Sandawe family: Sandawe group (1 list) : Query result

Number: 1

Word: all

Sandawe: čʰíâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7. Quoted as ɕʰia in [Kagaya 1993: 49]; as cia in [Dempwolff 1916: 52].

Number: 2

Word: ashes

Sandawe: !ʼúpʰá ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as ǂʼupʰa in [Kagaya 1993: 39]; as !ʼūpā in [Dempwolff 1916: 42]; as !úpʰá in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 304].

Number: 3

Word: bark

Sandawe: ƛâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄4. Quoted as ƛʼa 'bark of tree, scale' in [Kagaya 1993: 29]; as ƛá 'bark' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305].

Number: 4

Word: belly

Sandawe: ƛʼàbísó ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Quoted as ƛʼabisoː 'abdomen' in [Kagaya 1993: 3]; as ƛʼābísó 'belly' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as ƛʼābīsō 'belly' in [Dempwolff 1916: 53].

Number: 5

Word: big

Sandawe: bàʔé ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7. This is the verbal stem ('to be big'); adjectival 'big' is glossed differently as méː [ibid.]. Quoted as baˤʔe 'to be big, to grow up, bigness, anything big' in [Kagaya 1993: 62]; as baʔa ~ baʔe 'bigness; to be big' in [Dempwolff 1916: 42].

Number: 6

Word: bird

Sandawe: tʰwǐː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 34. Quoted as tʰui in [Kagaya 1993: 30]; as tü̯īí in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as tʰwí in [Dempwolff 1916: 52].

Number: 7

Word: bite

Sandawe: ǀʼìŋké ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. Quoted as ǀʼiŋkʰe in [Kagaya 1993: 24]; as ɳǀīŋkē in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 8

Word: black

Sandawe: kʼáŋkʼárâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. Quoted as kʼaŋkʼara 'blackness', kʼaŋkʼara-s(i) 'to be black' in [Kagaya 1993: 56]; as kʼáŋkʼárà ~ kʼákʼárà in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as kʼāŋkʼārā 'black, dark' in [Dempwolff 1916: 47].

Number: 9

Word: blood

Sandawe: ǀǀʼékʼâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as ǀǀʼekʼa in [Kagaya 1993: 4]; as ǀǀʼékʼà in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 307]; as ǀǀʼɛ̄kʼā in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 10

Word: bone

Sandawe: !î ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as ǂi in [Kagaya 1993: 4]; as !ī in [Dempwolff 1916: 41]; as !î ~ !îŋ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306, 308].

Number: 11

Word: breast

Sandawe: sákâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2008: 28. Quoted as saka in [Kagaya 1993: 3]; as sākā in [Dempwolff 1916: 50]. Different from ǀʼina 'breast (fem.)' [ibid.], quoted as ǀʼínā in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 303].

Number: 12

Word: burn tr.

Sandawe: kámâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 40. Quoted as kama 'to burn, set fire to' in [Kagaya 1993: 40], distinct from ɳǂacʼ(i) 'to burn (intr.)'.

Number: 13

Word: claw(nail)

Sandawe: cʼʷáʔá ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as cʼwaʔa in [Kagaya 1993: 4]; as cʼwáʔá in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 302]; as còā in [Dempwolff 1916: 52] (where the affricate is erroneously not marked as ejective; the word is glossed with fake polysemy as 'tail; fingernail' - in reality, the two words are phonetic look-alikes, see 'tail').

Number: 14

Word: cloud

Sandawe: ƛʼùŋgȕ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Polysemy: 'sky / clouds'. Quoted as ƛʼuŋgu 'cloud, sky' in [Kagaya 1993: 56]; as ƛʼūŋgù 'cloud' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as ƛʼūŋgū in [Dempwolff 1916: 53].

Number: 15

Word: cold

Sandawe: tiŋka ¹

Kagaya 1993: 63. Quoted as tīŋkā-sē 'cold, fresh, mild' in [Dempwolff 1916: 52]. This word is applied to objects (e. g. water, etc.). A different word, čʰáwâ 'cold' [Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7], is applied to weather, etc.; quoted as ɕʰawa 'to be cold, coldness; cold, fever (n.)' in [Kagaya 1993: 6, 63].

