Number: 2233
Proto-Semitic: *t_̣ip(V)r- {} *č̣ip(V)r-
Meaning: nail
Akkadian: ṣupru OB on [CAD ṣ 250], [AHw 1113]
Amorite: ṣupru [CAAA 34]
Hebrew: ṣippōrän [KB 1051].
Gemination of the second radical may be due to the association with ṣippōr 'bird'. On suffixed -n see Introduction
Biblical Aramaic: ṭipr-ṓhī (pl. suff.) [KB deutsch 1716]
Judaic Aramaic: ṭuprā, ṭǝpar 'nail, claw' [Ja 525]; ṭpr, pl. ṭwpryn [Sok 230]; ṭuprānā 'nails' [Ja 526], with the -ān- suffix
Syrian Aramaic: ṭeprā [Brock 286]
Modern Aramaic: MAL ṭefra '(Finger-)Nagel' [Berg 98] HRT ṭepra '(Finger-, Fuss-) Nagel [J Hert 201] NASS ṭɔrpɔ 'nail' [Tser 094] (metathesis), ṭuṗurta 'claw, nail' [ibid.] (p assimilated to ṭ) ZKH ṭupra '(toe)nail' [R Zakho 110] MMND ṭofra 'claw, paw' [M MND 497, 514]
Mandaic Aramaic: ṭupra 'claw, nail' [DM 178]
Arabic: d_̣ifr-, d_̣ufr-, d_̣ufur- [BK 2 135]
Modern Arabic: Cf. Urm ṭipr- 'tail'
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ṣǝfr 'fingernail, claw' [LGz 549]
Tigre: ṣǝfǝr 'finger, toenail' [LH 650]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): ṣǝfri 'unghia, artiglio' [Bass 975]
Amharic: ṭǝfǝr 'claw, hoof, nail' [K 2195]
Gafat: ṣǝfrä 'ongle, griffe' [LGaf 234]
Harari: ṭifir 'claw, fingernail' [LHar 152]
East Ethiopic: SEL tifǝr, WOL ZWY ṭǝfǝr [LGur 514]
Gurage: CHA EŽA GYE MUH MSQ GOG SOD (GOG also ṭäfǝr with -a-), ENN END ʔǝ̃fǝr (ʔ <*ṣ ??) [ibid.]
Mehri: d_̣fēr 'nail of a finger or toe, claw' [JM 83]
Jibbali: d_̣ífɛ́r [JJ 48]
Harsusi: d_̣efīr [JH 29]
Soqotri: ṭífer (ṭífher) [LS 207] (see also [SSL LS 1477; SSL 4 98])
Notes: Also *t_̣up(V)r- {} *č̣up(V)r- where -u- of the first syllable can possibly be explained as an independent development in individual languages under the influence of -p-.
MSA *d_̣ifīr-.
[Fron 49] (*ẓupr- 'unghia, artiglio' /GEZ,ARB,JUD,HBR,AKK/); [Holma 127]: AKK, ARB, SYR, ARM, GEZ, HBR; [KB 1051]: HBR, AKK, ARM, ARB, GEZ, TGR; [Brock 286]: SYR, JUD, HBR, AKK, ARB, GEZ; [LGz 549]: GEZ, ETH, ARB, JIB, HBR, ARM; [LS 207]: SOQ, MSA, ARB, HBR, ARM, GEZ, AKK
