N^o1009; NOSTRET 1538].

 K.37. PKCh. *‰alɦa- 'to press' (PChuk. *calʁa- ( a) 'to press'; PKam. *tilxe-, *‰ilxe- 'to fight; to chop a cutlet') [Мудрак 2000:: 157 (Chuk.); KAMET 838; Fortescue 2005: 43 (Chuk.)] 
 | PEsk. *caluɣ- < *cluɣ- 'to tan skin, to scrape skin' [CED: 66ESQET 1761; Мудрак 2011: 173] | PYuk. *cilkəa- 'to press, to crush (to kill lice); to pound; to crumple; to trample, to tread' [JUKAET 880] < PEurAs. **C/SVlHV 'to press' [NIODET 1064].

 K.38. PKCh. *'ə‰mə_kə- 'to wrap up; bundle' (PChuk. *cəmkə- / *cəmqə- 'to fold, to wrap up (intr.); bundle; wrapper, shell; muscle'; PKam. *‰'umk'ə- 'to wrap up') [Мудрак 2000: 158, Chuk.; KAMET 1035; Fortescue 2005: 52]
 | ?f PAlt. *‰`ak`a 'to wrap; to tie' (PTurk. *‰ak- 'to bind; fetters; harness'; PTung. *‰aK- 'to wrap up; to collect'; PKor. *‰ha- 'to wear on the belt'; PJap. *ta(n)k- 'to bind one's hair into a bun; to bundle together; to wear on the belt') [EDAL: 411; ALTET 275] < PEurAs. **c`a(m)k`V ( c`-, ‰-, ‰`-, -q`-) 'to wrap'.

 K.39. PKCh. *'əɣ‰ev- 'to wipe (tr., intr.)' (PChuk. *əʒteb- 'to wipe, to rub; towel, grass for wiping, napkin, rag'; PKam. *‰xa-nъm 'towel') [Мудрак 2000: 176, Chuk.; KAMET 650; Fortescue 2005: 125]
 | PFUg. *wa‰V 'to scrape, rub' [UEW: 549; URALET 1115] / *wica- 'to scrape' [Sammallahti 1988: 551, diff.] < PEurAs. **wV‰`w ( -cw-, -cw-) 'to rub; to wipe'.

 K.40. PKCh. *'əɦli-, *-lɦi-n 'steer, rudder; to steer; stick for chasing' (PChuk. *əlʁe-  *ъʁlɨ- 'steer; to steer, to hond the steer; stern'; PKam. *hъli- 'stick, post (for consolidation, for chasing)') [Мудрак 2000: 185 (Chuk.); KAMET 1166; Fortescue 2005: 166 (Chuk., incorr. Kam.)], cf. PKam. *sal'-lan ( l-) (lʡ) 'stern rudder' [ITELET 1346] = Kory. (E) javale-n (< javal-le-n) 'rudder'
 | PFUg. *ulke 'pole, post' [URALET 934] / PUr. *ulɨ, PFUg. *ulki [Janhunen 1977: 53; Sammallahti 1988: 536].
 Hypothetical is the further linkage to: PAlt. *ile 'to hang on (smth.), hang on hook' (PTurk. *l- 'to hang on (smth.); hook'; PMong. *elg- 'to hang on (sth.)'; PTung. *ol- 'hook (for hanging kettle); to hang over fire'; PKor. *ori 'a fishing hook with several barbs') [EDAL: 604 f.; ALTET 648] | PDr. *il-uk- 'to be sprained' [DED_2: N^o2702; DRAVET 437] | PKart. *ɣul- 'bent, crooked' [Климов 1994: 75; EWK: 403 f.; KARTET 457] / *ɣwl- 'bent, curved' [Klimov 1998: 227 f.] < PEurAs. **ɣilHV, -u- 'to roll' [NOSTRET 934, 1612].

 K.41. PKCh. *'əlaɣʷti 'to sail (on a canoe)' (PChuk. *'əlaɣtə 'bat, coupled dugout boats'; PKam. *'alъxʷ-se-, *t- 'to swim upstream') [Мудрак 2000: 31, Chuk. + diff. Kam.; KAMET 882]
 | PFV. *lajwa 'boat, canoe' [UEW: 682; URALET 1377] < PEurAs. **lawV ( -ɣw-) 'boat, canoe'.

 K.42. PKCh. *'əlɣ(ʷ)ele- 'to turn around' (PChuk. *əɫɣəɫe-  *əɫɣeɫə- 'to turn one's back; away, back; to roll over to the other side; to turn inside out'; PKam. *sixozъaʷ- (s) 'to turn around') [Мудрак 2000: 183, Chuk.; KAMET 707]
 | PDr. *val-ai- 'to turn; to surround' [DED_2: N^o5313; DRAVET 1711] | PIE. *(e)wel(w)e- (PIH. *H-) 'to roll; to twist' [WP I: 298 f.; Tischler 277 ff.; Adams: 588, 596; PIET 1455] < PEurAs. **ɣwelV 'to turn; to roll' [ND: N^o2477; NOSTRET 1612].

 K.43. PKCh. *('ə)ɣinə- 'to rummage; to seek pulling out' (PChuk. *ətɣirə- 'to pull out; to rummage; to search'; PKam. *(l)inlə- 'to look for lice') [Мудрак 2000: 207 (Chuk.); KAMET 822; Fortescue 2005: 292 (Chuk. + diff. Kam.)]
 ?s | PUr. *le(j)kka(-) 'rift, split; to cut, split' [UEW: 244; URALET 477] | PIE. *lak- 'to tear' [WP II: 419 f.; Pokorny: 674; PIET 680] < PEurAs. **lVk`V ( -q`-) 'to cut; to tear' [ND: N^o1292; NOSTRET 1425].

 K.44. PKCh. *'əmrə 'paint, dye' (PChuk. *əmRə ( -ʒ-) 'decoration; to decorate, adrn; decorated'; PKam. *'anza- 'dirt; paint, dye') [KAMET 1073]
 | PAlt. *meru ( -r-) 'spot' [EDAL: 915; ALTET 1286] | PDr. *mar- 'obscure; dirty; to fade' [DED_2: N^o4750; DRAVET 800] | PIE. *mor- 'dark, misty' [WP II: 279 f.; Pokorny: 734; PIET 761] < PEurAs. **merV 'dirt' [МССНЯ: 358, ОСНЯ 2: N^o288; ND 1471; NOSTRET 479].

 K.45. PKCh. *'ənju- ( -i'u-) 'to guard' (PChuk. *əʒu- 'to guard, protect'; PKam. *'inju- 'to guard') [Мудрак 2000: 65 c.; KAMET 466]
 | PAlt. *ni 'eye' [EDAL: 981 f.; ALTET 1473] | PFV. *wan- 'to see; to look' [UEW: 813; URALET 1710], cf. PSam. *no id. [ND: N^o1629] | PYuk. *nojdi- 'to guard, watch' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1480; JUKAET 690] | PSDr. *n- 'view; to notice; eye' [DED_2: N^o3794; DRAVET 1869], PDr. *un- 'to think' [DED_2: N^o727; DRAVET 1650] | PIE. *ney- 'to shine; to sparkle; [to see]' [WP II: 321, 336; Pokorny: 760; PIET 2226] | Geor. nax- 'see; find', PKZan. *naxu- 'to keep; to save' [KARTET_2 1667] < PEurAs. **nVj(x)V  (?) **ʔ/wVn(x)V 'eye; to see; to look' [ND: N^oN^o138, 1631, 1629 ("A lot of confusion that has to be sorted out."); NOSTRET 835; NIODET 259, 989; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.72].

 K.46. PKCh. *'ərɣ(ʷ)itu- 'whip; long pole for driving a team, sledges' (PChuk. *ərɣit- 'to shake, to whip; whip'; PKam. *'os(x)itu- 'stick, pole (for consolidation, for chasing)') [KAMET 1232; Fortescue 2005: 260 (Chuk. + diff. Kam.); Мудрак 2008: 150 f.]
 | PAl. *aɣilaɣ(-), *aɣi-l(a)ɣi- 'earthquake; to tremble by earthquake (the ground)' [AD: 12 f.], cf. Al. (E) aʁi-jx- (< PAl. *(h)aʁi-jɣ-) 'to shake, vibrate (e.g. house in strong wind or by earthquake; also of person)' [AD: 13] | PIE. *ergh- 'to shake, move, anger, be angry' [WP I: 147 f.; Pokorny:: 339; PIET 1340] | ?f PKart. *rex- / *rx- 'to beat, hit; to rock' [EWK: 286, 291; KARTET 930] < PEurAs. **HVRg(w)V 'to shake, tremble'.

 K.47. PKCh. *'ətɣiʷ '(fish) flour' (PChuk. *tɣin 'fish flour'; PKam. *txim 'flour') [Мудрак 2000: 166; KAMET 1261]
 | PAlt. *tugi 'to pound' (PTurk. *dg- 'to pound'; PMong. *tgsi- 'to thresh'; PTung. *dug- 'to hit, beat; to batter; to thresh'; PKor. *tih- 'to pound'; PJap. *tuk- 'to pound') [EDAL: 1381 f.; ALTET 2267] < PEurAs. **tugI 'to pound'.

 K.48. PKCh. *-ətɣʷe- 'to take off, undress; to peel off' (PChuk. *-ətbe- 'to do the action, counter to the producing base (to undress); to unshoe'; PKam. *-tuwa-l- 'to take off, strip away, denude; to peel off') [Мудрак 2000: 35 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.); KAMET 1159; Fortescue 2005: 424 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.)]
 | PDr. *tiv- 'to take out, remove' [DED_2: N^o3407; DRAVET 1548] | PIE. *d- (?) 'to dress; to take off' [WP I: 777 f.; Pokorny: 217-218; PIET 1870] < PEurAs. **tVwV ( -ɣw-) 'to dress / to remove, undress'.

 K.49. PKCh. *'əəme- 'to dip; to wash' (PChuk. *əme  *-me- 'to dunk, dip'; PKam. *limi- 'to wash') [KAMET 357; Fortescue 2005: 70; Мудрак 2008: 125]
 | PAlt. *omo 'to dive; to submerge; to scoop' (PTurk. *‰om- / *‰m- 'to dive; to swim; to scoop; to immerse, dip; scoop'; PMong. *‰omu 'scoop'; PTung. *om- 'deep; scoop; to pour water over oneself; to submerge, fall under ice'; PKor. *sam- 'to swallow; to penetrate'; PJap. *səma- 'to dip, dye') [EDAL: 1342 f.; ALTET 2193] | PIE. *swem(bh)- 'to be unsteady; to swim' [WP II: 524; diff. Pokorny: 1046; PIET 2445] < PEurAs. **swVmV ( w-, ‰`w-) 'to dive; to submerge' [NOSTRET 1760].

 K.50. PKCh. *'ə(ə)n'mə 'smoke hole' (PChuk. *ъno- " ( *ənu) 'smoke hole'; PKam. *linə-m 'lower hole of the yurt') [Мудрак 2000: 204 (Chuk.); KAMET 1115; Fortescue 2005: 71 (Chuk.); Мудрак 2008: 125 c.]
 | PAlt. *sano ( z-) 'hole; interval' [EDAL: 1230 f.; ALTET 1980] < PEurAs. **cVnV ( c-, -, -n-) 'hole'.

 K.51. PKCh. *'ə'nu- ( ə) 'to press' (PChuk. *ъRrъ- 'to press (down); to put on; to press'; PKam. *tiʷʡniʷ-k- 'to press; to clench') [Мудрак 2000: 24; KAMET 199; Fortescue 2005: 257: Chuk.], *'n-ə'nil- 'to put; to push, shove' (PChuk. *əiɫ-, *-iɫ- 'to put; to let; stand, shelf; to add'; PKam. *t'inil-, -s- 'to push; to stuff') [Мудрак 2000: 202 (Chuk.); KAMET 906; Fortescue: 257 (Chuk.)]
 | PKZ. *n- 'to press' [Klimov 1998: 314], *n-ex- 'to press' [Климов 1964: 252; EWK: 527 f.; KARTET 238; Klimov 1998: 315] < PEurAs. **c`VnV 'to press'.

 K.52. PKCh. *'əpe- 'stone pestle; hammer' (PChuk. *əpe-e 'stone hammer'; PKam. *sipe, *'ispe- (s) 'stone pestle') [Мудрак 2000: 129; KAMET 474; Fortescue 2005: 72]
 | PAlt. *‰`ap`a ( -u, -i) (-k`V) 'to chop; to hit' (PTurk. *‰ap- 'to beat, hit ; to attack, rob; chisel; hack, hoe, hatchet; to chop; to scythe, mow; to dig; to break; sharp; scythe; to whet, sharpen (a scythe); metal shavings after forging; trap; whetstone for sharpening scythes; to whip; to hack, adze; shavings; booty; currycomb'; PMong. *‰ab‰i- 'to chop; to mow'; PTung. *‰apka 'fish spear'; PKor. *‰ak- 'fish spear') [EDAL: 416 f.; ALTET 271] | PFUg. *cappV 'to hit; to chop' [UEW: 29; URALET 52] / (?) *cappi- 'to hit; to cut' [Sammallahti 1988: 29] | PSDr. *Savar- 'to rub in, apply oil' [DED_2: N^o2389; SDRET 2104] | PIE. *(s)kope- / *(s)kap[e]- (-ph-) 'to split; to break' [WP II: 559 ff.; Pokorny: 930 ff.; Adams: 194; PIET 2488] < PEurAs. **c`ap`V 'to chop' [МССНЯ: 361; ОСНЯ 1: N^o41; ND: N^oN^o347, 351; NOSTRET 503].

