Wedekind 1990: 140. Also zùtt-āmbàːsē id. Both forms seem to be derived from the verb zùːtū 'to assemble, unite'. The second is quoted as zùtː-āmbàsē in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 19].
Wedekind 1990: 104; Rapold 2006: 614. Cf. ke̋p 'all' in the She dialect [Wedekind 1990: 105].
Dorze:wuːri4
Alemayeh 2002: 13.
NUMBER:1
WORD:all
Yem:kùpʼ-ìrà2
Wedekind 1990: 140. Also kùpʼ-āmbàːsē id. Both forms seem to be derived from the verb kùpʼō 'to call together'. Quoted as kupʼ-ira (kʋ́-āːmbàsǐ in the Fofa dialect) in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 19]. Semantic difference between zùtt- and kùpʼ- is unclear; we have to include both forms as technical synonyms.
Chara:ˈurɐri4
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 22. Not clear how this is different from fˈitt-a.
Wedekind 1990: 124; Aklilu et al. 2002: 19. For the Fofa dialect, the latter source indicates the variant gōːŋā; for the Toba dialect, the variant gōːgóː, which may be a separate root, cf. gòːgō 'skin, hide' in [Wedekind 1990: 124].
Chara:gˈong-a1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14. Same word as 'skin' q.v.
Bench:kʼòmpʼār3
Wedekind 1990: 107. Quoted as gòpʼār ~ gòmpʼār in [Rapold 2006: 615].
Dorze:pʼokʼ-o4
Alemayeh 2002: 8.
NUMBER:3
WORD:bark
Yem:
Chara:gˈurʔ-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14. Difference between gˈong-a and gˈurʔ-a is not explained.
Bench:
Dorze:
NUMBER:4
WORD:belly
Yem:kàt-à1
Wedekind 1990: 127. Quoted as kàtàa̋ in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 19]. Distinct from gàrb-ā 'stomach' [Wedekind 1990: 123].
Chara:ʔˈiːn-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14. Quoted as yin-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 177]. The dialectal form karas (of Semitic origin) is also quoted in [Cerulli 1938: 170]. Another dialectal equivalent is ulan-aː 'belly, paunch' [Cerulli 1938: 161].
Bench:ʂi̋l3
Wedekind 1990: 111. Quoted as ʆi̋l, with polysemy: 'belly / large intestine' in [Rapold 2006: 609].
Dorze:gaːw-o4
Alemayeh 2002: 7.
NUMBER:5
WORD:big
Yem:àkàm-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 116; Aklilu et al. 2002: 19. Polysemy: 'big / much / many'. Cf. also the "respect" form ínɲà 'big' [Wedekind 1990: 126], quoted as ínːyà in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 19]. Cf. also àw 'great, big' [Wedekind 1990: 118].
Chara:mˈeːs-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20. Quoted as meːs-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 172].
Bench:ěz ~ e̋z3
Wedekind 1990: 102. The high-tone variant is glossed as 'big, very'. Quoted as ěz in [Rapold 2006: 617].
Dorze:dar-a4
Alemayeh 2002: 13.
NUMBER:6
WORD:bird
Yem:kàs-à1
Wedekind 1990: 127. Quoted as kāsāː for the Fofa dialect in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 19]. For Yemsa proper, the equivalent in the latter source is mēːǯmār, but in [Wedekind 1990: 131] this word is listed as mēːǯmār 'bird (species of)'.
Chara:kˈaf-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 17.
Bench:šǒyt3
Wedekind 1990: 111; Rapold 2006: 608. Differently in the Mer dialect: kāp [Wedekind 1990: 104; Rapold 2006: 608].
Dorze:kapʼ-o2
Alemayeh 2002: 10.
NUMBER:7
WORD:bite
Yem:sáʔr-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 133. Quoted as sáāːʔr-á in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 19]; cf. also sáːʔō-ā for the Fofa and saːr for the Toba dialects [ibid.].
Chara:sˈasʼ-2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18.
Bench:sȁcʼ2
Wedekind 1990: 109. Quoted as sȁcʼ ~ sȁʔ in [Rapold 2006: 618].
Dorze:saθθ-ir2
Alemayeh 2002: 11.
NUMBER:8
WORD:black
Yem:kàr-á1
Wedekind 1990: 127. Quoted as kàr-āa̋ in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 19].
Chara:kɐrt-ˈa1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20. Quoted as kart-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 170].
Wedekind 1990: 135; Aklilu et al. 2002: 19. Meaning glossed simply as 'breast'; no separate entry specifically for 'chest' (male).
Chara:tʼˈam-a #1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14. Meaning glossed simply as 'breast'; no separate entry specifically for 'chest' (male).
Bench:dūcʼ2
Rapold 2006: 609. Meaning glossed as 'chest'. This word is not attested in [Wedekind 1990], where only the equivalent for 'female breast' is listed: tʼyàm [Wedekind 1990: 112; Rapold 2006: 609]. Cf. also súskn̄ 'breast (of either sex)' in [Rapold 2006: 609].
Dorze:
Not attested. Cf. ʈansi 'breast' in [Alemayeh 2002: 7].
NUMBER:12
WORD:burn tr.
Yem:sòːk-à1
Wedekind 1990: 134; Aklilu et al. 2002: 19. Transitive verb. Cf. also kīːčīː 'burn' for the Fofa dialect in the latter source; it is not specifically indicated if this form is transitive or intransitive (but since it correlates with kíːč-ū 'burn, be hot' in [Wedekind 1990: 128], probably intransitive).
Chara:mˈičʼ-2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18.