Number: 16

Word: come

Sandawe: ǀí ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 40. Singular action stem; the plural equivalent is ɳǀàtí [Eaton & Hunziker 2008: 22]. Quoted as ǀi 'to come (sg.)', ɳǀati 'to come (pl.)' in [Kagaya 1993: 35]; as sg. ǀí, pl. ɳǀātí in [Dempwolff 1916: 40]; as ǀí in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 303].

Number: 17

Word: die

Sandawe: ƛǎːsi̥ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 40. Quoted as ƛaːs ~ ƛaːsi in [Kagaya 1993: 24]. This is the singular stem; the corresponding plural stem 'to die (of many)' is quoted as ɬaʔte in [Kagaya 1993: 24]. Quoted as ƛāás in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 303]; as sg. ƛāsī, pl. ɬātī in [Dempwolff 1916: 53].

Number: 18

Word: dog

Sandawe: káːkâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 34. Quoted as kaːka in [Kagaya 1993: 24]; as káːkà in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305].

Number: 19

Word: drink

Sandawe: cʼéː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄9. Quoted as cʼeː in [Kagaya 1993: 15]; as cʼéː in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 302]; as cʼè in [Dempwolff 1916: 52].

Number: 20

Word: dry

Sandawe: sìmé ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. Different word quoted in [Kagaya 1993: 58]: ɳǀiŋkʼe 'to become dry' (applied to rivers, so the difference could be between the required 'to be dry (of clothes, etc.)' vs. 'to be dessicated'). This word is also listed in [Dempwolff 1916: 40] as ɳǀīŋkʼē ~ ɳǀīkʼē 'to be dry'.

Number: 21

Word: ear

Sandawe: kéké ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Quoted as keke in [Kagaya 1993: 3]; as kéké in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as kēkē in [Dempwolff 1916: 46].

Number: 22

Word: earth

Sandawe: ǀʼíná ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2008: 22. Same word as 'sand' q.v.; quoted as ǀʼina 'soil, sand' in [Kagaya 1993: 59]; as ǀʼíná 'earth' in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 303]; as ǀʼīná 'earth' in [Dempwolff 1916: 40]. In [Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6], the meaning 'earth' is rendered with the word !ʼěː; however, in [Kagaya 1993: 59], this word is glossed as ǂʼeː 'clay, mud', e. g. the meaning is most likely different from the required 'earth, soil'. Another quasi-synonym is ǂʼuma 'ground' [Kagaya 1993: 59] = !ʼūmā 'land' in [Dempwolff 1916: 42].

Number: 23

Word: eat

Sandawe: mánčʰâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄9. Quoted as manɕʰa in [Kagaya 1993: 12]; as mâncā ~ mânsà 'to eat; food' in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 304, 305]; as māncā 'to eat (vegetable food)' in [Dempwolff 1916: 48].

Number: 24

Word: egg

Sandawe: dìʔá ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as diˤʔa in [Kagaya 1993: 30]; as dīʔá in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 302]. An alternate synonym is also found listed in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 302]: cʼè 'egg'.

Number: 25

Word: eye

Sandawe: ǀʷěː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Quoted as ǀoe(ː) ~ ǀwe(ː) in [Kagaya 1993: 3]; as ɡǀwēé ~ ǀwēé in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 307]; as ǀwɛ̀ in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 26

Word: fat n.

Sandawe: čʰã̂ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as ɕʰaŋ 'oil' in [Kagaya 1993: 13, 25]; as cʰã̂ 'oil' in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 302]; as cāŋ 'fat' in [Dempwolff 1916: 52].

Number: 27

Word: feather

Sandawe: !ʼû ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as !ʼùŋ ~ !ʼũ̄ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as !ʼū 'hair, feather' in [Dempwolff 1916: 42]. Entirely different word, tʰawaː, listed in [Kagaya 1993: 30].

Number: 28

Word: fire

Sandawe: ǀǀʼĩ̂ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as ǀǀʼiŋ in [Kagaya 1993: 13, 39]; as ǀǀʼîŋ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as ǀǀʼīŋ in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 29

Word: fish

Sandawe: sómbá ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 34. Quoted as somba in [Kagaya 1993: 29]; as sómbá in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 304]; as sōmbā in [Dempwolff 1916: 51].

