Moser & Marlett 2010: 230. Word class: pronoun. According to [Marlett 2000], there are three ways to express the notion of 'all' in Seri: 1) the intransitive verb k=kˈoːo 'whole, entire / all' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 174], typically occurring in dependent adverbial clauses; 2) the pronoun koːχ 'all', that may either stand alone or follow a noun phrase; 3) the adjective koːχ 'all / every' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 229], that occurs inside the noun phrase. The adjective typically modifies a singular noun and is used mainly in fixed expressions like 'every day', 'all the world' etc. The verb and the pronoun may be used in paraphrase relationship, e.g. the sentence "All of the dogs will go" may be translated either with the verb or with the pronoun. Both the verb and the pronoun may express the 'singular' ('totus') and the 'plural' ('omnis') meaning, but the pronoun is more often associated with the plural noun phrase, which is why we choose it for the wordlist.
Moser & Marlett 2010: 416. Polysemy: 'skin of a person / skin or hide of an animal / epidermis or bark of a plant or tree / skin or peel of a fruit or vegetable / shell of an egg / shell of a mollusk / exoskeleton of an arthropod / exterior part of a bottle or can / casing or shell of a bullet / body of an automobile'. The general meaning of this word is defined in the dictionary as 'the integral part of something that encases it'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: i=nˈaːax. Same word as 'skin' q.v.
Number:4
Word:belly
Seri:yaχ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 605. Glossed as 'belly, abdomen'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: yˈaχ-kox. Secondary synonym: i=sχamˈon 'abdomen, belly and soft underside' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 427].
Number:5
Word:big
Seri:k=ˈaːkox1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 56. Glossed as 'large, big'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=ˈaːkox, 3 pl. t=aːkʷɬ. Antonym: k=ˈisiɬ 'small, little, miniature' q.v.
Number:6
Word:bird
Seri:šiːk1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 614. Word class: noun. Plural: šˈiːka-ɬk.
Number:7
Word:bite
Seri:k=kˈatχɬa1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 171. Glossed as 'bite in anger (like dog)'. Word class: transitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. i=t=kˈatχɬa, 3 pl. i=t=kˈatχɬox. Secondary synonyms: k=kaɸš 'bite (with front teeth)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 167], k=kat 'bite (large piece, as a shark does)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 171], k=kˈaχox 'bite with the front teeth' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 171], k=kˈašni 'bite (snake) / pinch (crab)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 172]. We choose k=kˈatχɬa as the main synonym because it suits the diagnostic contexts better. All the above words may contain a fossilized prefix ka= with the meaning 'do smth. with teeth'. The former existence of such a prefix may be further confirmed by the following verbs: k=kˈaːo 'chew / curse (with power to harm)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 166], k=kˈanax 'chew with back teeth' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 169], k=kapxʷ 'chew (something juicy)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 169], k=kapχ 'crack (hard thing, with teeth)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 170], k=kˈašɬiɬ 'chew on to flatten' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 172]. It is worth noting that Terrence Kaufman reconstructs instrumental prepound *qa= 'by biting/chewing, with teeth/jaws' for Proto-Hokan on the basis of Northern Hokan data [Kaufman 1989: 123]. According to Kaufman's tables of phonetic correspondences [Kaufman 1989: 84-93], Proto-Hokan *qa= should have yielded ka= in Seri.
Moser & Marlett 2010: 303. Word class: noun. Plural: ʔˈaːit-ɬox. In 19th century word lists the word is attested as avt ~ av̆at [Marlett 2010: 37], with the phoneme -w- or -v- that has been completely lost in modern Seri. Secondary synonyms: χˈiːka ˈano mˈoka 'blood' (literally: 'substance that comes'), archaic [Moser & Marlett 2010: 587], χˈiːka isχˈɛːn oː kaːp 'blood' (literally: 'substance that is in the abdomen'), archaic [Moser & Marlett 2010: 588].
Moser & Marlett 2010: 409. Glossed as 'breast / chest'. Plural: ˈiːstoχ ˈiːšxox. Composed of ˈiː=sa-χ (possessed noun, plural ˈiː=s-to-χ) (according to [Moser & Marlett 2010: 409], this word is no longer used as an independent noun, having been replaced by iʔˈiːsaχ 'breath / spirit / soul / life') and iː=šk 'front of body' (possessed noun, plural forms: 3 sg. possessor iː=š[x]k, 3 pl. possessor ˈiː=š-x-ox) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 411]. Secondary synonyms: i=mt 'breast / milk' (apparently denotes only or mainly female breast) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 415], i=snˈaːp 'breastmeat / chest' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 426], i=tɬˈɛːn 'palm of hand / chest area' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 434].
