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\data\china\bigchina
Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: bù [fǒu] [fōu] [fěi] [pēi] [bī] [biáo]
Preclassic Old Chinese:
Classic Old Chinese:
Western Han Chinese:
Eastern Han Chinese: pwǝ
Early Postclassic Chinese: piw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: pǝw
Late Postclassic Chinese: pǝw
Middle Chinese: pǝw
Fanqie: 夫優 [a] 甫有 [b] 夫物 [g] 福烏 [h]
Rhyme class: 月 [a] 有 [b] 尤 [cg] 紙 [d] 支 [ef] 物 [g]
English meaning : not, the indicative-objective negative
Russian meaning[s]: 1) отрицание перед прилагательными, модальными глаголами, связками; перед прочими глаголами выражает одновременно оттенки настоящего или будущего времени, в противоположность 沒; не; 2) в диалоге нет!; 3) разг. на конце вопросительного предложения заменяет сказуемое в отрицательной форме; 4) инфикс невозможности совершения действия в сложных глаголах с суффиксами; 5) с последующим 也, 亦 если не..., даже если не...; [fǒu] вэньянь нет, или нет, вм.
Shuowen gloss: 鳥飛上翔不下來也. 從一. 一猶天也. 象形. 凡不之屬皆從不.
Comments: This OC negation has no certain ST parallels; although there are some vague traces of a *p-negation in WC languages (perhaps also in Yenisseian, where it, however, should have regularly merged with the more widely spread *m-negation), it may be a purely Chinese innovation. Cf. PAN *bak (? *ba) 'negative marker'.
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 1
Four-angle index: 7799
Vietnamese reading: bất
Jianchuan Bai: -pio1
Dali Bai: pio1
Shijing occurrences: 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.2, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 21.1, 21.2, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 24.1, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3, 26.4, 26.5, 29.1, 29.2, 29.4, 30.3, 30.4, 31.2, 33.4, 34.2, 35.1, 35.3, 35.5, 35.6, 36.1, 36.2, 37.3, 39.1, 39.3, 42.1, 43.1, 43.2, 44.2, 45.1, 45.2, 46.1, 46.2, 46.3, 47.1, 47.2, 51.3, 52.1, 52.2, 52.3, 54.2, 54.4, 55.1, 55.2, 55.3, 58.2, 58.4, 58.5
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-fanqie,bigchina-rhyme,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-shijing,

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