 K.53. PKCh. *ɣʷala 'knife' (PChuk. *ɣala 'knife; sheath',  *ɣala-ʒoɫɣə-n 'sheath'; PKam. *xʷal' (lʡ), *xʷan-sux ( *ɣʷ-) 'knife; sheath') [Мудрак 2000: 43; KAMET 299; Fortescue 2005: 323; Мудрак 2008: 217 f.]
  Cf. PChuk. *abəlqə- 'blunt; to get blunt' [CHUKET 127] with confix of negation *e-...-qə-.
 | PFUg. *wole- (*wle-) 'cut; shave' [UEW: 579; URALET 1174] | PYuk. *jool-dojcə- 'spear' [JUKAET 951] | PDr. *val-a- 'to cut; to be sharp' [DED_2: N^o5306; DRAVET 884] < PEurAs. **walV ( ɣw-, xw-, -lH-) 'to cut; sharp' [МССНЯ: 353; NOSTRET 424; NIODET 951].
  Cf. PNiv. *val- 'to hack; to cut' [NIVGET 1491].

 K.54. PChuk. *ʒъcca- 'to stretch o.s., to straighten bones; to rip (fabric, body, flesh)' [CHUKET 1933]
 | PAlt. *ub‰`V 'rump; behind; fish fin' [EDAL: 1481; ALTET 2720] | PEsk. *uvat ( -ɣ-, -r-) (-raɣ-) 'waist; buttocks; hind part of animal' [sub CED: 359; ESQET 1183; Мудрак 2011: 823 f.] | PFP. *wa‰V (*wo‰V) 'clavicle; shoulder' [UEW: 809], [URALET 1699] | PIE. *ost-i- (-th-) (PIH. *H-) 'bone' [WP I: 185 f.; Pokorny: 783; PIET 839] | Megr. oii 'back of the body' or PKart. *ɣa- 'jaw' [EWK: 386; KARTET 415; Klimov 1998: 222] < PEurAs. **HVw‰`(H)V  **HwV‰`(H)V 'bone' [ND: N^oN^o823, 731; NOSTRET 822; NIODET 37; ESQET 1183; Мудрак 2011: 823 f.; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.10a].

 K.55. PKCh. *'oɣpъ- ( ɦʷa-) 'needle for knitting nets' [Мудрак 2011: 152; KAMET 337; Fortescue 2005: 205]
  Old compound with PKCh. *'up- 'to stick in', q.v.
 | PAlt. *ok`a 'sharp point; to notch' [EDAL: 1046; ALTET 17] | PEsk. *əki (-liʁ-) 'to cut; to wound' [CED: 175, 103; ESQET 109; Мудрак 2011: 231]; cf. PEsk. *uki- 'hole; to get or make a hole' [CED: 363 f.; ESQET 1196; Мудрак 2011: 783 c.]; PAl. *uki-na- 'knife' [AD: 428], PAl. *uɣ-t- 'to prick (boil, swollen part of body); to bleed; to lance (with lancet, person)' [AD: 420], Al. (Atk.) uɣi- 'steep cliff' (in loc. names) [AD: 418] | PFenn. *okas 'prickle, thorn' | PYuk. *ekʷu- 'hole; (small) duct' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1605; JUKAET 6] | PGndw. *k- 'a k. of thorny tree' [DED_2: N^o338; GNDET 29], cf. PDr. *ogir 'claw; nail' [DED_2: N^o561; DRAVET 1103] | PIE. *ok(')- 'sharp' [WP I: 28 f.; PIET 23] | PKart. *hweḳ- 'sharp end' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o113; KARTET 477] < PEurAs. **hok`V 'sharp; sharp point' [МССНЯ: 353; ОСНЯ 1: N^o113; ND: N^o123; Bomhard 1994: N^o398; NOSTRET 242; Greenberg 2002: N^o18; Мудрак 2011: 783; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.61b].

 K.56. PKCh. *pəl-əku- 'to end, to finish' [Мудрак 2000: 109; KAMET 363; Fortescue 2005: 223]
  The 2^nd compon. is *ku- 'to end; to stop' [KAMET 362].
 || PAlt. *p`ule ( -i) 'be left; surplus' [EDAL: 1181 f.; ALTET 1851] | PEsk. *paɫə-ʁ- 'come to the end' [CED: 248; ESQET 417; Мудрак 2011: 531 f.] | PUr. *paljV 'thick; many' [UEW: 350; URALET 706] | ?f PYuk. *poj(u)- 'many' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1838; JUKAET 375] | PDr.*pal- 'many' [DED_2: N^o3987; DRAVET 1166] | PIE. *pele- / *pl- 'fill; full' [WP II: 62 f.; Pokorny: 798, 799 f.; PIET 2012] | Geor. u-pro 'more', pri-ad 'many' < PEurAs. **p`ul(H)V, -a- 'full; to fill; > complete; to finish' [Долгопольский 1964: 11; Иллич-Свитыч 1968: 10.3; МССНЯ: 348; ND: N^o1694, 1709, 1710; NOSTRET 385; NIODET 1137; Мудрак 2011: 531; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.5a]. 

 K.57. PKCh. *pъlkʷъ- 'metal; iron; copper' (PChuk. *pъlɣъntъ-n 'iron'; PKam. *pɨlka- 'metal') [Мудрак 2000: 110 f.; KAMET 90; Fortescue 2005: 223]
 | PAlt. *paluk`V 'hammer' [EDAL: 1077; ALTET 1617] | PIE. *pelek'- 'axe' [WP II: 46; PIET 881] < PEurAs. **paluk`I 'metal; (metalic) instrument' [ND: N^o1716; NOSTRET 1490; NIODET 1117; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.81]. 

 K.58. PKCh. *puje 'warmed up on fire or on vapour; roasted meat; soot' (PChuk. *puʒe " 'sooth; roasted meat'; PKam. *puje- 'to warm on steam') [Мудрак 2000: 114; KAMET 111; Fortescue 2005: 218]
 | PUr. *pwe 'hot; warm' [FUV: 6], *pjw 'sun; fire' [UEW: 360] (FUg.), [URALET 725; Janhunen 1977: 120; Sammallahti 1988: 540]) | PYuk. *əpoj-, *pəojə- 'suntan, state of spring air, that makes the face tanned or wind-beaten; dry up slightly; be apt to get tanned, be get wind-beaten; get tanned, get wind-beaten' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1841; JUKAET 1650] | PDr. *p- 'spark; embers' [DED_2: N^o4347; DRAVET 2109] | PIE. *pew[o]-, *pw- (-r/n-) (PIH. *peHʷo-) 'fire' [WP II: 14 f.; Pokorny: 828; PIET 859] | PKart. *px(w)- 'warm' [EWK: 366-367] < PEurAs. **p`aɣwi 'fire; hot; warm up (on fire), roast' [МССНЯ: 352; Bomhard 1994: N^o43; ND: N^o1671; NOSTRET 301; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.12e]. 

 K.59. PKCh. *qɨɣʷja- 'to boil' (PChuk. *qɨɣʒa- 'steam, vapor, evaporation'; PKam. *qew'i-, *qejwi- 'to boil') [KAMET 210; Мудрак 2008: 173]
  Cf. PChuk. *keʒi- 'cracklings' [CHUKET 1474].
 | PAlt. *keju ( k`-) 'to boil' [EDAL: 657; ALTET 751], deriv. in PAlt. *keju-r(ga) 'kettle' | PEsk. *qaju- 'blood broth; soup' [CED: 293 f.; ESQET 908; Мудрак 2011: 600] | PUr. *keje- 'to boil (intr.); to become ripe' [UEW: 143 f.; URALET 281] | PYuk. *qaa-lə- '(wood or purple willow) char; scorched; a scorched place' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1986; JUKAET 743] | PDr. *kj- 'to be hot; to be dry' [DED_2: N^o1458; DRAVET 548] < PEurAs. **k`ejwV ( q`-, -ɣw-) 'to be hot; to burn; to boil' [ND: N^o1238; NOSTRET 686; NIODET 898; Мудрак 2011: 600; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.93a]. 

 L. Mental activity, senses, religion.

 L.1. PKCh. *'aɦaqu- 'to recognize; to look in' (PChuk. *eʁequ- ( a) 'to look out; to look in'; PKam. *hiq, *haq til-k- 'to know; to recognize; to understand; to know how') [Мудрак 2000: 26; KAMET 688]
 | PAlt. *uk`u 'to understand; to look into' [EDAL: 1490 f.; ALTET 2503] | PEsk. *uki- < *uki- (> PIn. *ukki-ri-, *ukki-tə-) 'to stare at' [CED: 363; ESQET 1195; Мудрак 2011: 783] | PYuk. *gə- 'to give a glance; to look out; to look out for; to look leaning out' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1587; JUKAET 1225] | PNDr. *q- 'to know' (< PDr. *k-) [DED_2: N^o17; DRAVET 97], cf. *voj-k- 'to see' [DED_2: N^o987; KOGAET 1486] | PIE. *okʷ- 'eye' [WP I: 169 ff.; Pokorny: 775 ff.; Adams: 74 f.; PIET 822], cf. *euk- 'to be in the habit' [WP I: 111; Pokorny: 347; Adams: 514; PIET 1319] < PEurAs. **Huk`a  **Hak`u ( -q`-) 'eye; to see' [МССНЯ: 333; ОСНЯ 1: N^o118; ND: N^o125; NOSTRET 50; Мудрак 2011: 783; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.45b].

 L.2. PKCh. *'ajila- 'terrible; to be frightened' (PChuk. *aʒъlat- ( -lɣ-) 'to be afraid, to fear'; PKam. *‰'il-, *‰'ila-'l-, *'in-'ila- 'to play pranks; to frighten; terrible') [KAMET 1253]
 | PEsk. *ilu- < *ilu- 'wicked; evil; angry' [CED: 129; ESQET 1410; Мудрак 2011: 299 f.] | PYuk. *ilə- O 'to scold; to swear' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o560; JUKAET 495] < PEurAs. **(ʔV)jilV ( w-, -l-) 'to frighten; terrible' [Мудрак 2011: 299].
  Otherwise, Eskimo item is linked to ?f PAlt. *belV 'hysterics; panic; mourning' [EDAL: 338 f.; ALTET 119] | PUr. *pele- 'to be afraid' [UEW: 370; URALET 749] / *peli- [Janhunen 1981: 56; Sammallahti 1988: 539] | PTel. *pel- 'to fear, be alarmed' [DED_2: N^o4419; TELET 2182] (any linkage to PSDr. *pr- 'afraid; fear' [DED_2: N^o4419; SDRET 3708]?) < PEurAs. **belV 'to fear; to be scared' [МССНЯ: 331 f.; ОСНЯ 2: N^o377; ND: N^o1704; NOSTRET 27].

 L.3. PKCh. *'ajъ-, *'ajъ- 'debt' (PChuk. *aʒcъ(-) 'debt; to owe'; PKam. *'alat-ъt-, *'asitъt- 'to beg; to get, to receive') [KAMET 945; Fortescue 2005: 16 (Chuk.)]
 | PAlt. *i‰`V 'to hope; to see' [EDAL: 579 f.; ALTET 588] | PFenn. *eccV- 'to seek, to look for' | PIE. *ais- 'to look for' [WP I: 12; Pokorny: 16], [Tischler 395 f. (with crit.); PIET 1272] < PEurAs. **ʔajcV ( -‰-, -c-) 'to see; to search' [NOSTRET 853].

 L.4. PKCh. *'aua 'spirit; wisdom; god' (PChuk. *aa(a) 'spirit; god; idol; fabulous spirit; PKam. *'e(ʷ)'u 'wisdom; sage') [Мудрак 2000: 22, 155 (Chuk.); KAMET 1041]
 | PAlt. *V 'to think; to understand' [EDAL: 511 f.; ALTET 462] | PFUg. *aje 'brain' [UEW: 5 ('Schlfe'); URALET 5] / *aji [Sammallahti 1988: 542] | PDr. *en- 'to count' [DED_2: N^o793; DRAVET 328] < PEurAs. **ʔe(j)V, -a- 'to understand; brain' [UEW: 5; ND: N^o54, cf. N^o777; NOSTRET 672; Мудрак 2011: 130].

 L.5. PChuk. *ъca-t- 'to crack, to split (intr., tr.); splinter, shiver' [Мудрак 2000: 158; CHUKET 217; Fortescue 2005: 53]
 | PAlt. *‰`iau ( *‰`ioe) 'a sharp bone, sharp instrument' [EDAL: 439; ALTET 2770] | PEsk. *caHunəʁ ( --, -r-) < *caHonъʁ ( --, -r-) 'bone' [CED: 72; ESQET 541; Мудрак 2011: 168] | PFUg. *skV 'wooden nail, peg' [UEW: 435; URALET 892] | PSDr. *‰n- 'chizel' [DED_2: N^o2445; SDRET 2091] < PEurAs. **CaV 'splinter; sth. sharp' [ND: N^o2089; NOSTRET 1551; Мудрак 2011: 203].

