Number: 2239
Proto-Semitic: *yad- ~ *ʔid-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: hand
Akkadian: idu OA on [CAD i 10], [AHw 363]. Though the shift *ya- > i is common in AKK, idu may as well reflect *ʔidu
Ugaritic: yd [Aist 127]
Phoenician: yd [T 123]
Hebrew: yād [KB 386]
Aramaic: SML DAL OLD OFF NBT PLM yd [HJ 435]
Biblical Aramaic: *yad (the attested forms are det. yǝdā, du. yǝdayin, etc.) [KB deutsch 1717]
Judaic Aramaic: yǝdā 'hand, forefoot, handle' [Ja 564]; also ʔīdā, ʔayd_ā (only TargYer) [ibid. 45]; yad, ʔīd, det. yǝdā [Sok 234]
Syrian Aramaic: ʔīdā [Brock 295]. Note that in the forms with prepositions y- appears, e.g. men yad 'per, propter', ʕal yad 'juxta' [ibid.]
Modern Aramaic: MAL īd_a 'Hand, (seltener) Arm' [Berg 19] TUR īd_o 'hand' [R Ṭūrōyo 115] MLH izo 'Hand' [J Mlah 179] HRT ʔida 'Hand; Seite' [J Hert 182] NASS īdä 'hand' [Tser 095] URM iydǝ 'hand' [R Urmi 99] ZKH ʔīz2a 'hand' [R Zakho 105] MMND īd, emph. īda 'hand' [M MND 505] GZR ʔíza 'hand, handle' [Nak 69] AZR ida 'hand' [Garb 310] IRAN *eydā 'la mano' [Pen 75]
Mandaic Aramaic: ʕda [DM 341]
Arabic: yad- [BK 2 1624]
Epigraphic South Arabian: SAB yd [SD 164], QAT yd [Ricks 81], MIN yd [LM 108]
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ʔǝd [LGz 7]. Note st. pron. ʔǝde where -e (<*-ay) may represent an old dual ending
Tigre: ʔǝde [LH 383]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): ʔid [Bass 562]
Amharic: ǝǯǯ [K 1313]
Harari: iǯi [LHar 22]
East Ethiopic: SEL ǝnǯe, WOL ǝnǯ, ZWY ǝn~ǯi [LGur 28-29]
Gurage: CHA EŽA END ENN GYE MUH MSQ GOG SOD äǯ 'hand, arm, handle' [ibid.]
Mehri: ḥayd 'hand, arm' [JM 460] (with the ḥ- article)
Jibbali: éd 'arm (from fingertip to shoulder), hand' [JJ 313]
Harsusi: ḥayd [JH 146] 'hand, arm, forepaw' (with the ḥ- article)
Soqotri: ʔed [LS 52]. Cf. QALAN-B hēd, HADIBO ʔǝʔǝd and other dialectal variants in [SSL LS 1450]
Notes: Note a variant stem *ʔid- in ARM, ETH, MSA and probably AKK; one wonders whether it implies two original stems or one to be reconstructed as *ʔayad- or *yaʔid-. The noun often forms part of compound prepositions, occasionally with the loss of y-: UGR b-d 'en manos de, destinado a, para' [DLU 104]; AMARNA ba-di-ú 'in his hand' [HJ 433], HBR ʕimmād-ī 'with me' [KB 842]; ARB ʕinda 'auprès de' [BK 2 382], ladā 'chez, auprès de' [ibid. 984]).
ETH *ʔide- <*ʔiday- may reflect a dual form; cf. SOUTH ETH wärč <*warke <*warkay, see *warik-(at-), No. (in some of GUR *-i- > ä after *ʔ- ?). [Fron 48] (*yad- 'braccio (con la mano)' /GEZ,ESA,ARB,HBR,SYR,UGR,AKK/); [Holma 110]: HBR, SYR, ARB, GEZ; [KB 386]: HBR, ARM, ARB, UGR, GEZ, ESA, AKK; [LGz 7]: GEZ, ETH, HBR, ARB, ARM, ESA, SOQ, AKK, PHO
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-bib,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-new,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-hrr,semet-east,semet-gur,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-hss,semet-soq,semet-notes,