Number: 30

Word: fly v.

Sandawe: cʼóki̥ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 41. Entirely different paradigm quoted in [Kagaya 1993: 30]: sg. tʰa, pl. giribe 'to fly / run'. However, cf. the data in [Dempwolff 1916: 51, 53]: cʼōkū 'to fly' vs. sg. tʰá, pl. gīrībē 'to run'.

Number: 31

Word: foot

Sandawe: ǀǀʰàtá ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Meaning glossed as 'leg'; apparently, 'leg' and 'foot' are not distinguished, although the latter meaning may be specified as ǀǀʰàtá kʰòːtȁ (cf. 'hand' q.v.). Quoted as ǀǀʰata 'leg, foot, sole' in [Kagaya 1993: 4]; as ǀǀʰātá 'foot' in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 307].

Number: 32

Word: full

Sandawe: !ón-cʼâː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. Meaning glossed as 'it is full'. Quoted as verbal stems ǂoːme 'to fill, to be full', ǂoːŋ-cʼi 'to become full by itself' in [Kagaya 1993: 15]; as !ʼɔ̄ 'to be full' in [Dempwolff 1916: 42] (with an erroneous glottal stop efflux, it seems).

Number: 33

Word: give

Sandawe: í- ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. The listed forms are: íʔ-wàsȁ 'she gives her' and íé-kô 'give him'. Quoted as ie ~ ieː in [Kagaya 1993: 43]; as ʔí-wā 'to give them', ʔí-yē 'to give him' in [Dempwolff 1916: 46].

Number: 34

Word: good

Sandawe: ɬáû ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7. Quoted as ɬawe 'good, goodness, to be good' in [Kagaya 1993: 62]; as ɬá ~ ɬāō ~ ɬāwē, fem. ɬā-sū 'good, right' in [Dempwolff 1916: 51].

Number: 35

Word: green

Sandawe: ʓaːŋga ¹

Kagaya 1993: 56. Quoted as ʒángà in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; with a different meaning - as ʒāŋgā 'unripe; light (of color)' in [Dempwolff 1916: 44].

Number: 36

Word: hair

Sandawe: cʼê ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Meaning glossed as 'human hair'; čěː 'head' q.v. is also listed as a possible synonym in the same meaning. Quoted as cʼɛ in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 301]; as cʼé in [Dempwolff 1916: 52]. Entirely different word listed in [Kagaya 1993: 3]: ǂʼu 'hair (generic)', ɕeː ǂʼu 'hair of a head' - this is the same word as 'feather' q.v. and seems to have originally been simply the word for 'body hair', but, as Kagaya's example shows, in some dialects at least, the word is also beginning to be employed for designating 'head hair' as well.

Number: 37

Word: hand

Sandawe: ƛʼũ̂ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32-33. Meaning glossed as 'arm'; apparently, 'arm' and 'hand' are not distinguished, although the latter meaning may be specified as ƛʼũ̂ː kʰòːtȁ (cf. 'hand' q.v.). On the other hand, for 'arm' another synonym is listed: ʔálâmu̥ [ibid.] (= ʔālɛ̄mō 'arm' in [Dempwolff 1916: 42]). Quoted as ƛʼuŋ 'arm, hand' in [Kagaya 1993: 4]; as ƛʼũ̂ ~ ƛʼûŋ 'arm' in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 302]; as ƛʼūŋ 'hand' in [Dempwolff 1916: 53].

Number: 38

Word: head

Sandawe: čěː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Quoted as ɕeː in [Kagaya 1993: 3]; as cʰéː ~ cēé in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 301, 305]; as cé in [Dempwolff 1916: 52].

Number: 39

Word: hear

Sandawe: kʰéʔé ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 40. Quoted as kʰeʔe 'to hear, listen' in [Kagaya 1993: 6]; as kéʔé in [Dempwolff 1916: 46].

Number: 40

Word: heart

Sandawe: ǯìgídâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as ʓigida in [Kagaya 1993: 5]; as ʒīgídà in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as ʒīgīdā in [Dempwolff 1916: 44].