Number:12
Word:burn tr.
Seri:k=aʔ=ˈitax1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 110. Polysemy: 'burn / turn on light, light (e.g., candle) / brand'. Word class: causative verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. i=t=aʔ=ˈitax; impf. 3 sg. i=t=aʔ=ˈitaɬ-im, i=t=aʔ=ˈitaɬ-k; pf. 3 pl. i=t=aʔ=ˈitaɬ-kox; impf. 3 pl. i=t=aʔ=ˈitaɬ-am. Derived from the intransitive verb k=ˈitax 'burn' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 534]. Secondary synonym: k=ak=ˈaːnox (causative verb) 'burn / light (e.g. candle) / fish by torchlight' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 87], derived from k=ˈanox 'happen of a continuous and rather low sound, like the roaring of the sea; the hissing of a lantern; or the buzzing of a bee / burn with a hissing sound' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 131].
Moser & Marlett 2010: 384. Glossed as 'cloud, especially small scattered clouds'. Word class: noun. Plural: ʔˈoːka-ɬa. Cf. ʔˈoːka-χ 'large thunder cloud' (plural ʔˈoːk-ta-χ) [ibid.]. -ɬa is tentatively considered a suffix due to comparison with ʔˈoːka-χ.
Moser & Marlett 2010: 445. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. mˈo=t=a; impf. 3 sg. mˈo=t=a-tim; pf. 3 pl. mˈo=t=a-t; impf. 3 pl. mˈo=t=a-toɬka, mˈo=t=a-tox. According to [Moser & Marlett 2010: 445], prefix mo= "[o]ccurs with only a few verbs to indicate that the subject is approaching".
Number:17
Word:die
Seri:ʔakχ k=m=iːʔ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 186. Polysemy: 'lost (object) / die (person)'. Formed from the intransitive verb k=m=iːʔ 'scarce, rare' (basic forms: pf. 3 sg. t=m=iːʔ, pf. 3 pl. t=m=ˈiːʔ-tox, impf. 3 pl. t=m=ˈiːʔ-toɬka) [ibid.] with the adverb ʔakχ 'apart, alone' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 313]. According to [Moser & Marlett 2010: 186], k=m=iːʔ is historically related to k=iːʔ 'be' (m= is the negative prefix). Secondary synonym: k=ˈoːχi 'die (especially animal) / fade' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 230]. This verb is also used in idiomatic expressions meaning '(to be) thirsty', '(to be) hungry', 'to be eclipsed (moon, sun)' etc. It is highly probable that k=ˈoːχi is the original word for 'to die (of person)', replaced by ʔakχ k=m=iːʔ. However, textual examples in the dictionary leave no doubt that ʔakχ k=m=iːʔ is now the main synonym.
Number:18
Word:dog
Seri:ʔa=χš1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 363. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: ʔˈa=χa-ka. Secondary synonym: šiːχ ʔˈɛmɛ ˈiːkot kˈataχ 'dog' (archaic), literally: 'thing that walks between the houses' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 625].
Number:19
Word:drink
Seri:k=ˈi=si1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 527. Polysemy: 'drink / bite and suck (e.g. mosquito)'. Word class: transitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. i=t=ˈasi, impf. 3 sg. i=t=ˈas-yat, pf. 3 pl. i=t=ˈas-yox, impf. 3 pl. i=t=ˈas-yoɬka. Secondary synonym: k=i=m 'swallow / drink' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 512-513]. Cf. also the detransitivized verb k=ˈoː=si 'drink', derived from k=ˈi=si [Moser & Marlett 2010: 227].
Number:20
Word:dry
Seri:kʷ=k=ˈoːtix1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 285-286. Polysemy: 'dry / used up (liquid) / die (plant)'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. kʷ=t=ˈoːtix, 3 pl. kʷ=t=ˈoːtiɬ-k. Secondary synonyms: k=axʷk 'dry' (intransitive verb), archaic [Moser & Marlett 2010: 121], k=oːskɬ 'dry / speckled or mottled without much color' (intransitive verb) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 227], k=paps 'dry (lacking liquid for appropriate use) / rough (surface)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 244].
Number:21
Word:ear
Seri:ˈi=sɬa1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 425. Glossed as 'outer ear'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: ˈi=sɬ-ox.