 L.6. PKCh. *'ъɣ‰a- 'to save sth., spare; to leave food' (PChuk. *Ra-ʒta-- 'to spare sth. for sb.', PKam. *'an-xъ‰a- 'to save, leave food') [Мудрак 2000: 199 (Chuk.); KAMET 512], cf. *ъɣta-m- 'thrifty; to be stingy, sparing' [Мудрак 2000: 199 (Chuk.); CHUKET 397]
 | PAlt. *ka‰e 'to wish; to intend' [EDAL: 626; ALTET 693] | PFP. *kace- 'to see; to look; to notice' [UEW: 640; URALET 1270], PUg. *kecV- 'to follow the tracks' [URALET 1796] | PKZ. *qs- 'to remember' [Мудрак 2000: 267; EWK: 568; KARTET 855] < PEurAs. **qacV 'to notice; to intend' [NOSTRET 1706].

 L.7. PChuk. *ъɣLo " 'boredom; sadness' [Мудрак 2000: 166; CHUKET 342; Fortescue 2005: 89]
 | PAlt. *giolo 'to be unhappy, to endure' [EDAL: 555; ALTET 2655], cf. PTurk. *Kɨla-ɣu 'cattle illness' | PFUg. *kolja 'evil spirit' [UEW: 173; URALET 343] | PSDr. *gl- / *gr- 'grief, lament' [DED_2: N^o2252; SDRET 1939], cf. PDr. *gil-i 'fear' [DED_2: N^o1572; DRAVET 385] | PIE. *g'hal- 'wound; damage' [WP I: 540; Pokorny: 411; Tischler: 464; PIET 378] | PKZ. *gl- 'to weep, mourn' [Климов 1964: 63; EWK: 86; KARTET 383; Klimov 1998: 31] < PEurAs. **gil(H)V ( -o-) 'painful state, grief' [МССНЯ: 331, 337; ОСНЯ 1: N^o83; ND: N^oN^o612, 625; NOSTRET 17].

 L.8. PKCh. *'ъɦrъ- 'to cry' (PChuk. *(a)ʁRъ- ( *(a)qrъ-) 'to scold: to make cry' [CHUKET 2081]; PKam. *‰(')a-‰(')a- 'to cry, weep') [sub KAMET 1049]
 | PAlt. *oru 'to cry; to shout'  [EDAL: 1061 f.; ALTET 1582] | PDr. *jer- 'to weep, cry' [DED_2: N^o282; DRAVET 459] | PIE. *ar- (PIH. *a-) 'pray' [WP I: 182; Pokorny: 781; Tischler: 56, 73 f.; PIET 1360] | PKart. *ɣar- / *ɣr-, *ɣarɣar- 'to cry; to sing' [Мудрак 2000: 201; EWK: 385 f.; KARTET 422] < PEurAs. **ɣorV 'cry (vb.)' [МССНЯ: 345], [ND: N^o721; NOSTRET 217].

 L.9. PChuk. *ъlɣanɨ- 'to be unable, can not; to be wrong' [CHUKET 1541; Fortescue 2005: 161]
 | PDr. *negg- 'loose; weak; relaxed' [DED_2: N^o2923; DRAVET 1071] | ?f PIE. *(s)lg- 'soft; weak; to be soft, weak' [WP II: 712 ff.; Pokorny: 959 f.; Friedrich: 258 f.; PIET 2670] < PEurAs. **le(H)KV 'weak'.

 L.10. PKCh. *'ъlmal- 'to believe' (PKam. *ъɫmaɫ- 'confiding; obedient; to believe; to obey'; PKam. *limal- 'to believe') [Мудрак 2000: 88; KAMET 388; Fortescue 2005: 164]
 | PAlt. *lami 'convenient; helpful' [EDAL: 865 f.; ALTET 1399] | PDr. *nam- 'to believe' [DED_2: N^o3600; DRAVET 981] < PEurAs. **lamV 'to beleive; to help' [NOSTRET 1113].

 L.11. PKCh. *'ъvo-, *'ɨ_na-vo- 'to speak; to promise' (PChuk. *ъtbъ-, *ɨna-tb-at- 'to say, speak; to tell; to promise; word; express'; PKam. *lo-  *lʷъ-, *'an-lo- 'to speak; to promise') [Мудрак 2000: 129; KAMET 377; Fortescue 2005: 304; Мудрак 2008: 127 f.]
 | PIE. *lep- 'shout; mutter' [PIET 2360] < ? PEurAs. **lVPV 'shout; speak'.

 L.12. PKCh. *'ъmɨ- 'to play; to dance' (PChuk. *ъmlab- 'to dance'; PKam. *ma'-le- 'to play') [Мудрак 2000: 94; KAMET 610; Fortescue 2005: 182], cf. PKam. *maj'a- (-no) 'to play; to enjoy os., to make  merry' [ITELET 19]
 b PYuk. *imiʒee- 'to dance' [JUKET 689] and (?) PNiv. *im- 'to suffer the desease of imitation' [NIVGET 230], cf. [NIODET 191]
 | ? PAlt. *mebo ( -p-) 'to shamanize; to dance' [EDAL: 907; ALTET 1269] | PIE. *(a)mewə- 'to move; to drive' [WP II: 252 f.; Pokorny: 743; Adams: 463; PIET 2152] | PKart. *mqw- 'to fall; to fall over' [EWK: 256 f.; KARTET 706] / *nqw-  [Климов 1964: 149] < PEurAs. **(H)mVqwV 'move; push' [ND: N^o1455; NOSTRET 118].

 L.13. PKCh. *'əme- 'to punish' (PChuk. *əmce- ( a) 'to fear from experience, get a lesson; to beware, guard o.s.; to teach a lesson, punish; to train, tame; to intimidate'; PKam. *'ɨmzъ- 'to punish') [Мудрак 2000: 186 (Chuk.); KAMET 1078; Fortescue 2005: 180 (Chuk.)]
 | PAlt. *mole 'sick; weak' (PTurk. *bl- 'to be destroyed, ruined; to destroy'; PTung. *mul- 'to fall ill; weak, tired'; PKor. *mɨra- 'soft; weak'; PJap. *mərə- 'fragile') [EDAL: 941 f.; ALTET 1344] |  PFUg. *m[o]lV 'little' | PDr. *ml- 'to die; to destroy' [DED_2: N^o4831; DRAVET 820] | PIE. *(s)mal- / -e- 'malicious, liar' [WP II: 291; Pokorny: 719 f.; PIET 769], *(s)ml- 'small' [WP II: 291; PIET 778] | ?s PGZ. * mal- 'to hide, hide oneself' < PEurAs. **mol(H)V 'bad; sick; weak' (> 'small') [ND: N^oN^o1402, 1405; NOSTRET 790].

 L.14. PChuk. *ъmraʒ- 'to be satisfied; luck' [CHUKET 857]
  b PYuk. *maar- ( --) 'lucky; happy; luck; happiness; to wish happiness to sb.' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1155; JUKAET 996] and PNiv. *amra 'luck' [NIVGET 2276], cf. [NIODET 420].
 | ?s PAlt. *miore ( -r-) 'to long, show affection' [EDAL: 929; ALTET 1318] < ? PEurAs. **morI ( -r-) 'to long; to be lucky'.

 L15. PChuk. *ъnpa- 'clumsy, awkward' [CHUKET 2252]
  Metathized < *ъp-na-?
 | PAlt. *op`a(rV) 'to wear out, be wasted, have a bad look' (PTurk. *op-ra- 'to wear out (intr.), decay'; PMong. *(h)obur '(bad) appearance; arrogance'; PTung. *(x)upara- 'to neglect, mistake'; PJap. *ampu- 'to waste, discard, throw away; to suffer a loss, roam in a wasted state') [EDAL: 1057; ALTET 1576] | PIE. *p[e]- 'ill; weak' [WP I: 47; Pokorny: 52; Adams: 17; PIET 1283] < PEurAs. **ʔop`V 'weak; exhausted' [NOSTRET 1164].

 L.16. PKCh. *'ъpъl-  *'ъʷpъl- 'new, report' (PChuk. *ъpъɫ-, *pъɫъ- 'to speak, talk; new, report; to ask, question; to bring news'; PKam. *'ampela- 'to announce; report') [KAMET 989]
 | PYuk. *pundu- (-n-) B 'to speak about; to retell, tell; to talk scandal, set a rumour afloat' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1938; JUKAET 925] | PDr. *pan-  *pan- 'command; speak; send' [DED_2: N^o3887; DRAVET 1178] < PEurAs. **pVV ( p`-) 'speak'.

 L.17. PChuk. *ъqRaq- 'to call to fight, to compete' [CHUKET 2185]
 | PAlt. *kero 'to fight; to kill' [EDAL: 671; ALTET 773] | PFUg. *karV- 'to be afraid, scared' [UEW: 129; URALET 250], *kira- 'to swear' cf. [UEW: 220], [URALET 316] / *kira- [HPUL: 543] | PDr. *kir_- 'anger; angry; displeased' [DED_2: N^o1597; DRAVET 600] | PIE. *kar(w)- 'to offend; to punish' [WP I: 353; Pokorny: 530; PIET 1494] | Geor. ḳrul- 'to curse, to damn', ḳriv- 'to box, to fight with fistes' < PEurAs. **KVr(w)I 'anger; fight' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o172; ND: N^oN^o657, 1124; NOSTRET 630].

 L.18. PChuk. *ъrɫъ-tɨl-, *rъɫ-tɨl- 'to lie, lie about' [Мудрак 2000: 201 f.; CHUKET  1125; Fortescue 2005: 256 (+ incorr. Kam.)]
 The 1^st part is a var. of PChuk. *ъlъ-, *Rъl-ɣal- ( -ɫ-) 'to lie, lie down; to lie (of animals); to crawl into' (< PKCh. *olo-  *'olo- 'to lie', cf. N^oA.32);
 the 2^nd, PChuk. *-tɨl- *'to fall (from above)' (< PKCh. *tɨl- 'to fall', q.v.).

 L.19. PChuk. *ъrɨna- 'to visit; to look out, look in' [Мудрак 2000: 204; KAMET 1178; Fortescue 2005: 74]
 | PIE. *sterg- 'to love' [WP II: 642; Pokorny: 1032; PIET 2582] | PKart. *ir- 'to need, have a need' [Климов 1964: 255; EWK: 539 f.; KARTET 305] < PEurAs. **‰`IrV ( -r-) 'to care' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o56; ND: N^o432; NOSTRET 164].

 L.20. PKCh. *'ə‰kej-u- 'thought; mind, inetlligence; to find; to think' (PChuk. *əckeʒ-u- 'mind, intelligence; thought; clever; to recover; life force; to think'; PKam. *'i‰ikiʷ-k- 'to find') [Мудрак 2000: 83 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.); KAMET 1200]
 | PAlt. *sik`a 'to think; to worry' [EDAL: 1265 f.; ALTET 2038] | PFP. *oke- 'to say, speak' [UEW: 786; URALET 1640] | PIH. *sekʷ- 'to see, to notice' [WP II: 477 ff.; Pokorny: 897-898; PIET 2404] (+ Hitt. sakuwa n. pl. 'Augen', sakuwai- (I) 'sehen, blicken' [Friedrich: 177]), (?) PIE. *sekʷe-, *skʷ- 'to tell, talk' [ibid.; PIET 2403] < PEurAs. **cVk`V ( c-, -, -q`-) 'to see; to know' [ND: N^oN^o2030, 2152, 2191NOSTRET 851].

 L.21. PKCh. *'əɣji_n-e- 'to aspire, strive; lustful, lubricous; gambling' (PChuk. *əɣʒin-, *əɣʒiRe- 'to caress, snuggle up; lascivious; gambling; to strive to fish / hunt'; PKam. *xanl- 'to woo; to marry') [Мудрак 2000: 165 (Chuk.); KAMET 1160; Fortescue 2005: 87 f. (Chuk. + diff. Kam.)]
 | PTurk. *on- 'to thrive, prosper' | PFL. *(w)onne 'luck' | ?m PDr. *va(j/)- 'desire, longing' [DED_2: N^o5257; DRAVET 1945] | PIH. *wen- 'to wish, to love' [WP I: 258 f.; Pokorny: 1146 f.; Adams: 601 f.; PIET 1425] (+ Hitt. wen-, went- (I) `futuere' [Friedrich: 252]) < PEurAs. **(ɣ)wVnV 'to wish, to seek for (sexually)' [ND: N^o2495; NOSTRET 1617].

 L.22. PKCh. *'əɦjiv- 'known; name' (PChuk. *əɣʒib- 'to be known'; PKam. *hela-  *haʷlɦe 'name') [Мудрак 2000: 165; KAMET 522; Fortescue 2005: 88; Мудрак 2008: 57]
 | PYuk. *ki-ri-jə- (--) 'name; to name' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o837; JUKAET 479] | PIE. *g'haw[a]-, *g'hw[]- 'to call' [WP I: 529 f.; Pokorny: 413 f.; PIET 1628] < PEurAs. **gijwV  **ʔVgijwV 'to call' [NIODET 301; NOSTRET 1802; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.57b].

 L.23. PKCh. *'əɦrəɦə 'wrong; sinful' (PChuk. *ʁəRʁə- (ə) 'false, lying; to lie (tell lies)'; PKam. *'‰'ahi-l- 'sin; (pagan) feast') [KAMET 1165; Fortescue 2005: 273 (Chuk.); Мудрак 2008: 35]
 | PAlt. *ra 'to go astray, mistake' [EDAL: 520 f.; ALTET 465] | PPerm. *er 'to be destroyed' | ? PSDr. *ir_- 'to die; to extinguish' [DED_2: N^o5298; SDRET 465] (but foll. G. Starostin, to PDr. *ed_- 'to go beyond, transgress' [sub DED_2: N^o515; DRAVET 2145]) | PIE. *er(e)-, *r- 'friable; thin' [WP I: 142 f.; Pokorny 332 f.; PIET 1334] < ? PEurAs. **ʔerHV 'to go beyond; to make a mistake, be wrong' [МССНЯ: 359; ОСНЯ 1: N^o107; ND: N^o779; NOSTRET 486].