Number: 41

Word: horn

Sandawe: ƛáná ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as ƛana in [Kagaya 1993: 25]; as ƛáná in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as ƛānā in [Dempwolff 1916: 53].

Number: 42

Word: I

Sandawe: čí ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 41. Quoted as ɕi in [Kagaya 1993: 67]; as cí ~ cíŋ in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 303, 306]; as cī ~ cīŋ in [Dempwolff 1916: 52].

Number: 43

Word: kill

Sandawe: wákʼāː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 41. Quoted as wakʼa 'to kill', wakʼa-a 'to kill already' in [Kagaya 1993: 27, 46]; an additional synonym is also listed: kʼoe ~ kʼwe [ibid.]. Quoted as ʔwākʼá ~ ʔwākʼwā 'to kill' in [Dempwolff 1916: 53]; the second synonym is quoted as kʼwā ~ hūkʼwā in [Dempwolff 1916: 47]. The semantic difference between the two is unclear (singular vs. plural stems?).

Number: 44

Word: knee

Sandawe: kẽ̂ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Quoted as ke in [Kagaya 1993: 4]; as kẽ́ in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 302].

Number: 45

Word: know

Sandawe: mànǎː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 40. Quoted as manaː in [Kagaya 1993: 47]; as mānā in [Dempwolff 1916: 48].

Number: 46

Word: leaf

Sandawe: ǀǎː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 34. Quoted as ǀaː 'grass, leaf' in [Kagaya 1993: 33]; as ɡǀāá ~ ǀāá in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 307]; as ǀā 'leaf' in [Dempwolff 1916: 39].

Number: 47

Word: lie

Sandawe: ɳǀǀíné ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. Meaning glossed as the dynamic 'lay down'. Quoted as ɳǀǀine 'to lie down (sg.)' in [Kagaya 1993: 34]; the corresponding plural action stem is glossed as ǂʼas(i) [ibid.]. Quoted as ɳǀǀīnā 'to lie' in [Dempwolff 1916: 41].

Number: 48

Word: liver

Sandawe: tʰási̥nóː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as tʰasnoː ~ tʰasinoː in [Kagaya 1993: 5]; as ƛásʔnō in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306] (?; maybe a misprint for tʰásʔnō); as tʰāsnō in [Dempwolff 1916: 51].

Number: 49

Word: long

Sandawe: mágánǯá-sê ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7. Alternate synonym: ìtʰàŋkì-sê id. Quoted as maganʓa 'to be long, to be tall' in [Kagaya 1993: 62]; as mūgánʒā-sē in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as māgānzā 'length (n.)' in [Dempwolff 1916: 48].

Number: 50

Word: louse

Sandawe: máːǀʼâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 34. Quoted as maːŋǀʼa in [Kagaya 1993: 31]; as mã́ːcʼã̀ ~ mã̄ǀʼã̄ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305, 307] (the first variant, without the word-medial click, is probably an erroneous transcription); as mānǀʼā in [Dempwolff 1916: 48].

Number: 51

Word: man

Sandawe: ɳǀèméséː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as ɳǀome-se, pl. ɳǀomo-so in [Kagaya 1993: 23]. Same word as 'person' q.v.; distinct from máxáēː 'husband' [Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33] = maxeː 'male, male person, husband' [Kagaya 1993: 23].

Number: 52

Word: many

Sandawe: děː-tʰēː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7. Quoted as deː 'many' in [Kagaya 1993: 47], cf. maxa deː-teː-so 'many men' [ibid.]. Quoted as dɛ̀ in [Dempwolff 1916: 43].

Number: 53

Word: meat

Sandawe: ɳǀĩ̌ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as ɳǀin in [Kagaya 1993: 3, 29], with polysemy: 'body / meat / skin'; as ɳǀîŋ ~ ɳǀĩ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as ɳǀī 'meat, body' in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 54

Word: moon

Sandawe: !â ~ !ǎː-sō ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Polysemy: 'moon / month', although only for the complex variant !ǎːsō. Quoted as ǂaːpuso ~ ǂaːpso 'moon, month' in [Kagaya 1993: 56]. Quoted as !â 'moonlight', but !ābī-sò 'moon' in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 308]; as !ā 'moonlight', but !abi-so ~ !ao-so 'moon' in [Dempwolff 1916: 41].