Number:22
Word:earth
Seri:ʔant1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 324. Polysemy: 'earth, dirt, land / world, earth / place / year / weather'. Word class: noun. Cf. ʔamt 'ground / loose soil / sand' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 322]. According to [Marlett 2010: 18], the distinction between ʔant and ʔamt is relatively recent: 19th century word lists have only ʔamt in all meanings, including 'year'.
Number:23
Word:eat
Seri:k=ˈi=ʔit1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 492-493. Word class: transitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. i=t=ˈaʔit, impf. 3 sg. i=t=ˈaʔit-im, pf. 3 pl. i=t=ˈaːit-ox, impf. 3 pl. i=t=ˈaːit-oɬka. Cf. also the detransitivized verb k=ˈoː=ʔit 'eat', derived from k=ˈi=ʔit [Moser & Marlett 2010: 218].
Number:24
Word:egg
Seri:iː=pχ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 407. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: iː=pχ. Secondary synonym: šiːk ʔant okˈaːiχ 'egg (of bird)', literally 'that which a bird lays' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 615].
Moser & Marlett 2010: 396. Word class: deverbal noun (action/oblique). Derived from the intransitive verb k=ʔaχ 'stained with grease / full of grease or fat, greasy' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 178]. Another candidate is ˈi=pχom 'firm fat (of animal)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 423].
Number:27
Word:feather
Seri:ˈi=na1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 415. Polysemy: 'hair (not on the head of humans) / fur / feather'. The general meaning of this word is defined in the dictionary as 'relatively soft structures that grow from the skin of animals'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: ˈi=na-ta.
Number:28
Word:fire
Seri:ʔamˈak1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 318. Polysemy: 'fire / lamp / star (archaic)'. Word class: noun. Plural: ʔamˈak-x.
Number:29
Word:fish
Seri:šiχ=kˈam1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 633. Polysemy: 'fish / a category of marine animals that includes fish, sharks, rays, dolphins, and whales'. Word class: noun. Plural: šiχ=kˈam. Compound based on šiːχ 'thing' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 616] and k=kam 'alive' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 168], literally 'thing that is alive'. Secondary synonym: šiːχ kipχˈasi 'fish' (archaic), literally 'thing that has meat' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 631].
Number:30
Word:fly v.
Seri:k=kap1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 169. Glossed as 'fly, move through space'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. t=kap, impf. 3 sg. t=kˈap-tim, pf. 3 pl. t=kˈap-tox, impf. 3 pl. t=kˈap-toɬka.
Number:31
Word:foot
Seri:i=tˈoaː1
́Moser & Marlett 2010: 434. Polysemy: 'leg and foot / hind leg (of animal) / toe'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural forms: 3 sg. possessor i=tˈoːit, 3 pl. possessor i=tˈoaː-tx. In 19th century word lists the word is attested as itóva, itoba [Marlett 2010: 40], with the phoneme -w- or -v-, completely lost in modern Seri. Secondary synonym: i=mˈon-x 'foot' (archaic) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 414]. The meaning 'foot' (as opposed to 'leg') is expressed by itˈoaː χatx [ibid.] (the second component is identical to χat-x 'reef' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 579]).
Number:32
Word:full
Seri:k=pokt1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 247. Glossed as 'full (container)'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. t=pokt, impf. 3 sg. t=pˈokat-im, pf. 3 pl. t=pˈokat-ox. Secondary synonym: k=kam 'full' (intransitive verb) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 169] (textual examples: 'I ate something and I'm full' [ibid.], 'When he eats and gets full, he burps' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 497]).
Number:33
Word:give
Seri:ˈiː=k=ɛ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 407. Glossed as 'give (gift)'. Word class: irregular transitive verb. "The direct object is the recipient. The gift can be mentioned." Secondary synonyms: k=ˈi=kɛ 'give (gift)' ("The direct object is the gift. The recipient cannot be mentioned.") [Moser & Marlett 2010: 525], k=ˈɛkɛ 'give (gift-wise)' ("Neither the item nor the recipient is mentioned.") [Moser & Marlett 2010: 480], kʷ=k=akˈo=š-χ-ot 'give' (derived from k=akˈo=š-χ-ot 'help carry', itself derived from k=ˈaːši 'carry'. "This verb requires a singular indirect object that indicates the recipient of the object.") [Moser & Marlett 2010: 97], kʷ=k=akˈo=χɛtoɬ 'give (something, to someone)' (derived from k=ɛːχɬ 'buy') [Moser & Marlett 2010: 279]. Analysis of textual examples in the dictionary leaves no doubt that ˈiː=k=ɛ is the main synonym for 'to give'.