 L.24. PKCh. *'əji- 'to prepare (intr.), to get ready; to become, to turn to' (PChuk. *'əʒit- 'to mature; to get ready, to prepare (intr.); to become'; PKam. *'azil-: *lin-'azil-, -s- 'to prepare' (*lin- caus. pref.) [KAMET 616]
 ?s | PAlt. *ilkV 'to hope; to believe' [EDAL: 585 f.; ALTET 594] | PAl. *ilɣa- 'to search, look for' [AD: 194] | PFUg. *vLV 'to wish, desire' [Collinder 1955: 122] | PDr. *vl-r- (?) 'to wish, want; pleasure' [DED_2: N^o5528, part.; DRAVET 1787] | PIE. *(e)welə- 'to choose; to wish' [WP I: 294 f.; Pokorny: 1137 f.; PIET 1452] < PEurAs. **wiLxV 'to wish' [МССНЯ: 340; ND: N^o2475; NOSTRET 146].

 L.25. PKCh. *'əlɣʷi 'to know; truth; really' (PChuk. *əɫɣi, *əlɣi 'real; valid; truth; very (usually in compl.); to know (intr., tr.)'; PKam. *liʷɣi ( *'ilɣʷi) 'real; valid; very') [Мудрак 2000: 79 f.; KAMET 390; Fortescue 2005: 162, Chuk. + diff. Kam.], cf. PKam. *lili 'truth; true' [ITELET 1569]
 | PAlt. *ali 'to know; to listen, hear' [EDAL: 293; ALTET 26] | PFP. *lw 'understanding, mind; to understand, percieve' [UEW: 609; URALET 1210] | PD *l- 'to hear, listen' [DED_2: N^o383; DRAVET 1859] < PEurAs. **Hal(Hw)V 'to know, understand, believe' [ND: N^o128; NOSTRET 647].

 L.26. PKCh. *('ə)lpuɦə- 'order (of sth.); barter' (PChuk. *lpuʁəRə- (*lpuɣəRʁə- ( -b-, -ɣ-, -ʒ-, u)) 'change, barter; instead; to change, replace'; PKam. *lipele- 'to order') [KAMET 1259; Fortescue 2005: 218 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.)]
 | PAlt. *ulbo  *ulo ( -l-, -u, -o-, iu- -o) 'to change' [EDAL: 1493; ALTET 2509] < PEurAs. **ʔUlbV ( -l-) 'to change'.

 L.27. PKCh. *('ə)ɦu- 'to like, to love' (PChuk. *cʁələ-  ( tʁ-, ə?) 'to love, to like; love; friendly' (< "cʁə-əɫə-); PKam. *xu-tʷa-la-, *('ъ)lxʷu-tʷa-la- ( -lxʷ-) 'to like, to love') [Мудрак 2000: 209 (Chuk.); KAMET 1212]
 | PDr. *ol- / *val- 'to love; to desire; sth. possible' [DED_2: N^o1006; DRAVET 1110] < PEurAs. **HVlV 'to wish; to love'.

 L.28. PKCh. *'əə-  *eə- 'to laugh' (PChuk. *teə- ( a) 'to laugh; to mock'; PKam. *liʷ ", *lii- ( *sii-k-) 'laugh; to laugh') [KAMET 356; Fortescue 2005: 280 f.; Мудрак 2008: 126-127]
 | PKZ. *lxen- / *lxin- 'to be satisfied' [EWK: 223; KARTET 661] < EurAs. **lVxV 'to be satisfied, glad'.

 L.29. PKCh. *'ən'ɣulev- 'to learn, get to know' (PChuk. *əɣʒuɫe-t/b-, *əʒɣuɫe-t/b- 'to know; to learn, get to know; to learn (to know); to teach, edify'; PKam. *'inɣili- ( *'enɣъle-) 'to learn, get to know; to feel out') [Мудрак 2000: 39 (Chuk. + diff. Kam.); KAMET 608; Fortescue 2005: 88 (Chuk.)]
 ?s | PAlt. *gela 'to search; to hunt' [EDAL: 537; ALTET 494] | PIE. *gʷhel-, *ghel- 'to want, wish' [WP I: 692; Pokorny: 489; PIET 1770] < PEurAs. **gelV, -u- 'to wish; to search' [ND: N^o614; NOSTRET 1313].
  Cf. PDr. *kal_- 'to learn' [DED_2: N^o297; DRAVET 489].

 L.30. PKCh. *'(j)ivu- 'to speak; to tell' [Мудрак 2000: 57; KAMET 465; Fortescue 2005: 105 (Chuk.)], PChuk. *əʒbit 'order; to order' [Мудрак 2000: 176; CHUKET 577]
 | PAlt. *ip`i ( -p-, -e) 'mouth; to say, speak' [EDAL: 589 f.; ALTET 606] | PEsk. *pi(j)-, *pi-ru- 'to say' [CED: 258 f.; ESQET 670; Мудрак 2011: 558 f.]; PEAl. *hi- 'to say, utter; to quote (proverb); to tell; to tell, order; to call, summon (people)' [AD: 167 f.] | ?f,s PFUg. *apta- (*opta-) 'to bark' [URALET 22] / PFP. *optV- [Sammallahti 1099: 552] | PSDr. *v- 'to command' [DED_2: N^o909; SDRET 798] | PIE. *pAjə- 'to sing' [PIET 3015] < PEurAs. **Hip(`)V ( j-)  **p(`)VjHV 'to say, speak; to sing' [ND: N^o60; NOSTRET 682; ESQET 670; Mudrak 2008: N^o136; Мудрак 2011: 559; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.56a].

 L.31. PKCh. *kəvlə- ( *kəɣʷlə-) 'to whirl, spin, turn; to turn round; round; wheel' (PChuk. *kəɣLə- 'to twirl, spin; wheel'; PKam. *k'iləʷ-, *k'iɣʷli-t- 'to twirl; wheel') [Мудрак 2000: 73; KAMET 251; Fortescue 2005: 156; Мудрак 2008: 102], cf. PChuk. *kəɣL-(uk) 'round in shape' [CHUKET 1811].
 | PAlt. *k`ulo (-bV) 'to roll; to turn' [EDAL: 850; ALTET 1141], PAlt. *k`iuli 'to wind; to plait' [EDAL: 817; ALTET 1079] | PYup. *kəli-(t-)  *əkli- 'to twist' [ESQET 1971; Мудрак 2011: 888] | PUr. and PYuk. contaminate with PEurAs. **gulV ( -l-) 'to go; to walk', cf. N^oA.92c | PDr. *Kul- 'to turn' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o202] | PIE. *kʷele- 'to move around; to drive (the herd)' [WP I: 514 f.; Pokorny: 639 f.; PIET 1620], *kʷel- 'wheel' [WP I: 514 f.; Pokorny: 639 f.; PIET 602], *k(ʷ)Alb(h)- (OGr. ko/llaboj 'wheat bread' b Thrac.?; Russ. колоб 'round cake') | ? PKZan. *ḳwer- 'round; flapjack; ball shaped paste, scone' [Климов 1964: 110; EWK: 198; KARTET 620] / *ḳwerḳwer- 'round object' [Klimov 1998: 93] < PEurAs. **k`ulV  **k`VwlV 'to turn; to roll, wind' [МССНЯ: 332, 345 c.; ОСНЯ 1: N^o202; ND: N^o1054; NOSTRET 35; NIODET 1416; Мудрак 2011: 888; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.69a].

 L.32. PKam. *peɣ^we-  *beɣ^we- 'to roar (of bull, of bear)' [ITELET 1551]
 | PAlt. *pgo 'distressed, restive' [EDAL: 1107; ALTET 1692], cf. PMong. *baɣabaɣaj 'bear' (b?) | PYup. *paɣuk-naʁ < *pɣuk-naʁ E 'grizzly bear' (+ Sir. paxkənəʁaʯ) [CED: 252; YUPET 1300; Мудрак 2011: 910] | PDr. *pok- 'to speak; to cry' [DEDR: N^o4233; DRAVET 1311] | PIE.: Lit. bgti, bgstu 'to be afraid', baugus 'fearful'; Rus. пугать, пужать (-аю), Byel. пужаць 'to frighten, scare' [Фасмер 3: 399 f.], cf. Rus. бука 'elder, warden, chief; boggart for naughty children' [Фасмер 1: 235 f.] < PEurAs. **pugV 'to roar (of bear or sim.); > to be afraid; to frighten' [Мудрак 2011: 910].

 L.33. PKCh. *qal-ɣə- ( k-) 'shout' (PChuk. *qalɣV- 'to cry; to wheeze'; PKam. *kel- 'to shout') [Мудрак 2000: 115; KAMET 264; Fortescue 2005: 389 (only Kam.)]
 | ? PEsk. *qalʁu/i-ʁ- 'make characteristic sound (animal)' [CED: 279; ESQET 846; Мудрак 2011: 605] (b KCh.?), PIn. *qali-u- 'growl' [CED: 272; INUPET 968; Мудрак 2011: 1007], PEsk. *qalma-ʁ- 'lure; call; flirt' [CED: 279; ESQET 847; Мудрак 2011: 606]; Al. (Atk.) qalʁi-mix-s 'clear one's throat' [AD: 303] | PIE. *(s)kale-, *kl- / *kl- 'shout; call' [WP 1: 443 f.; Pokorny: 458 ff.; PIET 1554] | Geor. ḳel- 'raise shouts' < PEurAs. **k`al(H)V 'call; shout' [Долгопольский 1964: 18; МССНЯ: 336 c,.; ОСНЯ 1: N^o221; ND: N^oN^o1049, 1053, 1039; NOSTRET 95; Мудрак 2011: 659, 922; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.57a].

 L.34. PKCh. *'uq'ra- 'to cry; to shout' (PChuk. *ъqra- 'to shout'; PKam. *'uq‰'- 'to cry') [sub KAMET 1049]
 | PAlt. *k`ro 'to shout; to speak' [EDAL: 781 f.; ALTET 1024] | PFUg. *ker- 'to ask' [UEW: 149; URALET 291] | PDr. *kr- 'to shout; to crow' [DED_2: N^o1960; DRAVET 586], cf. *kr_- (-d_-) 'to cry; to call' [DED_2: N^o1590; DRAVET 610] | PIE. *kar[a]-, *kr[]- 'to shout; to praise' [WP I: 353 f.; Pokorny: 530 f.; PIET 1495] | PKart. *ḳir- / *ḳil- 'to shout' [KARTET 571] / *ḳi- [Кдимов 1964: 112] / *ḳiw- [EWK: 201 f.] < PEurAs. **ḳer(w/H)V 'to shout; to call' [МССНЯ 342; ОСНЯ 1: N^o199; ND: N^o1150; NOSTRET 174].

 M. Verbs of state, of motion.

 M.1. PKCh. *'ajpə- 'to close' (PChuk. *aʒpə-, *aʒp-i- 'to close; to block; to cover; wind-fence; dam'; PKam. *'ejpu- 'to close; to cover') [ЭСЧКЯ: 154 (Chuk.); KAMET 570]
 | PAlt. *apV 'to take' [EDAL: 309; ALTET 47] | PIE. *ap- 'to clench; to tie round' [WP I: 46; Pokorny: 50 f.; Tischler: 107 f.; PIET 1282] | PKZ. *up- 'to possess' [Климов 1964: 186; EWK: 346; KARTET 1131; Klimov 1998: 96] < PEurAs. **ʔajpV, -u- 'to take; to seize' [ND: N^o69; NOSTRET 1199].

 M.2. PKCh. *'alɦik- 'to dive, to plunge' (PChuk. *aɫʁik-at- 'to bathe; to swim (of humans); to dive upside down'; PKam. *'ъl'e-k- 'to reach from below, from water') [KAMET 578; Fortescue 2005: 20]
 | PAlt. *lV 'to scratch; to rake; to row' [EDAL: 502 f.; ALTET 423] | PEsk. *aɫuʁ-  *aɫuʁ- < *aɫoʁ-  *aɫoʁ- 'to dive into water' [CED: 33; ESQET 1680; Мудрак 2011: 111 f.] | ? PDr. *al- '[to sprinkle]; to bail out' [DED_2: N^o305; DRAVET 36] (contam. of 2 roots?) < PEurAs. **ʔelHV 'to rake; to row; to swim' [Мудрак 2011: 111].

 M.3. PKCh. *'alɦʷati- 'to creep' (PChuk. *elɣeti-et- ( a) 'to creep; to crawl on all fours'; PKam. *lxeti-: *'la-lxeti- 'to creep' (with *'il-, *'isi- ( -iʷ-) 'to go; to walk; to part')) [KAMET 582; Fortescue 2005: 33]
  Metathesis?
 ?f | PDr. *val-i 'creeper, liana' [DED_2: N^o5316; DRAVET 1712], PSDr. *val-ai 'k. of plant (creeping bindweed Ipomoea aquatica)' [DED_2: N^o5319; SDRET 4436] | PIE. *(e)wel- 'a k. of  creeper; tendril' [WP I: 298 f.; PIET 1457] < PEurAs. **HwalV 'to creep'.