Number: 55

Word: mountain

Sandawe: gáwâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as gawa in [Kagaya 1993: 58]; as gáwà 'hill' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as gāwā in [Dempwolff 1916: 44].

Number: 56

Word: mouth

Sandawe: ɳ!ũ̂ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Polysemy: 'mouth / lip'. Quoted as ɳǂum in [Kagaya 1993: 3]; as ɳ!û ~ ɳ!ûŋ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as ɳ!ʋ̀ŋ in [Dempwolff 1916: 42].

Number: 57

Word: name

Sandawe: ǀǀʷâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 34. Quoted as ǀǀwa in [Kagaya 1993: 22]; as ǀǀwâ in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 308]; as ǀǀɔ̄ā in [Demwpolff 1916: 41].

Number: 58

Word: neck

Sandawe: kʼʷẽ̂ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Quoted as kʼoeŋ in [Kagaya 1993: 3]; as kʼwé in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306].

Number: 59

Word: new

Sandawe: ǀǀàěː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7. Quoted as ǀǀae-cʼi 'to be new' in [Kagaya 1993: 63]; as ǀǀae in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 60

Word: night

Sandawe: tʷěː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as tueː ~ tweː in [Kagaya 1993: 60]; as twɛ̄ɛ́ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as tūé ~ tūwé ~ twé 'night; time for sleeping' in [Dempwolff 1916: 52].

Number: 61

Word: nose

Sandawe: ɳǀáti̥ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Quoted as ɳǀatʰi ~ ɳǀatʰin in [Kagaya 1993: 3]; as ɳǀátìn in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 307]; as ɳǀātī in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 62

Word: not

Sandawe: =čʰì ¹

Eaton 2010: 136. Negative suffix, appended to the verbal stem and usually fused with the following personal marker: e. g. 3rd p. sg. fem. -čʰì- + sú = čʰu, etc.

Number: 63

Word: one

Sandawe: cʼéxê ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as cʼexe in [Kagaya 1993: 48]; as cʼɛ́xɛ́ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as cʼēχ, fem. cʼēχ-sū in [Dempwolff 1916: 52].

Number: 64

Word: person

Sandawe: ɳǀèméséː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. See also 'man'. Quoted as ɳǀome-se, pl. ɳǀomo-so in [Kagaya 1993: 23]; as ɳǀōmē-sē, pl. ɳǀōmō-sō in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 65

Word: rain

Sandawe: ƛʼʷã̂ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as ƛʼwaŋ in [Kagaya 1993: 56]; as ƛʼwá ~ ƛʼȭã́ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as ƛʼōā in [Dempwolff 1916: 53].

Number: 66

Word: red

Sandawe: búƛʼi̥ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. Quoted as buƛʼ(i) 'red colour', buƛʼi-s(i) 'to be red' in [Kagaya 1993: 55]; as búƛʼé 'red' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as buƛ in [Dempwolff 1916: 43].

Number: 67

Word: road

Sandawe: ǀǀǒː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 35. Meaning glossed as 'path'. Quoted as ǀǀoː in [Kagaya 1993: 38]; as ǀǀōó in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 307]; as ǀǀɔ̄ in [Dempwolff 1916: 41].

Number: 68

Word: root

Sandawe: ɳ!ĩ̌ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 34. Quoted as ɳǂiːŋ in [Kagaya 1993: 33]; as ɳ!īŋ́ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as ɳ!īŋ in [Dempwolff 1916: 42].

Number: 69

Word: round

Sandawe:

Not attested.

Number: 70

Word: sand

Sandawe: ǀʼíná ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Same word as 'earth' q.v. Alternate synonym: màsàŋgǎː (borrowed from Swahili). Quoted as ǀʼina 'soil, sand' in [Kagaya 1993: 59].

Number: 71

Word: say

Sandawe: bô ~ ʔímbô ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄9. Quoted as boː ~ bo, with polysemy: 'word / to say', in [Kagaya 1993: 40]. Quoted as ēmbō ~ mbō 'speech; to speak' in [Dempwolff 1916: 44].