Number:34
Word:good
Seri:k=ˈiːpɛ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 505. Polysemy: 'good / be well, get well'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. t=ˈiːpɛ, impf. 3 sg. t=ˈiːpɛ-tim, pf. 3 pl. t=iːp-t, impf. 3 pl. t=ˈiːp-tox. Variant: k=ˈiːpi.
Number:35
Word:green
Seri:k=ˈoːiɬ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 219. Polysemy: 'blue, green / tender (like branch) / green (not ripe)'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=ˈoːiɬ, 3 pl. t=ˈoːiɬ-o. In 19th century word lists the word is attested as kovìlch, kobslh [Marlett 2010: 56], with the phoneme -w- or -v-, completely lost in modern Seri. Secondary synonym: χpanˈaːms yˈaːiɬ kʷkˈoːiɬ 'green', literally 'blue/green like blue/green colour of seaweed' [ibid.].
Moser & Marlett 2010: 417. Polysemy: 'finger / hand / forearm / upper arm of a person / paw / foreleg of an animal / tentacle of a squid or octopus / cheliped of a crab or lobster / arm of a columnar cactus / thick branch of a tree / sleeve of an article of clothing / upper part of a boat'. All but the last meanings are summarized in the dictionary as 'relatively thick lateral extension of the upper of front part of something, such as the forelimb of an animal or person, or an important part of it'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural forms: i=nɬ-ˈaš 'fingers', i=nɬ 'hands', ˈi=nɬ-ox 'arms'.
Number:38
Word:head
Seri:i=ɬˈit1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 411. Polysemy: 'head / hair of head'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: i=ɬˈit-kox. Same word as 'hair' q.v.
Moser & Marlett 2010: 428. Polysemy: 'antenna (of lobster or insect) / horn, horns / antler, antlers'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: 3 pl. possessor i=tˈaːmaɬk-ox.
Number:42
Word:I
Seri:ʔɛ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 367, 838. Polysemy: 'I / we'. Word class: pronoun. In 19th century word lists the first person singular pronoun 'I' differs from the plural 'we' and is attested as ive, ibe, ivve ~ ove, ivé [Marlett 2010: 32]. Cf. ʔatˈɛː 'I (emphatic), I think, as far as I'm concerned' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 356].
Number:43
Word:kill
Seri:k=i=kʷ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 485. Word class: transitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. i=t=ˈakʷ, impf. 3 sg. i=t=ˈako-tim, pf. 3 pl. i=t=ˈakʷ-t, impf. 3 pl. i=t=ˈakʷ-tox. Secondary synonyms: ʔakχ k=a=m=ˈiːʔit 'kill (a person)' (causative of ʔakχ k=m=iːʔ 'die', q.v.) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 126], k=aʔ=ˈinɛx 'kill, massacre, wipe out, make extinct' (causative of k=ˈinɛx '(be) empty') [Moser & Marlett 2010: 109], k=ˈoː=ikʷ 'kill' (detransitive of k=i=kʷ) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 219], ikˈiːsaχ šo kakˈapat 'kill', literally 'make his spirit fly' (rare) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 89-90].
Number:44
Word:knee
Seri:i=ɸɬk1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 393. Word class: possessed noun. Plural forms: 3 sg. possessor i=ɸɬk, 3 pl. possessor ˈi=ɸaɬk-ox.
Number:45
Word:know
Seri:k=ˈiy=a1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 544. Polysemy: 'know / be able to / do repeatedly'. Word class: irregular transitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. i=t=ˈaː, pf. 3 pl. i=t=ˈaː-x, impf. 3 pl. i=t=ˈaː-xam.
Moser & Marlett 2010: 98-99. Polysemy: 'long / tall'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=ˈakʷsχax, 3 pl. t=ˈakʷɬa. Secondary synonym: toːχ kˈiyat 'long', from toːχ 'far away' and k=ˈiyat 'reach' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 545].
Number:50
Word:louse
Seri:iː1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 400. Glossed as 'head louse'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: iː-t. Absolutive: ʔa=i. Distinct from i=sk 'body louse' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 425].
Number:51
Word:man
Seri:ktam1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 257-258. Polysemy: 'man / male / larger or longer item (such as long projectile point, tall boojum, or tall barrel cactus)'. Word class: noun. Plural: ktam-kʷ, (archaic) ktˈamo-xox.
Number:52
Word:many
Seri:k=ˈatχo1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 155. Polysemy: 'many / much / abundant'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=ˈatχo; 3 pl. t-ˈatχo-x, t=ˈatχo-xam.
