North Caucasian etymology : Query result

Proto-North Caucasian: *ʡĕnc̣Ĕ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ten

Proto-Nakh: *ʔiṭṭ

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *hoc̣o-

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔɔ̃c̣ǝ(-nɔ) A

Proto-Lak: ac̣

Proto-Dargwa: *wec̣-

Proto-Lezghian: *u_ic̣ɨ-

Proto-Khinalug: jäʕiz

Proto-West Caucasian: *b-ć̣ʷǝ

Notes: A common NC numeral (in WC it is reflected at least in Adygh languages, with less certainty - also in other subgroups). Reflexes in several EC subgroups reflect class prefixation (*u- or *j-); in PWC the initial labial also goes back to a class prefix (with assimilatory labialisation of the following affricate, as in a number of other cases). See Trubetzkoy 1930, 275; Абдоков 1983, 156.

In PEC the same root was also used in a contracted shape *-c̣ĕ- as part of names of tens, cf.:

PL *-c̣V- > Tab. -c̣u-r (simi-c̣u-r 'thirty'), Rut. -c̣ɨ-r (xib-c̣ɨ-r id.), Tsakh. -c̣a-ĺ (xeb-c̣a-ĺ id.);

PD *-c̣a-li > Ak. -c̣a-li (ħaIb-c̣a-li 'thirty'), Chir. ʕaIb-c̣a-le id.;

Lak. -c̣a-l (muq̇-c̣a-l 'fourty' etc.);

PA *-c̣o- > And. -c̣o-l- (ʎob-c̣o-l-gu 'thirty'), Cham. -c̣a- (ʎaʎa-c̣a-da id.), Tind. -c̣a- (ʎaba-c̣a-ja id.), Kar. -c̣a-da (ʎaba-c̣a-da id.), Botl. -c̣a-li- (habu-c̣a-li-da id.), Bagv. -c̣a (haba-c̣a id.), God. -c̣a-li (ʎabu-c̣a-li id.).

Hurrian has replaced the numeral 'ten' by the word eman (of unknown origin), but has retained the root in ki-ži 'thirty' (ki- 'three'); names of other tens are unknown. See Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 46.