Number: 72

Word: see

Sandawe: ǀʼěː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄9. Quoted as ǀʼeː in [Kagaya 1993: 6]; as ǀʼɛ̀ in [Dempwolff 1916: 39]. The verb ǀã̂ ~ ǀã̂ŋ 'to see' [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 303] = ǀā 'to see, to show' in [Dempwolff 1916: 39] in reality seems to render the directed action verb 'to look' (= ǀaŋ 'to look' in [Kagaya 1993: 6]).

Number: 73

Word: seed

Sandawe: bóyó ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 34. Alternate synonym: těːtérâ [ibid.] (= tétērā 'seed' in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]). Quoted as boyoː 'seed, origin' in [Kagaya 1993: 33]; as bōyō 'seed' in [Dempwolff 1916: 43].

Number: 74

Word: sit

Sandawe: hǎːkícʼi̥ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. Quoted as haːkicʼ(i) 'to sit down (sg.)' in [Kagaya 1993: 34]; the corresponding plural action stem is haːnaki [ibid.]. Quoted as hākēcʼ 'to sit down', pl. hānākí in [Dempwolff 1916: 45].

Number: 75

Word: skin

Sandawe: !ʷê ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Meaning glossed as 'skin (human)', distinct from kèlèmbá 'skin (animal)'. Quoted as !wé 'skin' in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 308]. Differently in [Kagaya 1993: 3]: kelemba is glossed as 'skin (of animals, human beings)', and, additionally, the word ɳǀin 'meat' is glossed as 'body, meat, skin'. In [Dempwolff 1916: 46], kelemba is glossed as 'animal skin' ('Fell'); the word for 'human skin' is not attested.

Number: 76

Word: sleep

Sandawe: ǀǀʼo ¹

Kagaya 1993: 34. Quoted as ǀǀʼɔ̀ in [Dempwolff 1916: 41]; as ǀǀʼõ̂ 'to sleep' in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 302].

Number: 77

Word: small

Sandawe: cʼǒːʔ-tō ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7. Quoted as cʼoː 'to be small (sg.)' vs. cʼo-ti 'to be small (pl.)' in [Kagaya 1993: 62]; as cʼò 'small' in [Dempwolff 1916: 53].

Number: 78

Word: smoke

Sandawe: cʼúkʼâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as cʼukʼa in [Kagaya 1993: 39]; as cʼūkʼā in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as cʼūkā in [Dempwolff 1916: 53].

Number: 79

Word: stand

Sandawe: ɳǀǀume ¹

Kagaya 1993: 51. This is the singular action stem; the corresponding plural stem is ɬeː [ibid.]. Quoted as ɳǀǀúmɛ̄ ~ ɳǀǀúmé in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 304, 307]; as sg. ɳǀǀūmē, pl. ɬē in [Dempwolff 1916: 41]. In [Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8], only the dynamic action verb, hǎːŋgâ 'to stand up', is listed.

Number: 80

Word: star

Sandawe: hí=ɳǀáwã́ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted without the prefixal component hí=, simply as ɳǀowaŋ, in [Kagaya 1993: 56]; as ɳǀōwāŋ in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 81

Word: stone

Sandawe: dĩ̌ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as diːn ~ din in [Kagaya 1993: 59]; as dīŋ́ ~ dĩ̌ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as diŋ in [Dempwolff 1916: 43].

Number: 82

Word: sun

Sandawe: ǀǀʼàkásu̥ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as ǀǀʼakas(u) in [Kagaya 1993: 56]; as ǀǀʼākásù in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 307]; as ǀǀʼāgāsū in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 83

Word: swim

Sandawe: pʰudu-se ¹

Kagaya 1993: 59. Polysemy: 'to swim / to dive'.

Number: 84

Word: tail

Sandawe: cʼʷǎː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as cʼwaː in [Kagaya 1993: 26]; as cʼwāá in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 302]; as còā in [Dempwolff 1916: 53] (the alternate meaning 'fingernail' is the result of confusion of two similar-sounding roots; see under 'nail').