Number:53
Word:meat
Seri:i=pχˈasi1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 423. Polysemy: 'meat / flesh / soft part of plant'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: i=pχˈaš.
Moser & Marlett 2010: 347. Polysemy: 'rock, stone / hill / mountain'. Word class: noun. Plural: ʔˈasat-ox. Identical with 'stone' q.v.
Number:56
Word:mouth
Seri:i=tˈɛːn1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 432. Glossed as 'opening, inside of mouth'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: i=tˈɛːn-kox. Secondary synonym: ˈi=ta 'mouth (of animal or thing)', archaic [Moser & Marlett 2010: 428]. The following example shows that the latter word can also be applied to human mouth: ˈIta ʔant imˈoːit ˈiʔa 'He talks too much' (literally, 'His mouth doesn't close') [ibid.].
Moser & Marlett 2010: 564-565. Word class: adjective. Cf. the intransitive verb k=ˈašox 'alone / be one' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 160-161] and the interjection tˈoːxom 'one' (an archaic word, used only in counting) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 571].
Number:64
Word:person
Seri:šiːχ kˈiːsaχ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 631. Plural: χˈiːka kˈiːstoχ. Literally: 'thing that has life' (cf. šiːχ 'thing' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 616] and k=ˈiː=sa-χ 'have life' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 507]). Secondary synonyms: kmˈiːkɛ 'Seri (person) / person (in limited contexts)' (plural komkˈaːk) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 187], k=ˈoː=p-tim 'person', archaic (subject noun, derived from k=oː=p 'dig out (using tool) / stitch a basket') [Moser & Marlett 2010: 225].
Number:65
Word:rain
Seri:ˈi=pka1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 420-421. Word class: deverbal noun (action/oblique). Derived from the intransitive impersonal verb k=ˈapka 'rain, precipitate' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 135].
Number:66
Word:red
Seri:k=ʔɛːɬ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 178-179. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=ʔɛːɬ, 3 pl. t=ʔɛːɬ. Apparently derived from ʔɛːɬ 'purple prickly pear (Opuntia gosseliniana)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 368-369]. In 19th century word lists the word is attested as kevilch, kebls [Marlett 2010: 56], with the phoneme -w- or -v-, completely lost in modern Seri. Secondary synonyms: k=kiʔxʷ 'red' (intransitive verb, basic forms: 3 sg. t=tiʔxʷ, 3 pl. t=tˈiʔxʷ-ɬka) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 252], k=ˈaktox 'red', archaic (intransitive verb, basic forms: 3 sg. t=ˈaktox, 3 pl. t=ˈakto-ɬka) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 98].
Number:67
Word:road
Seri:ʔˈaːʔo1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 302. Word class: noun. Plural: ʔˈaːʔo-ɬkam.
Number:68
Word:root
Seri:i=χˈaːi1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 436. Polysemy: 'root (of plant, of tongue) / base (of hill), foundation (of house)'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: i=χˈaːi-kox, i=χˈaː-koɬ.
Number:69
Word:round (3D)1
Seri:k=tˈoknix1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 261. Glossed as 'round, spherical'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=tˈoknix, 3 pl. t=tˈokna-ɬka.
Number:69
Word:round (2D)2
Seri:k=pˈɛːtix1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 246. Glossed as 'circular, round'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=pˈɛːtix, 3 pl. t=pˈɛːtiɬ-k.
Moser & Marlett 2010: 565. Word class: irregular intransitive verb. "Occurs with an indirect quote, typically with reduced accent". This is the only verb used in the diagnostic context "X says/said that Y". Secondary synonyms: k=ɛː 'say / mean, signify' (intransitive verb, "Generally an addressee is not mentioned") [Moser & Marlett 2010: 472], k=i=ʔ 'put (soft thing, like clothing) / do (an action), make / say, pronounce, declare, talk about' (transitive verb, the direct object is the utterance or the addressee) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 487], k=iː 'say to, tell' (transitive verb, the direct object is the addressee, the utterance is indirectly presented as "thus") [Moser & Marlett 2010: 494-495], k=i=mχ 'say, tell' (transitive verb, does not allow an indirect object) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 517], kʷ=k=aːmχ 'say (something, to someone) / promise (something, to someone)' (transitive verb, requires a singular indirect object, referring to the addressee) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 273].