 M.4. PKCh. *'a- 'to lie down; to lie' (PChuk. *ac-cъʁat- 'to lie down; to lie; to fall'; PKam. *'ъl'i- (lʡ) 'to lie down; to lie down (for a while)') [Мудрак 2000: 21; KAMET 553; Fortescue 2005: 15]
 | PTurk. *ast- 'down' | PEsk. *aci < *ci  *ace- 'area below; downward' [CED: 3, 47; ESQET 570; Мудрак 2011: 68 f.] | PUr. *ecV- 'to fall' [UEW: 71; URALET 129] / PFUg. *esk [Sammallahti 1988: 541] | PIE. *s- (PIH. *-) 'to sit' [WP II: 486; Pokorny: 342 f.; Tischler: 75, 77, 110 f.; 79; Friedrich: 191; Adams: 58, 654; PIET 2411] < PEurAs. **ʔacV 'down; > to lie; to sit; to fall' [NIODET 1233; Мудрак 2011: 68].
 NB. Cf. PAlt. *u‰`o 'to fly; to fall' [EDAL: 1483; ALTET 2484].

 M.5. PChuk. *apaqə- '(to lie) prone; to crawl (in)' [CHUKET 94]
 | PAlt. *boke 'to lie in ambush' [EDAL: 370 f.; ALTET 186] | ? PFUg. *puke 'to crawl' [UEW: 401; URALET 820] < PEurAs. **boke 'to lie (prone); to crawl'.
 NB. Cf. PAlt. *p`ok`e 'to fall; to lie' (PTurk. *k- 'to fall down; to bow down'; PMong. *(h)ke- 'to bow forwards'; PTung. *pukel- 'to lie; to roll down; to fall') [EDAL: 1168; ALTET 1820].

 M.6. PKCh. *'apɦaj- 'to walk clumsily' (PChuk. *apʁaʒ- 'to walk straddling the legd'; PKam. *'ap'ъs- " 'steps (separate, uncertain); to slide; to slip') [Мудрак 2000: 22; KAMET 687]
 | PAlt. *p`ip`[a] 'to walk; to go away' [EDAL: 1157; ALTET 1795] | PDr. *p- 'to go' [DED_2: N^o4572; DRAVET 1337] < PEurAs. **poxwi  **ʔapx(w)V 'to go; to walk'.

 M.7. PKCh. *'ъj‰ъ-ɣal- 'to go to visit; to move' (PChuk. *ъʒtъ-, *-ъʒtъ- 'to bring, get; to go for sth., move to sb.; direct. case; to bring sb., bring sth.; caravan conductor, "the bringer"'; PKam. *s‰'el-, *s‰'il-, *'in-s‰ela- 'to ride; to move with') [Мудрак 2000: 62; KAMET 188; Fortescue 2005: 124 (Chuk.)] (*-ɣal durat. or persist.suff.)
 | PAlt. *i‰e 'to go, reach, get ready to go' [EDAL: 579; ALTET 586] | PUr. *j[o]sV 'to ski, toboggan' | PIE. *eis- 'to fall upon, to act sharply' [WP I: 106 f.; Adams: 107; PIET 1315] < PEurAs. **jVCV 'to hurry, move quickly' [ND: N^o2650; NOSTRET 351].
 NB. Cf. PKCh. *(j)i- (-u-) 'to part' [KAMET 647].

 M.8. PKCh. *'ъjpъ- 'to get stuck in a hole; to pant' (PChuk. *ъʒpъ-at- 'to put in; to pluck with o.s.; to get stuck in a hole; to fall into a cavity'; PKam. *'apъ- 'to pant') [Мудрак 2000: 164 (Chuk.); KAMET 1051; sub Fortescue 2005: 122]
 | PAlt. *poga ' to tie up; to strangle' [EDAL: 1101; ALTET 1669] | PEsk. *əpə- < *ъpъ-  *əpə- 'to suffocate' [CED: 112 f.; ESQET 1339; Мудрак 2011: 257 f.] | PFUg. *puwV (*puV) 'to suffocate' [UEW: 411; URALET 842] / *puwa- [Sammallahti 1988: 547] < PEurAs. **po(j)ɣV ( -(j)-) 'to strangle; to suffocate' [UEW: 411; NOSTRET 1883; Мудрак 2011: 258].

 M.9. PChuk. *ъʒto- 'to reach (with one's hand); to extract; to give birth; to dig out' [Мудрак 2000: 36 (KCh. + dub. Kam.); CHUKET 268; Fortescue 2005: 125] (KCh. + dub. Kam.)]
 | PUr. *juta- 'to go; to wander' [UEW: 106; URALET 203] < PEurAs. **jUt(`)V 'go; wander'.

 M.10. PKCh. *'ъjv-ъklъ- 'to hit; to hurt' (PChuk. *ъʒbъkɫъ- 'to hit'; PKam. *'uzil-ɨt- 'to hit') [Мудрак 2000: 36; KAMET 600; Fortescue 2005: 126 (Chuk.); Мудрак 2008: 217]
 The 1^st part: PAlt. *eba 'to join; to meet' [EDAL: 488; ALTET 1] | PEsk. *əvaja-ʁ- < *ъvaja-ʁ- 'to rob, steal' [CED: 148; ESQET 1459; Мудрак 2011: 276] | PYuk. *jew- 'to hit (tr., intr.); to attack' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o686; JUKAET 194] < PEurAs. **jewV ( -ɣw-) 'to join, meet (?); to hit' [Мудрак 2011: 946];
 the 2^nd part: PIE. *kola-, *kl- 'to beat; to break; to kill' [WP I: 436 f.; Pokorny: 545 ff.; PIET 1549] < PEurAs. **k`VlV ( -l-) 'to beat; to stab'. 

 M.11. PKCh. *'ъnva- 'to bend, bow' (PChuk. *ъnbat-, *-bat- 'to wrap; to come back, return; to bend (tr.); to crease in clothes; to unroll'; PKam. *'naʷla- 'to bend, bow (intr.)') [Мудрак 2000: 189 (Chuk.); KAMET 905; Fortescue 2005: 192; Мудрак 2008: 139]
 | PEsk. *Nəvi-ʁ- ( *ənvi-ʁ-) < *Nъve-ʁ- ( *ъnve-ʁ-) 'to curve' [CED: 232; ESQET 386; Мудрак 2011: 484 f.] | PIE. *newə- 'to incline; to nod' [WP II: 323 f.; diff. in Vasmer; Pokorny: 767; PIET 2233] < PEurAs. **nVwHV 'to curve; to bend; to incline' [Мудрак 2011: 902].

 M.12. PKCh. *'ъnto-  *'ъʷto- 'to go out' (PChuk. *ъto- 'to go outside; to be born'; PKam. *'ɨnɨstъʷ- ( -m-) 'to go outside') [Мудрак 2000: 104; KAMET 74; Fortescue 2005: 203-204]
 | PAlt. *no‰u 'to seize; to steal' [EDAL: 995; ALTET 1499] | PEsk. *nucuɣ- < *nucuɣ- 'to pull; to tug' [CED: 236; ESQET 406; Мудрак 2011: 486] < PEurAs. **no‰u 'to pull out; to go out' [Мудрак 2011: 486].

 M.13. PKCh. *'ъtɣa-j‰o- 'to jump, leap' (PChuk. *ъtɣa-ʒtъ- 'to jump, leap; to skip, hope'; PKam. *tɨɣʷaj-(‰o-) 'to jump, leap; to skip, hope') [Мудрак 2000: 139; KAMET 133; Fortescue 2005: 292]
 | PAlt. *t`ogsu 'to run; hare' [EDAL: 1451; ALTET 2419] | PYuk. *təa-nu- 'to jump on one place (raising high the hind legs, of reindeer calf, reindeer)' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2402; JUKAET 1421] | PDr. *tk- 'to walk' [DED_2: N^o3151; DRAVET 1501] | PIE. *tekʷ- 'to flow; to run' [WP I: 715 f.; Pokorny: 1059 f.; Adams: 249; PIET 1794] | PKZ. *ṭiḳ- (? *ṭliḳ-) 'to run away quickly' [EWK: 333 f.; KARTET 1102] / *ṭiḳwn- [Климов 1964: 181] < PEurAs. **t`ogV 'to jump; to run' [ND: N^o2346; NOSTRET 258], [NIODET 237].

 M.14. PKCh. *'ъtvɨ-(-) 'to pull; to extend; to hang' (PChuk. *ъtbɨt- 'to pull (a strap for drying); to stretch (drying skin); to pull off; to skin; to jerk'; PKam. *'it'ɨ- 'rack, hanger') [Мудрак 2000: 208 (Chuk.); KAMET 1094; Fortescue 2005: 305 (Chuk.); Мудрак 2008: 77]
 | PDr. *tiv- 'to take out, remove' [DED_2: N^o3407; DRAVET 1548] < PEurAs. **TIbV ( -w-) 'to pull; to take out'.

 M.15. PChuk. *(ʁ)eɣɣet/b- 'to part, set off' [CHUKET 138]
 | PEsk. *aɣə- < *ɣə- 'to go on walks' [CED: 7, 55; ESQET 594; Мудрак 2011: 71 c.] | PYuk. *eg-rə-, egi-  *ew-rə- O 'to walk, go on walks' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o408; JUKAET 114] < PEurAs. **ʔegwV ( H-) 'to walk' [NIODET 136; Мудрак 2011: 71].
  Cf. PNiv. *eɣ- 'to come back' [NIVGET 156].
  O. Mudrak [Мудрак 2011: 71] alternatively links Eskimo item to PAlt. *daga 'near; to follow' [EDAL: 456; ALTET 346].

 M.16. PKCh. *'əjɦʷə- 'to fall' (PChuk. *əʒʁə-, *-ъʒʁ-at- 'to fall; to break loose; to fall off; to fall to the ground'; PKam. *'i‰hə- 'to fall') [Мудрак 2000: 175, Chuk.; KAMET 943]
 | PAlt. *iga 'to fall over; to shake' [EDAL: 596; ALTET 633] < PEurAs. **jaɣV 'to fall, fallover'.

 M.17. PKCh. *'əju- 'to put; to shove' (PChuk. *ʒo-t- 'to put inside, shove; to get caught (into net)'; PKam. *'izʷu- 'to put; to pile up') [Мудрак 2000: 31; KAMET 640; Fortescue 2005: 116]
 | PKart. *ʒ- 'to lie' [Климов 1964: 233; KARTET 1239] / *ʒew- [EWK: 475] / *ʒew- / *ʒw- 'to lie (of inanimate)' [Klimov 1998: 279] < PEurAs. **ʒu  **ʔVʒu 'to put; to lie'.

 M.18. PKCh. *['ən]-ɦelu- 'to stand; to become; to come (of sth.)' (PChuk. *ənʁel- 'to become; to come (of sth.)'; PKam. *tɦɨzu-, *'ɨnɦɨʷzu-  *'ɨn'ɨɦziʷ- (nʡ) 'to stand, stand up') [Мудрак 2000: 100; KAMET 46; Fortescue 2005: 191 (Chuk.); Мудрак 2008: 201 c.]
  With *'ən-  *'ъn- inchoat. suff.
 | PAlt. *ilV ( -l-) 'to stand; to become' [EDAL: 583; ALTET 596] (contam. of two verbs) < PEurAs. **HilV 'stand' [Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.79a].
 NB. Cf. PKCh. *'i- 'to be', cf. N^oA.11.

 M.19. PKCh. *'əpju- 'to pass by; to wander' (PChuk. *piʒu-  *əpʒu- ( u) 'to wander on the water; wading'; PKam. *pes-ko(z)-, *peʷs-pəʷz- 'to pass by; to surpass, outdistance') [KAMET 813]
 | PAlt. *p`ip`[a] 'to walk; to go away' [EDAL: 1147; ALTET 1795] | PEsk. *piviɣ 'direction; time or place for sth.' [CED: 258; ESQET 768; Мудрак 2011: 569] | PYuk. *pu-l- 'to go out, to go out (from water)' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1927; JUKAET 1001] | PDr. *p- 'to go' [DED_2: N^o4572; DRAVET 1337] < PEurAs. **p`oxwi 'to go; to go away' [Мудрак 2011: 569; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.92b].

 M.20. PKCh. *'əpkir- 'to come, to arrive' (PChuk. *əpkir- 'to come, to arrive'; PSKam. *pikis- 'to go') [Мудрак 2000: 108; KAMET 112; Fortescue 2005: 220]
  Cf. PKCh. *pequ- 'to run on all fours; wild', q.v.

 M.21. PKCh. *'əre- 'to enter' (PChuk. *re- 'to enter (inside); to overcome (оf illness)'; PKam. *‰'e- 'to enter') [Мудрак 2000: 122 f.; KAMET 485; Fortescue 2005: 250: Chuk.]
 | PAlt. *re 'to come; to enter' (PTurk. *r- 'to reach; to pass'; PMong. *ire- 'to come'; PTung. *- 'to enter'; PJAp. *ita-r- 'to reach'; cf. also Kog. *i- 'to enter') [EDAL: 590; ALTET 686] < PEurAs. **ʔire 'to come; to enter'.