Number: 85

Word: that

Sandawe: hǎː- ¹

Eaton 2010: 85. Particular forms are: hǎː-ù (masc.), hǎː-sù̥ (fem.), hǎː-sò (pl. anim.), hǎː-xʷéː (pl. inanim.). Quoted as haː-u (masc.), haː-su (fem.), haː-so (pl. anim.), haː-soe (pl. inanim.) in [Kagaya 1993: 67]; as hā ~ hā-ō ~ hā-ū ~ hā-wē, fem. hā-sū, pl. hā-sō ~ hā-wā in [Dempwolff 1916: 45].

Number: 85

Word: that

Sandawe: hĩ̌- ²

Eaton 2010: 85. Particular forms are: hĩ̌ː-gò (masc.), hĩ̌ː-sù̥ (fem.), hĩ̌ː-sò (pl. anim.), hĩ̌ː-xʷè (pl. inanim.). The semantic difference between hǎː- and hĩ̌ː- is unclear.

Number: 86

Word: this

Sandawe: hěː- ¹

Eaton 2010: 85. Particular forms are: hěː-ù (masc.), hěː-sù̥ (fem.), hěː-sò (pl. anim.), hěː-xʷéː (pl. inanim.). Quoted as heː-u (masc.), heː-su (fem.), heː-so (pl. anim.), heː-xoe (pl. inanim.) in [Kagaya 1993: 67]. Quoted as hē ~ hē-ō ~ hē-ū ~ hē-wē, fem. hē-sū ~ hū-sū, pl. hē-sō ~ hē-wā in [Dempwolff 1916: 45].

Number: 87

Word: thou

Sandawe: hàpú ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 41. Quoted as hapu in [Kagaya 1993: 67]; as hāpʋ́ in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 304]; as hāpā ~ hāpū in [Dempwolff 1916: 45].

Number: 88

Word: tongue

Sandawe: !ʰẽ̂ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Quoted as ǂʰeŋ in [Kagaya 1993: 3]; as !ʰɛ̂ŋ ~ !ɛ̃̂ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as !kɛ̀ŋ in [Dempwolff 1916: 41].

Number: 89

Word: tooth

Sandawe: !ʼàkʰã̌ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 32. Quoted as ǂʼakʰaŋ in [Kagaya 1993: 3]; as !ākã́ ~ !ākã́ŋ in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 308]; as !ʼākāŋ 'tooth' in [Dempwolff 1916: 41].

Number: 90

Word: tree

Sandawe: tʰěː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 34. Quoted as tʰeː in [Kagaya 1993: 31]; as tʰɛ̄ɛ́ in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 303]; as tʰè 'tree, wood' in [Dempwolff 1916: 51].

Number: 91

Word: two

Sandawe: kísô-xi̥ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as kiso-x ~ kiso-xo in [Kagaya 1993: 48]; as kísòx in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as kī ~ kīsō-χ in [Dempwolff 1916: 46]. Although the old data in Dempwolff's source indicates that kiso- may be segmentable into ki-so-, the complete lack of confirmation in later sources makes this somewhat doubtful.

Number: 92

Word: walk (go)

Sandawe: híkʼi̥ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2008: 12. Quoted as hikʼi ~ hikʼ in [Kagaya 1993: 35]; this is the singular action stem; the corresponding plural action stem is listed as niʔ [ibid.]. Quoted as sg. hìkʼ, pl. nīʔ in [Dempwolff 1916: 45].

Number: 93

Word: warm (hot)

Sandawe: híǀǀʼĩ́ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7. Meaning glossed as 'hot (of weather)'. Quoted as hĩǀǀʼĩ 'to be hot' in [Kagaya 1993: 13]; as hĩ̄ǀǀʼí-sē 'warm' in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 307]. Distinct from hokʼa 'warm' [Kagaya 1993: 14, 63].

Number: 94

Word: water

Sandawe: cʼâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as cʼaː in [Kagaya 1993: 40]; as cʼâ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as cʼā in [Dempwolff 1916: 52].

Number: 95

Word: we

Sandawe: sṹː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 42. Quoted as suŋ in [Kagaya 1993: 67]; as sʋ̄ŋ́ ~ sʋ̃̌ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as sūŋ in [Dempwolff 1916: 51].