Number:72
Word:see
Seri:k=ˈi=ʔo1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 493. Polysemy: 'see / find / look at / recognize / have'. Word class: transitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. i=t=ˈaʔo, impf. 3 sg. i=t=ˈaʔo-tim, pf. 3 pl. i=t=ˈaʔ-t, impf. 3 pl. i=t=ˈaʔ-toɬka. Cf. also the detransitivized verb k=okˈo=ʔo 'see', derived from k=ˈi=ʔo [Moser & Marlett 2010: 200].
Number:73
Word:seed
Seri:ˈi=ʔik1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 397. Polysemy: 'seed / pit (of a fruit)'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: ˈi=ʔi[x]k.
Number:74
Word:sit
Seri:k=iːx1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 498-499. Polysemy: 'seated, sit / be (seated)'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. t=iːx; impf. 3 sg. t=ˈiːkoɬ-im; pf. 3 pl. t=ˈaʔka; impf. 3 pl. t=ˈaʔaxka (human beings and animals), t=ˈoːχa-ɬka (things).
Number:75
Word:skin
Seri:i=nˈaːiɬ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 416. Polysemy: 'skin of a person / skin or hide of an animal / epidermis or bark of a plant or tree / skin or peel of a fruit or vegetable / shell of an egg / shell of a mollusk / exoskeleton of an arthropod / exterior part of a bottle or can / casing or shell of a bullet / body of an automobile'. The general meaning of this word is defined in the dictionary as 'the integral part of something that encases it'. Word class: possessed noun. Plural: i=nˈaːax (i=nˈaːiɬ-k for shells of mollusks).
Moser & Marlett 2010: 528. Glossed as 'small, little, miniature'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=ˈisiɬ; 3 pl. t=ˈišiɬ, t=iχt, t=ˈiχat. Antonym: k=ˈaːkox 'large, big' q.v. Secondary synonyms: ʔˈɛːkɛ 'young (especially animal) / small' (adjective, plural: ʔˈɛːk-to) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 371], koːɬ 'small' (adjective, archaic) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 223], šaːk 'small' (adjective, plural: šˈaːka-ɬk) "This word is found only in a few expressions. It does not have a predicative usage" [Moser & Marlett 2010: 609].
Number:78
Word:smoke
Seri:ʔamk=ˈaːχat1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 320. Word class: noun. Plural: ʔamk=ˈaːχata-ɬka. Cf. ʔamˈak 'fire' q.v., and k=ˈaːχat 'be with smoke or steam' (intransitive verb) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 82].
Number:79
Word:stand
Seri:k=aːp1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 74. Polysemy: 'be standing / be (standing)'. Word class: irregular intransitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. t=ap; impf. 3 sg. t=ˈap-tim; pf. 3 pl. t=oiː, t=ˈoːyox, t=ˈoːyoɬ-kam; impf. 3 pl. t=ˈoːyoɬ-ka.
Number:80
Word:star
Seri:ˈašox1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 52. Polysemy: 'star / planet'. Word class: noun. Plural: ašɬ-k, ašɬ. Variant: ˈiːšox. "Some people use the variant ˈiːšox when talking about less notable stars in the sky". In 19th century word lists the word is attested as vasoh, bassojh, vashój, vassoglh [Marlett 2010: 25], with the phoneme w- or v-, completely lost in modern Seri. Secondary synonyms: ˈašox kˈanox 'star / sea star (general term) (Asteroidea)' [ibid.] (cf. k=ˈanox 'burn with a hissing sound'), ʔamˈak 'fire / lamp / star (archaic)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 318].
Number:81
Word:stone
Seri:ʔast1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 347. Polysemy: 'rock, stone / hill / mountain'. Word class: noun. Plural: ʔˈasat-ox. Same word as 'mountain' q.v.
Number:82
Word:sun
Seri:šaːʔ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 609. Polysemy: 'sun / sunshine, sunlight / day / clock / a venus clam similar to but larger than kamˈašxix (Megapitaria aurantiaca)'. Word class: noun. Secondary synonyms: ʔant kʷkˈiyoka 'sun' (archaic, literally 'that which buds out of earth', from k=ˈiyoš 'bud out') [Moser & Marlett 2010: 326], šiːχ ʔamˈiːmɛ kˈaːo 'sun' (archaic (San Esteban dialect), literally 'thing which travels in the sky') [Moser & Marlett 2010: 622].
Number:83
Word:swim
Seri:k=ˈakat1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 90. Word class: irregular intransitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. t=ˈakat, impf. 3 sg. t=ˈakat-im, pf. 3 pl. t=ˈakat-ax, impf. 3 pl. t=ˈakat-aɬka. "Conjugated as if the root began with a long vowel".