 M.22. PKCh. *'ərkəə- 'to hurry; to leave (intr.), depart' (PChuk. *ъrkъc-ab- (< -ɫ-) 'to hurry'; PKam. *sixezi- ( -e-) (c) 'to leave (intr.), depart, sett off') [Мудрак 2000: 123; KAMET 500; Fortescue 2005: 255; Мудрак 2008: 190 f.]
 | PAlt. *kure 'to run; quick' (PTurk. *Kre- 'to run away'; PMong. *kur(u)- 'rapid, quick; moment, short time; to hurry'; PTung. *kora- 'to drive away'; PKor. *kɨrk- 'to run away, to escape') [EDAL: 745; ALTET 930] | PSam. *krə^- 'run away, flee' [Janhunen 1977: 79 f.] | PIE. *kors- 'to run, to hurry' [WP I: 428 f.; Pokorny: 583 f.; Adams 234; PIET 1541] | Geor. ḳurcʯl- 'run away, race, gallop' < PEurAs. **kurV 'to run' [ND: N^o1144; NOSTRET 1394].

 M.23. PKCh. *-ətɣʷe- 'to take off, undress; to peel off' (PChuk. *-ətbe- 'to do the action, counter to the producing base (to undress); to unshoe'; PKam. *-tuwa-l- 'to take off, strip away, denude; to peel off') [Мудрак 2000: 35 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.); KAMET 1159; Fortescue 2005: 424 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.)]
 | PDr. *tiv- 'to take out, remove' [DED_2: N^o3407; DRAVET 1548] | PIE. *d- (?) 'to dress; to take off' [WP I: 777 f.; Pokorny: 217 f.; PIET 1870] < PEurAs. **tVwV ( -ɣw-) 'to dress / to remove, undress'.

 M.24. PKCh. *'ətqə ( 'u-) 'to wade; to cross the bridge'(PChuk. *(ʁ)ucqə-c "  -t, - 'bridge'; PKam. *tqɨz- 'to cross the river') [Мудрак 2000: 170 (Chuk.); KAMET 1024; Fortescue 2005: 305]
  The initial of Chukchean item is under influnce of PKCh. *'uɦʷ 'tree; wood (material)' (> PChuk. *uʒ-, *uH-).
 Compound, the 1^st part being cognate to
 | PAlt. *oti ( t`-) (-rV) 'to move, change place' [EDAL: 1066 f.; ALTET 1587] | PDr. *d- 'to play; to dance, move' [DED_2: N^o347; DRAVET 91], cf. *d- 'to run; to escape' [DED_2: N^o1041; DRAVET 1127] | PKart. *qad- / *qed- / *qd- 'to move, go, arrive' [Климов 1964: 263; EWK: 557; KARTET 832] / *qed- / *qid- / *qd- 'to move, make movement; to bring; to go' [Klimov 1998: 335] > PEurAs. **qodwV ( ʔ-) 'to move' [МССНЯ: 338; ND: N^o1856; NOSTRET 123].
 The 2^nd part matching with
 | PAlt. *gele 'to come; to go' [EDAL: 538; ALTET 495] | PFUg. *kl- 'to wade' (+ Selk. ql- 'to walk') [UEW: 133; URALET 261] / 'rise' [Sammallahti 1988: 545] | PYuk. *kil- 'to wander (in water, in snow); wade (adv.)' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o819; YUKAET 1495] | ?s PIE. *kel- 'road' [WP I: 446; Pokorny: 554; PIET 482] | PKart. *gwal- 'to go (imper.)' [Климов 1964: 60; EWK: 81 f.; KARTET 404; Klimov 1998: 28], cf. Megr. (n)kill- 'to roam' < PEurAs. **kelHV 'to walk, roam; to wade; ford' [МССНЯ: 332; ОСНЯ 1: N^o161; ND: N^oN^o616, 872; NOSTRET 34; NIODET 267].

 M.25. PKCh. *'əɦeli- 'to enter; to visit' (PChuk. *əRɣel- 'to enter; to enter crawling; to bring in'; PKam. *'itheli- 'to guest; to walk, stroll') [Мудрак 2000: 2000 (Chuk.); KAMET 1098; Fortescue 2005: 64 (Chuk. + incorr. Kam.)]
 ?f | PKart. *- 'to reach, arrive' [EWK: 516 f.; KARTET 215] / *(e)-, *(i)- 'to pull, stretch; to reach' [Климов 1964: 248; Klimov 1998: 307] < ? PEurAs. **c`V(HV) 'to reach; to enter'.

 M.26. PKCh. *koɣʷra- 'turn round; coil up' (PChuk. *kaɣra- 'to turn around'; PKam. *kowoz- 'to coil') [Мудрак 2000: 179; KAMET 224]
 | PAlt. *k`erV ( -r-) 'go round, walk round' [EDAL: 782; ALTET 1015] | PEsk. *karivə- 'revolve, twirl' [CED: 150 f.; ESQET 7; Мудрак 2011: 350], cf. PIn. *kIrə- 'avoid; hesitate' [CED: 173; INUPET 133; Мудрак 2011: 986 c.] | PFUg. *ker 'round; rolling; turn, rotate' [UEW: 147 f.; URALET 288] / *ki/erw- 'dodge' [Sammallahti 1988: 543] | PYuk. *qair- (--) 'bent; bend; crease, kink' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1976; JUKAET 196] | PDr. *k^r-[Vl-] 'revolve, twist' [DED_2: N^o2684; DRAVET 741] | PIE. *ker- (*kerk-, *kerg-, *krenk-, *kreng(h)-) 'circle; round object' [WP II: 568 ff.; PIET 613; Pokorny: 935 ff.], *kreiw- 'left; curved' [Fraenkel: 203; PIET 3117] + OGr. kroio/j 'morbid; weak; mutilated; faulty' | PKZan. *ḳwer- 'round; flapjack; ball shaped paste (scone)' [Климов 1964: 110; EWK: 198; KARTET 620; Klimov 1998: 92-93], *ḳwer-ḳwer- 'round; round-shaped object' [Klimov 1998: 93], cf. Megr. ḳvarḳvalia 'round', Laz ḳorḳol-a 'frizzle; sheep excrements' < PEusAs. **k`werV  **k`erwV 'go round; revolve; bent' [Krougly-Enke 2009: 194; NIODET 344; Мудрак 2011: 350, 987; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.92f].

 M.27. PKCh. *'nəpe- 'to pull out; to pull off' (PChuk. *əʒpe- 'to pull out; to pull off'; PKam. *'inpə-t- 'to unburden') [Мудрак 2000: 175; KAMET 934; Fortescue 2005: 122]
 ?s | PFUg. *nowe- 'to flay; to peel' [UEW: 325; URALET 649] / *nowi- [Sammallahti 1988: 546] < PEurAs. **HnVbV 'pull off; peel' [Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.17a].
 < ? PBor. ***HnVbV 'pull of; > die'.

 M.28. PKCh. *pequ- 'to run on all fours; wild' (PChuk. *pạq-ə̣ckụ- 'to run (of animals, on all fours)'; PKam.*pe(ʷ)qe-l'- (lʡ) 'wild') [Мудрак 2000: 108; KAMET 87], 
 | PAlt. *poki ( -k`-, -e) 'to run, run away' [EDAL: 1103; ALTET 1669] | PIE. *bheuge-, *bhgh[e]- 'to run, escape' [WP II: 144, 146; Pokorny 1959: 152; PIET 2064], *bhegʷ- 'to run, escape' [WP II: 148 f.; Pokorny 1959: 116; PIET 2070] | PFenn. *poke- / *pake- 'to flee' [SKES: 470], deriv. in PUr. *pukta- 'to jump; to run' [UEW: 402; URALET 821] / PUr. *pok-ta 'to flee' [ОСНЯ 1: N^o15] / PFUg. *pukta- 'shoo' [Sammallahti 1988: 547] (+ Saam. ok^\te-) | PYuk. *pegʷə- 'to run, to follow; to come in running (man); to follow sb. in one own will, as hoodooed' [sub Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1839; JUKAET 285] | ?f PNDr. *bo- 'to run' [DED_2: N^o4473; NDRET 137] < PEurAs. **pogwV  **be[g]wV 'to run, to run away' [МССНЯ: 330; ОСНЯ 1: N^o15; ND: N^oN^o183, 1685; Мудрак 2011: 560].

 M.29. PKCh. *pɨla- 'to stay; to leave, abandon' (PChuk. *pɨɫa- 'to stay; to leave, abandon'; PKam. *-pɨsa-: *'an-pɨsa- 'to forbid; to reject') [Мудрак 2000: 112; KAMET 750; Fortescue 2005: 214, 364]
 | PAlt. *p`elo 'to walk; to run' [EDAL: 1133 f.; ALTET 1741] | PEsk. *pula- 'to come into midst of, penetrate; to visit' [CED: 268; ESQET 807; Мудрак 2011: 576] | PYuk. *palaɣa-j- ( ɔ) 'to disperse (of herd)' [JUKAET 1880], cf. *pel- 'to catch up; to reach out to the object' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1773; JUKAET 151] | PIE. *pel-, *pelə- / *pl- 'to set in motion by pushing or hitting; to drive' [WP II: 57 f.; Pokorny: 801 f.], PIE. *pela-, *pelas- 'to move; to come near' [Frisk 2: 494 f.; PIET 3154] < PEurAs. **p`el(w/H)V 'to walk' [NOSTRET 737; NIODET 788; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.92a].

 N. Adjectives, adverbs. 

 N.1. PChuk. *aʒъ 'together; close (to); jointly' [CHUKET 2015]
 | PAlt. *aje ( *ejo) 'reach; come close' [EDAL: 279; ALTET 2671] | ? PEsk. *aɣi-ʁ- < *ɣi-ʔ- 'come' [CED: 7; ESQET 556; Мудрак 2011: 74] (infl. by *aɣə- < *ɣə- 'go on walks' [CED: 7, 55; ESQET 594; Мудрак 2011: 71 f.]) < PEurAs. **ʔajV ( -e-) 'join; reach'.

 N.2. PKCh. *'akno- 'many, much; very' (PChuk. *akno- 'many, much'; PKam. *'akъno- 'wealth; rich, wealthy') [KAMET 88]
 | PAlt. *kna 'to be satisfied' [EDAL: 643 f.; ALTET 746] | PEsk. *kanaʁ- < *knʔ- (> PYup. *kanaʁ- < *knʁ- E) 'to put into; to feel into; sack' [ESQET 585; Мудрак 2011: 340] < PEurAs. **kanV  **ʔaknV 'to fill; many' [Мудрак 2011: 340].

 N.3. PKCh. *'alъmъ- 'other; next' (PChuk. *(a)Ləm- 'double; spare; again; to follow sb.; to marry a second wife'; PKam. *'elam, *lъma- 'then, afterwards; next') [Мудрак 2000: 185 (Chuk.); KAMET 767; Fortescue 2005: 164]
 | PAlt. *la 'to cross (a mountain)' [EDAL: 292; ALTET 65] | PEsk. *aləʁ-a < *alъʁ-a 'other of pair; second; two' [CED: 17, 52; ESQET 1757; Мудрак 2011: 102 f.] | PUg. *lV (*l(V)-mV) 'other side' [URALET 1751] | PIE. *al- 'other' [WP I: 84 ff.; Pokorny: 24 ff.; Adams: 28 f.; PIET 2793] < PEurAs. **ʔalV 'to cross; other side' [МССНЯ: 372; ОСНЯ 1: N^o137; ND: N^o58; NOSTRET 604].

 N.4. PChuk. *al-ъ 'very (a little, badly)' [CHUKET 1809]
 | PAlt. *eli 'sufficient' [EDAL: 500 f.; ALTET 2682] | PDr. *el- 'all; both' [DED_2: N^o844; DRAVET 318] | PIE. *al- 'all' [WP I: 90; PIET 1304] < PEurAs. **ʔelV 'all; sufficient' [NOSTRET 1008].

 N.5. PChuk. *anъ- (--) 'incomplete' [CHUKET 1825]
 | PAlt. *ni 'not' neg. vb. [EDAL: 300 f.; ALTET 74] | PEsk. *na- < *n- 'no', negation [CED: 204; ESQET 245; Мудрак 2011: 436], *-ənʁi-, *-naʁ- < *ъnʁe-, *naʁ- negat. aff.: 'to stop doing, not(imper.)' [CED 416 ff.; ESQET 649; Мудрак 2011: 254] | PUr. *ni 'not', cf. PPerm. *en prohib. part. (if not b Chuv.) | PYuk. *nə- negation of pron. and advl words [JUKAET 1673] | PIE. *n, *ne, *nej neg. part. [WP II: 319 f.; Pokorny: 756 ff.; Friedrich: 149; Adams: 183; PIET 3074] | PKart. *nu- 'not' (prohib.) [Климов 1964: 148 f.; EWK: 267; KARTET 747; Klimov 1998: 144] < PEurAs. **ʔanV  **nV 'not', neg. part. [ND: N^oN^o48, 1524; NOSTRET 1197; NIODET 1506; Мудрак 2011: 254, 436].

 N.6. PKCh. *'ъɦum- 'thick' (PChuk. *ʁum- 'thick; voluminous; wide, broad; to widen; solid, massive'; PKam. *hъʷm- (*'om-) 'thick') [Мудрак 2000: 170 (Chuk.); KAMET 1260; Fortescue 2005: 56]
  Cf. PChuk. *ʁomrъ- 'strong, firm, durable' [Мудрак 2000: 169; CHUKET 985; Fortescue 2005: 270].
 | PAlt. *ambe 'heavy; big' [EDAL: 295; ALTET 35] | Lat. amplus, - 'thick, voluminous' < PEurAs. **ɣVm(P)V ( x-) 'big; thick'.

