Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kadala / *kadara
Meaning: bridle
Russian meaning: уздечка
Spoken Manchu: hadǝlǝ, qadǝlǝ (1255)
Literary Manchu: χadala
Nanai: qadara, χadara
Solon: xadal, kadala
Comments: ТМС 1, 359 (the verb *kadala- 'to regulate, oppress' reflected in several languages is derived from the noun 'bridle' rather than borrowed from Mong., where *kada- means basically 'to nail'; however, there were vast possibilities of contaminating the original and borrowed roots (see under *kājt`a). Nan. χadara 'bridle' may be borrowed from Mong. (not quite plausibly, however: the forms like qadar are actually attested only in MMong. and Southern Mongolian dialects), but the Manchu and Solon forms are hard to explain as borrowings (despite Rozycki 97).