Moser & Marlett 2010: 372. Polysemy: 'plant / bush / tree / wood / stick / club / meter'. Word class: noun. Plural: ʔˈɛʔɛ-t. Secondary synonyms: ʔˈɛʔɛ ʔant iʔˈiti 'tree' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 374] (in the 2005 dictionary glossed as 'trunk of tree' [Moser & Marlett 2005: 373]) and ʔˈɛʔɛ ʔant kˈiti 'tree / large and well-established cactus' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 374] (cf. ʔant 'earth' q.v., and k=ˈiti 'connected (something "standing")' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 536]).
Number:91
Word:two
Seri:k=oːkx1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 216. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=oːkx, 3 pl. t=ˈoːkaɬ-kam. Cf. the interjection kˈaxkom 'two' (an archaic word, used only in counting) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 120].
Number:92
Word:walk (go)
Seri:ko=nt=ˈi=k=a #1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 214. Polysemy: 'go away / go'. Word class: irregular intransitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. ko=nt=ˈi=t=a, impf. 3 sg. ko=nt=ˈi=t=a-tim, pf. 3 pl. ko=nt=ˈi=t=a-t, impf. 3 pl. ko=nt=ˈi=t=a-toɬka. The verb has the same root as mˈo=k=a 'come' q.v. According to [Moser & Marlett 2010: 454], the prefix nt= "[o]ccurs with only a few verbs to indicate motion away". Another candidate is k=ˈataχ 'go / walk / move' (intransitive verb, basic forms: pf. 3 sg. t=ˈataχ, impf. 3 sg. t=ˈataχ-im, pf. 3 pl. t=aɬχ, impf. 3 pl. t=ˈaɬaχ-oɬka). Examples in the dictionary show that ko=nt=ˈi=k=a is used when the goal of motion is explicitly mentioned, as in ʔant poɸˈiː ta, ʔɛ Sokˈaːiχ kontˈisa kˈaʔa 'Tomorrow morning I'm going to Punta Chueca' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 176], whereas k=ˈataχ occurs in phrases like ʔatˈɛː somkˈaːtaχ ˈaʔa 'I won't go' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 53].
Number:93
Word:warm (hot)
Seri:k=matx1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 184. Glossed as 'hot'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=matx, 3 pl. t=mˈatšiɬ. Antonym: k=aːpɬ 'cold' q.v. Distinct from k=mˈɛkɛ 'warm, lukewarm' (intransitive verb, basic forms: pf. 3 sg. t=mˈɛkɛ, impf. 3 sg. t=mˈɛkɛ-tim, pf. 3 pl. t=mˈɛk-tox, impf. 3 pl. t=mˈɛkɛ-xam) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 186].
Number:94
Word:water
Seri:ʔa=χ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 359. Polysemy: 'fresh water / superficial well'. Word class: possessed noun. 3 sg. possessor iː=χ. Plural: ʔˈa=χa-xam. Secondary synonyms: χˈiːka ʔapˈam 'water', archaic, literally 'substance that is swallowed' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 588], χˈiːka kosˈiːin 'water', archaic, literally 'substance that lies down near' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 587].
Number:95
Word:we
Seri:ʔɛ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 367, 838. Polysemy: 'I / we'. Word class: pronoun. In 19th century word lists the first person plural pronoun 'we' differs from the singular 'I' and is attested as oˈve, ove, ové [Marlett 2010: 32].
Number:96
Word:what
Seri:aš1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 51. Polysemy: 'what (question) / who (question)'. Word class: pronoun. "The usage in the sense of 'who' is not common". Variant: ʔaš.
Number:97
Word:white
Seri:k=oːχp1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 231. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: pf. 3 sg. t=oːχp; impf. 3 sg. t=ˈoːχap-im; pf. 3 pl. t=ˈoːχap-ox; impf. 3 pl. t=ˈoːχap-oɬka.
Number:98
Word:who
Seri:kiːʔ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 496. Glossed as 'who, whom, whose (question)'. Word class: pronoun. Secondary synonyms: ʔaːʔkʷ 'who (question)' (archaic) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 302], aš 'what (question) / who (question)' ("The usage in the sense of 'who' is not common") [Moser & Marlett 2010: 51]. Cf. also ʔˈaki 'which, which one, who (question)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 342].
Number:99
Word:woman
Seri:kmaːm1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 181. Polysemy: 'woman / female / kangaroo rat (Dipodomys sp.) / an unidentified mollusk'. Word class: noun. Plural of 'woman': kmaxˈiːk; (archaic) kmaxˈɛaːxox. Secondary synonym: šiːχ kipnˈaːiɬ 'woman' (archaic, literally 'thing with skirt') [Moser & Marlett 2010: 631].