 N.7. PChuk. *ъʒʁa- 'wet' [CHUKET 2150]
 | PAlt. *iak`i ( -k-) 'liquid; to flow' [EDAL: 598; ALTET 620] | PUr. *joke 'river' [UEW: 99; URALET 188] / *juka [Janhunen 1981: 15; Sammallahti 1988: 537] | PSDr. *k- 'swamp; flat land' [DED_2: N^o336; SDRET 304] | PIE. *akʷ- (PIH. *a-) 'water (flowing)' [WP I: 34 f.; Buck: 29, 35, 42; PIET 40] (+ ? Hitt. akukal(la?)- or akutal(la?)- 'Waschbecken' [Tischler 11 f.]) < PEurAs. **jak`U ( -q`-) 'water (flowing)' [МССНЯ 334, 347; ОСНЯ 1: 275-276; ND: N^o123; NOSTRET 61].

 N.8. PKCh. *'ъku- 'all; completely' (PChuk. *ъktъ-, *kətti 'very, wholy; impossible'; PKam. *kilu- 'very, completely') [Мудрак 2000: 164; KAMET 976; Мудрак 2008: 104]
 | PAlt. *k`olba 'couple; to couple, combine' (PTurk. *Kol 'pair, couple; one of a couple; to join, unite'; PMong. *kolbu- 'to couple; to bind together'; PTung. *xulb- ' to bind; to arrange'; PKor. *krb- 'twins; to compete, match, compare, line together; to form a couple'; PJap. *kasa 'size; layer; to heap up, pile up') [EDAL: 836; ALTET 1115] | PKZ. *owl- 'all' [Климов 1964: 213; EWK: 418; KARTET 882] < PEurAs. **q`olwV 'all; to combine' [ND: N^oN^o879, 1950; NOSTRET 1348].
 NB 1. Cf. PAlt. *kala 'family; gathering' (PTung. *kal- 'clan, family; to gather (deer); together'; PJap. *kara 'clan; family') [EDAL: 634 f.; ALTET 2792] | PDr. *kal-(aj-) 'to be mixed' [DED_2: N^o1299; DRAVET 721] < PEurAs. **KalV 'to mix; to join' [ND: N^o873; NOSTRET 1347].
 NB 2. Cf. also PAlt. *kla ( k`-, -e-) 'heap; to pile up' (PTurk. *Kla- 'to heap up, pile up'; PMong. *kali- 'to overflow'; PKor. *kari- 'heap, stack; to pile up') [EDAL: 635; ALTET 708] | PIE. *kl- 'to put; to lay out' [WP I: 489; Pokorny: 599; PIET 1168] < PEurAs. **k`alHV ( q`-) 'to put' [NOSTRET 1585].

 N.9. PKCh. *'ъktъ- 'firm; hard' (PChuk. *ъktъ- 'hard; firm'; PKam. *kɨtъ- 'firm; hard') [Мудрак 2000: 36; KAMET 601; Fortescue 2005: 152; Мудрак 2008: 112]
  Also  PKCh. *'ъktъ-jɣъ- 'wind' (litt. "strong wind") (PChuk. *ъktъ-ʒɣъ-n 'wind; be windy'; PKam. *kitiɣ 'wind') [KAMET 977] with the 2^nd part PKCh. *ɣejɣə 'wind', q.v.
 | PAlt. *k`et`o 'hard' [EDAL: 785 f.; ALTET 1020] | PEsk. *qətu-rtə- < *qъto-rtə- car. 'soft (neg.)' [CED: 300; ESQET 937; Мудрак 2011: 653] | PYuk. *kʷeti- O 'thick' [HDY: N^o909; JUKAET 62] (b PKam. *kot- 'wide, broad' [ITELET 1069], cf. [NIODET 1661]) | PDr. *gat-, *kat- 'strong; hard; lump; spleen' [DED_2: N^o1148; DRAVET 373] < PEurAs. **k`et`we ( -dw-) 'hard' [ND: N^o966; NOSTRET 1366; NIODET 1213; Мудрак 2011: 653].

 N.10. PKCh. *'ъmnъ- 'all' (PChuk. *ъm-ъ 'all (sg. pl.) (also in compl.); become whole; longly, constantly; also; together'; PKam. *mini-l, *minlə 'all (sg., pl.)') [KAMET 627]
 | PIE. *eum- (PIH. *H-) 'many; all' [Tischler: 284 f.; PIET 2927] < PEurAs. **ʔUmV (-nV) 'many; all'.

 N.11. PKCh. *'ъpɦa(j)- 'pale; grey (hair)' (PChuk. *ъpʁa(ʒ)- 'pale face; pale; to blemish, blanch'; PSKam. *pax-pa- 'grey (hair)') [KAMET 1088]
 | PTung. *biaga 'moon' (< PAlt.  *biaga ( -i)) [ALTET 78] | PAl. *aʁa-aʁ, *aʁa-ʁi- 'sun; sunlight; to shine (of the sun); to be exposed to the sun' [AD: 36] | PFUg. *pjV 'white; to gleam' [UEW: 360; URALET 727] | PYuk. *poi- B 'white; to be whitish, white, faded; to fade, decolour, lighten; to light, illuminate' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1837; JUKAET 1231] | PDr. *vai- 'dawn' [DED_2: N^o5554; DRAVET 1701] | PIE. *bh- 'to shine' [WP II: 122 f.; Pokorny: 104 f.; PIET 2050] < PEurAs. **baɣi 'to shine; light' [ND: N^o179; NOSTRET 286; NIODET 570].

 N.12. PChuk. *'ъpъ- 'grey, yellowish grey: to whiten slightly, to dawn; yellowish on brown background' [CHUKET 1938]
  b PEsk. *əpri-ʁ < *ъpre-ʁ 'rufuous, yellow' [ESQET 728; Мудрак 2011: 262 f.]
 | PAlt. *borV 'grey' [EDAL: 376; ALTET 191] | PYuk. *puree- ( --) 'black paint' [JUKAET 234] | PIE. *bhrn- 'grey, brown etc.' [WP II: 166 f.; PIET 2093] < PEurAs. **bUrV 'grey, brown' [Долгопольский 1964: 12; МССНЯ: 332; ОСНЯ 1: N^o18; ND: N^o255; NOSTRET 38; ESQET 728; diff. in Krougly-Enke 2009: N^o1.2a].

 N.13. PKCh. *‰ama 'together; also' (PChuk. *cama 'and, also; barely; finally; really'; PKam. *-‰om 'together', comitat.) [Мудрак 2000: 157 (Chuk.); KAMET 1295; Fortescue 2005: 43 (Chuk.)]
 b PYup. *cama < *cama  *cm A  E 'and, also' [CED: 66], [YUPET 1466], [ЭЭ: 853]
 | PAlt. *‰`ome (*‰ome?) 'together; all' [EDAL: 451; ALTET 331] | PYuk. *-cn  *-coon 'together' [JUKAET 1804] < PEurAs. **c`omV ( c`-, ‰`-, ‰-) 'all; together' [NIODET 1241; Мудрак 2011: 853].

 N.14. PKCh. *‰anuɦʷa- 'dark; dirty' (PChuk. *ceʁe- ( a, a) 'dirty'; PKam. *‰uni-, *‰iʷni'-aq 'dirty; shadow') [Мудрак 2000: 135; KAMET 174]; Мудрак 2008: 44 c.]
 | PAlt. *sanV(-k`V) 'bird dung' [EDAL: 1209 f.; ALTET 1911] | PEsk. *cua-ʁ- < *coa-ʁ- 'bead; blue; green' [CED: 93; ESQET 601; Мудрак 2011: 214] | PYuk. *cii-cə- O 'night; darkness; (it is) dark, gloomy' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o284; JUKAET 169] < PEurAs. **canV ( s-, c-, s-, -) 'dirt' [NIODET 1359; Мудрак 2011: 177, 214].

 N.15. PChuk. *cik ( i) 'very; mostly' [CHUKET 1649] (if not b Niv.)
 | PAlt. *‰`ako 'many; be full; be enough' [EDAL: 410 f.; ALTET 265] | PAl. *cʁa- 'be full, complete' [AD: 134] | PFUg. *‰ukkV (*‰okkV) 'thick' [UEW: 62 f.; URALET 119] | PYuk. *cokoo- 'completely, wholly' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o307; JUKAET 1610] < PEurAs. **‰`ak(`)(w)V, -i- ( -q(`)-) 'thick; many; be full' [МССНЯ: 331; ND: N^o385; NOSTRET 26; NIODET 228; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.1c].

 N.16. PKCh. *'əklu- 'little, small' (PChuk. *əklə- 'small, fine'; PKam. *'ъkl-an 'fine, small') [KAMET 947], cf. PKCh. *kul-lula- 'bead' (lit. "small eye") (PChuk. *kəl-ləla (< *əkl-əɫɫa) 'bead, beads'; PKam. *kʷъlilъʷ-n' (nʡ) 'bead') [KAMET 238]
 | ?s PIE. *k(')el- 'youth; son' [WP I: 442 f., diff. in Pokorny; Adams: 155; PIET 1553] | PDr. *kil- 'small' [DED_2: N^o1571; DRAVET 592] < PEurAs. **k`IlV ( q`-) 'small'.

 N.17. PKCh. *'əkrul'mə 'round' (PChuk. *əkrulmə- ( -ɣr-, u) 'circle; to go around; whale feast (with going around the village)'; PKam. *kɨrulɨ-m, *kɨrulɣʷъ- 'martagon lily, Turk's cap lily Lilium martagon L.') [KAMET 1072]
 | PAlt. *kiuru (-kV) 'a k. of vehicle' (PTurk. *Kɨrak, *Kɨragu 'sledge'; PMong. *kr-dn 'wheel'; PTung. *kur- 'humming-top; screw; spool'; PJap. *kuruma 'vehicle, carriage') [EDAL: 708; ALTET 853] | PEsk. *akra-ɣ-  *aqra-ʁ- < *kr-ɣ-  *aqra-ʁ- 'wheel; to roll; round' [CED: 10; ESQET 664; Мудрак 2011: 96 f.] < PEurAs. **kVru 'round' [Мудрак 2011: 97].

 N.18. PKCh. *('ə)ɣʷanə- 'self; separately' (PChuk. *əcɣanca- ( a, e) 'separately; yet'; PKam. *xʷineɦa, *xʷin'ati-l, *lxʷ- 'self; equal' refl. pron.) [KAMET 1057], PChuk. *-ъlvъna 'self; he' [CHUKET 691]
 ?s | PIE. *lw- 'to leave' [WP II: 405; Pokorny: 682 f.; PIET 2335] < ? PEurAs. **lew(H)V 'to leave, to separate'.

 N.19. PKCh. *'əmqə- 'little; boy' (PChuk. *əmqə- 'little; baby'; PKam. *'ъmqъ-, *-ъmqъ-‰ ( *-ъmъʡ-‰) 'boy') [Мудрак 2000: 33; KAMET 630; CCDK: 184, Chuk.; Мудрак 2008: 29]
 | PEsk. *mikə- 'small' [CED: 200; ESQET 229] | PIE. *smeik-, -g- 'thin, narrow, little; twig, pole; crumb' [WP II: 685 f.; Pokorny: 966 f.; PIET 1092] < PEurAs. **mikV ( -k`-, -q`-) 'small, little' [Greenberg 2002: N^o347].
  Cf. *mgh- 'small; small finger' [Fraenkel: 422; PIET 2274].

 N.20. PKCh. *('ə)pъlɦъ-(nrъ-) 'flat; sleek, smooth; even' (PChuk. *pъlʁъr- 'flat'; PKam. *'ɨpsɨl-(asъ-) 'smooth, even; flat') [Мудрак 2000: 111; KAMET 95; Fortescue 2005: 222]
 | PAlt. *p`la 'field; level ground' [EDAL: 1120; ALTET 1723] | PFUg. *plV 'board' [UEW: 364; URALET 735] | PDr. *pal- 'plain; valley' [DED_2: N^o4016; DRAVET 1168] | PIE. *pAl[a]-, *pl- (PIH. *pAlH[a]-) 'broad and flat; plain' [WP II: 99 f.; Pokorny: 833 f.; PIET 944], also [WP II: 90 f., 99 f.; Pokorny: 833 f.] | PKZan. *ṗrṭel- 'flat' [EWK: 62 f.; KARTET 814] / *brṭ-el- [Klimov 1998: 19] < PEurAs. **p`alHV 'flat; level' [Иллич-Свитыч 1968: N^o10.20; МССНЯ: 372; ND: N^oN^o1689, 1708, 1719; NOSTRET 239; NIODET 779; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.107a].

 N.21. PKCh. *'əqə-ka- ( -k-) 'burning, hot' (PChuk. *əqəke- ( -qk-, a) 'hot; sunburn; to burn up (of sun)'; PKam. *xɨka-  *xike- 'hot, burning') [Мудрак 2000: 31; KAMET 618; Fortescue 2005: 339]
 |  PEsk. *əknə- < *əknə- 'fire' [CED: 101; ESQET 581; Мудрак 2011: 233]; PAl. *ik-la- ( -ɣ-) 'wood, firewood, (pl.) pieces of firewood' [AD: 189] | PFUg. *V(-) 'fire; to burn' [UEW: 26; URALET 45] / *ekV- 'гореть / to burn (intr.)' [OСНЯ 1: N^o106] | PYuk. *j- 'fire' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o678; JUKAET 1324] | PDr. *- 'to long for, desire, grieve' [DED_2: N^o878; DRAVET 359] | PIE. *ng-n-i- 'fire' [WP I: 323; Pokony: 293; PIET 1256], *Ang-[e]l- 'charcoal, embers' [WP I: 181; Pokorny: 779; PIET 833] < PEurAs. **ʔe()kV ( -q-) (-nV) 'fire; to burn' [MССНЯ: 352; OСНЯ 1: N^o106; Fortescue 1998: 145, 159; ND: N^o814; NOSTRET 302; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.28a].
 NB. Cf. PKCh. *jun- 'fire; spark' [Мудрак 2000: 62; KAMET 425; Fortescue 2005: 121].

