Proto-Turkic: *Tümen
Meaning: ten thousand; very much
Russian meaning: десять тысяч; очень много
Old Turkic: tümen (Orkh., OUygh.)
Turkish: tümen
Tatar: tömɛn
Uzbek: tuman
Uighur: tümän
Sary-Yughur: tü̆men (ЯЖУ)
Turkmen: tümen (arch.)
Oyrat: tümen
Yakut: tümän
Tuva: tümen
Kirghiz: tümön
Karaim: tümen, kimen, timen
Comments: VEWT 504, EDT 507-508, Лексика 574-575. In general we agree with Doerfer's arguments (TMN 2, 632-642: the Turkic word is the source of Persian tūmān '10000', not vice versa, although in some cases the word was borrowed back into Turkic (in particular: Az. tümän, Khal. timän 'a Persian coin', KBalk., Kum. tümen '10 roubles'); the Tokharian word, whose IE source is highly dubious, is most probably < Turkic; a Chinese source is extremely dubious). Turk. > Mong. tümen (see TMN 2, 641, Щербак 1997, 160), whence Evk. tumen etc., see Doerfer MT 78. Weak evidence of initial voice (*d- should be expected in PT) may be due to later cultural interborrowing.