Number: 96

Word: what

Sandawe: hó-čōː ~ hó-bê ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. Quoted as ho-ɕoː in [Kagaya 1993: 68]; as hó-cò in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as hō-s ~ hō-c in [Dempwolff 1916: 46]. The first morpheme ho- is the general interrogative morpheme (cf. 'who?').

Number: 97

Word: white

Sandawe: pʰóː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. Quoted as pʰoː 'whiteness', pʰoː-s(i) 'to be white' in [Kagaya 1993: 55]; as pʰóː 'white' in [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 304]; as pʰō in [Dempwolff 1916: 50].

Number: 98

Word: who

Sandawe: hô ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄8. Quoted as ho ~ hoː, pl. ho-ko in [Kagaya 1993: 68]; as hō, fem. hō-sū, pl. hō-sō in [Dempwolff 1916: 45].

Number: 99

Word: woman

Sandawe: tʰáméčʰū ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33. Quoted as tʰame-ɕu, pl. tʰame-s(i) in [Kagaya 1993: 23]; as pl. tʰámè-cʰⁱ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as tāmē-sū ~ tāmī-cū, pl. tāmē-sī ~ tāmī-cī in [Dempwolff 1916: 51]. Distinct from ɳǀúmu̥-sū 'wife' [Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 33] = ɳǀome-su, pl. ɳǀomo-so 'woman, wife' [Kagaya 1993: 23] = ɳǀōmó-sù, pl. ɳǀōmó-sō 'woman' [Tucker, Bryan, & Woodburn 1977: 307].

Number: 100

Word: yellow

Sandawe: manʓano ^-1

Kagaya 1993: 56. Borrowed from Swahili.

Number: 101

Word: far

Sandawe: ʔítʰâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2008: 9. Quoted as itʰa ~ ʔitʰa in [Kagaya 1993: 55] (verbal root: 'to be far'); as ʔītʰā 'far; deep' in [Dempwolff 1916: 46].

Number: 102

Word: heavy

Sandawe: ǀěːká-sê ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7. Quoted as ǀeːka 'to be heavy' in [Kagaya 1993: 63].

Number: 103

Word: near

Sandawe: béːbâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2008: 27. Quoted as beːba in [Kagaya 1993: 55] (verbal root: 'to be near'); as bɛ̄bā 'near' in [Dempwolff 1916: 42].

Number: 104

Word: salt

Sandawe: ʔǔːɬíː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄5. Quoted as uːɬiː in [Kagaya 1993: 13]; as ūúɬí in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 305]; as ʔūɬī in [Dempwolff 1916: 53].

Number: 105

Word: short

Sandawe: tʰúŋkâ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄7. Quoted as tʰuŋka 'to be short' in [Kagaya 1993: 62]; as tʰūŋkā-sē 'short' in [Dempwolff 1916: 52].

Number: 106

Word: snake

Sandawe: ǀʼĩ̌ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 34. Quoted as ǀʼiŋ in [Kagaya 1993: 29]; as ǀʼīŋ ~ ǀʼĩ̄ in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as ǀʼīŋ in [Dempwolff 1916: 40].

Number: 107

Word: thin

Sandawe: gàndȁ ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2008: 15. Quoted as gāndā 'to be thin' in [Dempwolff 1916: 44]. In [Kagaya 1993: 64], a different word - swamaʔ - is glossed as 'thin'; it seems to apply mainly to people ('emaciated') and is also quoted as swàmà 'to become thin', swāmā-swāmā (with reduplication) 'thin, narrow' in [Dempwolff 1916: 51].

Number: 108

Word: wind

Sandawe: wékʰẽ́ː ¹

Eaton & Hunziker 2007: 3̄6. Quoted as wekʰeŋ, with polysemy: 'wind / to blow', in [Kagaya 1993: 57]; as wēkʰɛ̃́ː in [Tucker, Bryan & Woodburn 1977: 306]; as ʔwēkēŋ 'wind, storm' in [Dempwolff 1916: 54].

Number: 109

Word: worm

Sandawe: noŋgolo ¹

Kagaya 1993: 31.

Number: 110

Word: year

Sandawe: maːka ~ maːkʰa ^-1

Kagaya 1993: 60. Borrowed from Swahili. Quoted as màkà in [Dempwolff 1916: 48].