 N.22. PKCh. *'əqre-t 'yellow, (red)' (PChuk. *əqre- ( a) 'yellow; in yellow fat; to fade'; PKam. *kiret, *kire-si- 'dye, colorant; yellow; bullfinch, snow-bunting') [KAMET 1085]
 | PAlt. *k(`)iru 'grey' (PTurk. *Kr 'grey'; PMong. *kiraɣa 'dusk before dawn') [Владимирцов: 338; sub EDAL: 828 f. and ALTET 1090] | PEsk. *qirəʁ, *qirʁəʁ 'grey hair' [ESQET 720], ? PEsk. *qəjruɣ < *qъjruɣ 'blue, green, dark (sky)' [CED: 310; ESQET 598; Мудрак 2011: 638 f.] (if not < PEurAs. **k`arV ( q`-) 'black', cf. [Мудрак 2011: 638]) | PDr. *kr- 'herbs, greens' [DED_2: N^o1616; DRAVET 609] < PEurAs. **kVjrV ( k`-, q`-) 'light colour'.

 N.23. PChuk. *iɣu- 'to gather, crowd' [Мудрак 2000: 170 f.; CHUKET 433; Fortescue 2005: 94 f.]
 | PAlt. *go 'big; many' [EDAL: 495 f.; ALTET 457] | PEsk. *uɣla- 'numerous; many' [CED: 361; ESQET 630, Мудрак 2011: 773]; PAl. *uɣlaʁ- 'another than; in another place than; besides, in addition to; except for' [AD: 419 f.] < PEurAs. **ʔe(j)gU ( -ɣ-) 'many' [Mudrak 2008: N^o195; ESQET 630; NIODET 1325; Мудрак 2011: 773; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.1a].  

 N.24. PKCh. *'iɣʷlə- 'long' (PChuk. *iɣLə- 'long; tall'; PKam. *'iɣʷul- 'long') [Мудрак 2000: 53; KAMET 669; Fortescue 2005: 106; Мудрак 2008: 62]
 | PAlt. *kiolo ( k`-, -l-, -iu-) 'long; far' [EDAL: 695 f.; ALTET 829] | PFV. *kilj (*klj) 'wide, broad' [UEW: 663; URALET 1326] | PDr. *kl- 'largeness; big' [DED_2: N^o2239; DRAVET 1914] | PIE. *kʷel- 'far (in space and time)' [WP 1: 517; Pokorny: 640; PIET 1880] | PKZan. *ḳwal- 'trace; afterwards' [EWK: 193; KARTET 611] < PEurAs. **k`wIlV ( -l-) 'long; far' [NOSTRET 690; NIODET 333; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.49].

 N.25. PKCh. *ɨ_ɣo 'white; light' (PChuk. *ɨɣъ ", *ɨɣ-at 'light (n., adj.)'; PKam. *'aʷtɨʷxъ- 'white') [Мудрак 2000: 57; KAMET 645; Мудрак 2008: 25]
 ?f | PMong. *aaj 'silvery' | PFUg. *a‰ka 'white' [UEW: 3 f.; URALET 2] | Hitt. asara-, esara- 'white; bright' | PKK. *- 'bright; beautiful' [DED_2: N^o1037; KUIET 805] < PEurAs. **ʔVV (-KV) 'white; bright' [ND: N^o160a; NOSTRET 1819; NOSTRET 1819; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.82].

 N.26. PKCh. *'jъrrъ- 'red; iron-made (copper?)' [Мудрак 2000: 62; KAMET 434; Fortescue 2005: 123; Мудрак 2008: 34] 
 | PAlt. *ura ( o-) 'piebald; brown' [EDAL: 1503; ALTET 2530] | PEsk. *aruɣ 'blood' [CED: 5; ESQET 539; Мудрак 2011: 151 c.] | PFUg. *wire 'blood' [UEW: 576; URALET 1167]  / *weri [Sammallahti 1988: 551; URAET 8] | PYuk. *werwə ( --, -rv-) 'strong; strength, force' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o2609; JUKAET 103] | PSDr. *er- 'blood; dark-red' [DED_2: N^o817; SDRET 726], cf. PDr. *er_- 'red' [DED_2: N^o865; DRAVET 339] < PEurAs. **(H)werV 'blood; red' [МССНЯ: 345; NOSTRET 818; ESQET 539; Mudrak 2008: N^o27; GLOBET 664; sub NIODET 913; Мудрак 2011: 151; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.9a]. 

 N.27. PKCh. *ɣun 'high; upper' [Мудрак 2000: 140; KAMET 150; Fortescue 2005: 148 (Chuk. + borr. Kam.)], *'ъkɨn 'top' [KAMET 893; Fortescue 2005: 152 (Chuk. + borr. Kam.)]
 | PAlt. *ilek`a ( *elik`a, -k-) 'front, before; East' [EDAL: 582 f.; ALTET 593] | Al. (Atk.) uli-: uli-m a‰a 'chin' (litt. "the lower part or underside of uli-) [AD: 435] | PUr. *wil (*wl) 'surface; on top' [UEW: 573 f.; URALET 1164] / *li 'over, on' [Janhunen 1977: 105; Sammallahti 1988: 536] < PEurAs. **H/wVlV (-k(`)V) 'front; top' [URALET 1164; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.14a].

 N.28. PKCh. *mej(ʷ)ə- 'big; many' [Мудрак 2000: 91; KAMET 7; Fortescue 2005: 171] 
  Metathathesis < *me(ʷ)ɣə-.
 | PAlt. *maga ( -o) 'big; strong' [EDAL: 903; ALTET 1256] | PYup. *maʁqa-nəʁ 'firm anchorage; stout, tough; stiffen (from cold)' [YUPET 1074; Мудрак 2011: 895] (PYup. *-ʁq- can be < *-q-) | ? PYuk. *mengui- 'hard' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1207; JUKAET 1567] (b Niv.?) | PIE. *mAnAgh- / *menegh- 'many' [WP II: 268 f.; Pokorny: 730], [PIET 754] | PKZan. *ma(n)g- 'strong, sturdy' [KARTET 667; ОСНЯ 2: N^o280] < PEurAs. **man(V)gV ( --) 'big; many' [МССНЯ: 348; ОСНЯ 2: N^o280; ND: N^o1443; NOSTRET 25; NIODET 978; Мудрак 2011: 895; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.5b].   

 N.29. PKCh. *mel- 'good; kind, nice' (PChuk. *meɫ- 'good; of good quality'; PKam. *mel- 'good') [Мудрак 2000: 91; KAMET 8; Fortescue 2005: 171 f.; Мудрак 2008: 132 f.]
 | PAlt. *miolo 'full; fill; thick' [EDAL: 927; ALTET 1312], cf. *milt`e ( -i) 'full; fill' [EDAL: 917; ALTET 1294] | PEsk. *məɫə- 'plug (vb.); plug, stopper; close up, cover' [CED: 197 f.; ESQET 214; Мудрак 2011: 423 c.] | PFUg. *mElV 'pass; fit' [URALET 1835] | PYuk. *moli- 'oh joy, what a joy; how good; yes; let it; alright' [JUKAET 1629] | PDr. *mal- 'abund; fertile; rich' [DED_2: N^o4729; DRAVET 771], cf. PSDr. *ml- 'strong; great; famous' [DED_2: N^o4872; SDRET 4072] | PIE. *mal- / -e- 'strong; big; many' [WP II: 292; Pokorny: 720; PIET 770] < PEurAs. **mil(H)V (/ -a-) 'plenty; abundant' [МССНЯ: 331; ОСНЯ 2: N^o278; ND: N^o1410; NOSTRET 23; NIODET 764; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.52].  

 N.30. PKCh. *ʷite- 'all; many' (PChuk. *ite-q ( a) 'many, much'; PKam. *mite-l 'all') [Мудрак 2000: 190 (Chuk.); KAMET 1177; Мудрак 2008: 136]
 ?f | PUr. *wencV  *wecV 'all; whole' [UEW: 568; URALET 1154] | PIE. *wisw- 'any; every; all' [WP I: 312 f.; Pokorny: 1175 f.; PIET 1268] | PDr. *viS- 'all; big, great' [DED_2: N^o5404; DRAVET 1814] | PKart. *wes- / *ws- 'be filled' [Климов 1964: 86; EWK: 133 f.; KARTET 1152] < PEurAs. **[w]Vs(w)V ( -cw-) 'full; all' [ND: N^o2454a; NOSTRET 842; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.32a].

 N.31. PKCh. *'om- 'warm' (PChuk. *om " 'warmth; warm'; PKam. *'om-e- " 'warm') [Мудрак 2000: 106; KAMET 672; Fortescue 2005: 205; Мудрак 2008: 150] 
 | PAlt. *umV 'fire; burn' [EDAL: 1500; ALTET 2524] | PFP. *umrV 'flame' [UEW: 804; URALET 1686], cf. PFS. *amre / *awmV-rV 'sun; heat; soft; warm; flame; soft breeze' [URAET 77]< PEurAs. **HUmV  **HawmV 'flame' [NOSTRET 1764; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.28b].

 N.32. PKCh. *tɣəl- 'hot; to burn (tr.)' (PChuk. *tɣəɫ-, *ətɣəɫ- 'hot'; PKam. *txa(l)-: *'in-txal-k- 'to put fire, ignite') [Мудрак 2000: 140; KAMET 152; Fortescue 2005: 293]
 | PAlt. *t`oge ( -i) 'fire' [EDAL: 1450 f.; ALTET 2417] | PUg. *tɣV-tV  *twV-tV 'fire' [URALET 1885] / *t[ɣ]V(tV) [Halasz 1893: 226] | PDr. *tj- 'to burn' [DED_2: N^o3266; DRAVET 1555] | PIE. *dwe- 'to burn; to roast' [WP I: 767 f.; Pokorny: 179 ff.; PIET 1863] | Geor. daɣ- 'brand; to roast', PKZan. *duɣ- 'to boil; to cook' [EWK: 114; KARTET 351] < PEurAs. **dwoɣ(w)V 'fire; to burn' [Долгопольский 1964: 14; МССНЯ: 337; ND: N^oN^o2250, 2341; NOSTRET 107; Greenberg 2002: N^o54; NIODET 629; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.12b].

 O. Numerals.

 O.1. PChuk. *am-ъro- 'eight' [CHUKET 1837]
 The 1^st part: PIE. *a(m)-bh, *a(m)-bh (with *bh, *bh) 'both' [WP I: 54 f.; Pokorny: 34 f.; Adams: 14; PIET 2794], *am-bhi prep., adv. 'by, around' [WP I: 54 f.; PIET 3040] < PEurAs. **ʔamV 'around; both'.
 and the 2^nd being PChuk. *ъra-q 'four' [CHUKET 935].

 O.2. PKCh. *'ъnra-q 'four' (PChuk. *ъra-q 'four'; PKam. *‰'a-q 'four') [Мудрак 2000: 103; KAMET 72; Fortescue 2005: 202]
  Ety;ologically = PKCh. *nie-, *ie- (-j-?) 'two', q.v., and reshaped after *'ъnro-q 'three'.

 O.3. PKCh. *'ъnro-q 'three' (PChuk. *ъro-q 'three'; PKam. *‰'o-q 'three') [Мудрак 2000: 103; KAMET 73; Fortescue 2005: 202-203]
 | PAlt. *[iu] 'three; thirty' [EDAL: 1032 f.; ALTET 1553] | PDr. *m- 'three' [DED_2: N^o5052; DRAVET 953] < PEurAs. **u(-HI) 'three' [NOSTRET 1094].

 O.4. PKCh. *nie-, *ie- (-j-?) 'two' (PChuk. *i()e-q 'two'; PKam. *'nt'ɨ-, *'et'ъʷ-  *'itu- 'second') [Мудрак 2000: 104; KAMET 71; Fortescue 2005: 197]
 | PAlt. *niolV 'four' (Tung., Kor.) [Blaek 1999: 92, 130] | PFUg. *nelj (*nelj) 'four' [UEW: 316; URALET 627] / *nelj [Sammallahti 1988: 546], PUg. *nalV 'eight' [URALET 1838] | ?f PYuk. *nor-, *na- 'four' [Nikolaeva 2006: N^o1425, sub N^o1519; JUKAET 635] | PDr. *nl- 'four' [DED_2: N^o3655; DRAVET 996] < PEurAs. **nV-l(j)V, -rV, -CV 'two; four' [ND: N^1598; NOSTRET 1120; Nikolaev 2015a: 57; Krougly-Encke 2023: N^oA.91b].
 
 O.5. PKCh. *'ənjen ( *'əne'nə) 'one' (PChuk. *(ʁ)ənnen 'one; same, equal; constant; alone'; PKam. *niz-ъq 'one') [Мудрак 2000: 49 f.; KAMET 535; Fortescue 2005: 145; Мудрак 2008: 142]
 | PIE. *oi-no-, -ko-, -wo- num. 'one' [WP I: 95 ff.; Pokorny: 281 ff.; Fraenkel: 1239 f.; PIET 3250] < PEurAs. **ʔVn(j/H)V 'one'.