Moser & Marlett 2010: 571. Glossed as 'far away'. Word class: preposed adverb. Cf. ˈaːmo 'a bit far away, at an intermediate distance / for a long time' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 39] and koɬχ 'very high up / distant (on the sea)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 209].
Moser & Marlett 2010: 528. Glossed as 'small, little, miniature'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=ˈisiɬ; 3 pl. t=ˈišiɬ, t=iχt, t=ˈiχat. Two words glossed as 'short' in the dictionary are not eligible: k=ˈoːxox 'bajito / short (in stature)' (intransitive verb) [Moser & Marlett 2010: 222] and pˈoːtsi 'chaparro, que dejó de crecer / short, stunted' (adjective, rarely used) - a loanword from Southern Uto-Aztecan languages [Moser & Marlett 2010: 468]. Note that neither of these two words is glossed as 'corto' in Spanish. We tentatively choose k=ˈisiɬ because this word is translated as 'corto / short' in the following two examples: ʔap kiʔ kasˈoːpoɬka kap itˈaːmaɬka kiʔ ʔoːχ insˈoːpɬox, ʔoːχ oː tiχt. 'Los cuernos de un venado bura con una punta en cada cuerno son muy gruesos y cortos. / The antlers of a spike horn mule deer are very thick and short' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 147] and ʔaktˈaːpa ʔyˈaːi kiʔ tˈisiɬ ma, iʔmˈaː š ˈiyat iʔyošˈam. 'Como el palo para recolectar fruta que hice es corto, puse otro en su punta (para alargarlo). / Since the pole that I made is short, I put another one on the end (to make it longer)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 313].
Number:106
Word:snake
Seri:šiːχ kokˈašni ʔant kʷkiːʔ1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 199. Glossed as 'general term for biting snakes'. Literally: 'thing similar to rattlesnake' (k=o=kˈašni 'rattlesnake, especially western diamondback (Crotalus spp., especially C. atrox)' [ibid.], derived from k=kˈašni 'bite (snake) / pinch (crab)' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 172]). Cf. šiːχ koˈiːmax ʔant kʷkiːʔ 'general term for non-biting snakes', literally 'thing similar to whipsnake' (koˈiːmax 'coachwhip, whipsnake (Masticophis spp., including M. bilineatus, M. flagellum, M. slevini)') [Moser & Marlett 2010: 207].
Number:107
Word:thin (2D)1
Seri:k=χˈatkax1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 263. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=χˈatkax, 3 pl. t=χatɬk. The word is applied to animal skin [Moser & Marlett 2010: 244, 247], tree bark [Moser & Marlett 2010: 119] etc. In the first edition of the dictionary it is glossed as 'thin (like paper)' [Moser & Marlett 2005: 264].
Number:107
Word:thin (1D)2
Seri:k=ˈoːsot1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 228. Glossed as 'thin, narrow'. Word class: intransitive verb. Basic forms: 3 sg. t=ˈoːsot, 3 pl. t=ˈoːsot-ox. For the meaning 'thin (1D)' cf. the compounds ˈɛːnim kˈoːsot 'wire / nail', literally 'thin metal' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 295] and kˈaːsoɬ ˈitak kˈoːsotox 'slender burro brush', literally 'kˈaːsoɬ with thin stem' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 80].
Number:108
Word:wind
Seri:ʔai1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 315. Polysemy: 'wind / breeze / north wind / air'. Word class: noun. In 19th century word lists the word is attested as âve, abb, avb̌ǐ (avü) [Marlett 2010: 26], with the phoneme -w- or -v-, completely lost in modern Seri.
Number:109
Word:worm
Seri:
Not attested properly. No term for 'earthworm' is found in the dictionary and, perhaps, no such term exists, given the conditions of Sonoran Desert. Cf. kmˈiːkɛ kʷkˈaškim 'worm', literally: 'that which enters into a person' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 188]; χˈiːka kkˈamotam 'worms', literally 'things with life' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 587] and potˈaː 'larva, maggot' [Moser & Marlett 2010: 468].
Number:110
Word:year
Seri:ʔant1
Moser & Marlett 2010: 324. Polysemy: 'earth, dirt, land / world, earth / place / year / weather'. Word class: noun. Same word as 'earth' q.v. The polysemy 'earth / year' reminds of two similar cases: šaːʔ 'sun / day' and ˈiːšaχ 'moon / month'.