Bench:bún-c-3
Wedekind 1990: 99. Transitive stem; cf. the intransitive correlate bún-kʼ-. Cf. also a separate intransitive stem: kʼȅcʼ 'to burn' [Wedekind 1990: 106]. Glossed as bún 'to burn (iterative)', bún-s 'to burn (transitive)' in [Rapold 2006: 618-619].
Dorze:θugitt-ires4
Alemayeh 2002: 11.
NUMBER:13
WORD:claw(nail)
Yem:dìf-nà1
Wedekind 1990: 121; Aklilu et al. 2002: 20.
Chara:šʼˈug-na2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14. Quoted as cung-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 175]. Cf. qienc-aː 'nail' in another dialect [Cerulli 1938: 174].
Bench:cʼūng2
Wedekind 1990: 110; Rapold 2006: 609. In [Wedekind 1990], the meaning is glossed as 'claw'; in [Rapold 2006], the word is specifically listed with polysemy: 'claw / nail', and said to be distinct from šȁn 'hoof'.
Dorze:θuguns2
Alemayeh 2002: 8.
NUMBER:14
WORD:cloud
Yem:šāːr-ù1
Wedekind 1990: 134; Aklilu et al. 2002: 20. For the Fofa dialect, a different equivalent is quoted: gūmālá 'cloud' [Aklilu et al. 2002: 20].
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 19. Said of water. Distinct from čʼalk-ˈa 'cold (of air)'.
Bench:kʼōg3
Wedekind 1990: 107. Adjectival stem; the verb is kʼóg 'be cold'. Differently in [Rapold 2006: 617]: kòbs 'cold'.
Dorze:irθ-a4
Alemayeh 2002: 11.
NUMBER:16
WORD:come
Yem:yè ~ y-ō1
Wedekind 1990: 139; Aklilu et al. 2002: 20 (in the latter source, the first form is listed as yéʔ). The form y-ō is the infinitive, with the usual ending -o. Cf. also the "respectful" equivalent, glossed as òf-ō [Wedekind 1990: 132; Aklilu et al. 2002: 20].
Chara:wˈoy-1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18. Cf. y- 'to come' in [Cerulli 1938: 177]; waː 'to come' in [Cerulli 1938: 176].
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 15. Quoted as ay- in [Cerulli 1938: 163].
Bench:hàyb ~ hàyb-kʼ2
Wedekind 1990: 104; Rapold 2006: 619. Cf. àyb- ~ àyb-kʼ- 'to die' in the Mer dialect [Wedekind 1990: 98].
Dorze:hayʔ-ires2
Alemayeh 2002: 9.
NUMBER:18
WORD:dog
Yem:kàn-à1
Wedekind 1990: 127; Aklilu et al. 2002: 20. Quoted in the latter source as kān-ā for the Fofa dialect.
Chara:kˈan-a1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18. Quoted as kan-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 170].
Bench:kyān1
Wedekind 1990: 106; Rapold 2006: 608.
Dorze:kan-a1
Alemayeh 2002: 11.
NUMBER:19
WORD:drink
Yem:úš-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 137; Aklilu et al. 2002: 20. Cf. the "respectful" equivalent kúyk-ū [Wedekind 1990: 130; Aklilu et al. 2002: 20]. Quoted as ʔuš for the Fofa dialect [Aklilu et al. 2002: 20].
Chara:ˈuš-ša1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 15. Imperative form. Quoted as uš- in [Cerulli 1938: 163].
Bench:ùʂ ~ ùʂ-k1
Wedekind 1990: 112. Quoted as ȕʆ in [Rapold 2006: 619].
Rapold 2006: 609 (glossed as pűʆkn̄ - Rapold's ʆ regularly corresponds to Wedekind's ʂ). Not attested in [Wedekind 1990].
Dorze:ball-e3
Alemayeh 2002: 10.
NUMBER:28
WORD:fire
Yem:gēy-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 124; Aklilu et al. 2002: 21 (also gēː id. in the latter source).
Chara:tˈam-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18. Quoted as tam-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 176].
Bench:tām2
Wedekind 1990: 154; Rapold 2006: 615.
Dorze:tam-a2
Alemayeh 2002: 11.
NUMBER:29
WORD:fish
Yem:čʼōpʼ-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 120. Quoted as šʼōpʼ-ā in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 21]. Additional synonym: kʼùrtʼūmī 'fish' [Wedekind 1990: 130], quoted as kʼùrtʼǔmī in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 21].
Chara:mol-ˈa2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 17. Quoted as mul-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 172].
Bench:ōrú3
Wedekind 1990: 109; Rapold 2006: 615.
Dorze:mol-e2
Alemayeh 2002: 10.
NUMBER:30
WORD:fly v.
Yem:
Not attested in our principal source. In [Aklilu et al. 2002: 21], only the equivalents for the Fofa (fʋ̄l-ò) and Toba (fūl-í) dialects are given.
Chara:wˈol-1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 17.
Bench:pȕk2
Wedekind 1990: 109; Rapold 2006: 619.
Dorze:pʼirapʼ-ires3
Alemayeh 2002: 10.
NUMBER:31
WORD:foot
Yem:òč-ō #1
Wedekind 1990: 132. Polysemy: 'leg / foot'. Cf. also the "respectful" form: tìb-ō 'leg, foot' [Wedekind 1990: 136]. Cf. also zòːm-ā 'leg (lower); foot' [Wedekind 1990: 140]. In [Aklilu et al. 2002: 21], ʔōč-óː is given as the equivalent for 'foot' in the Fofa and Toba dialects; for Yemsa proper, the form òrg-ō is listed. On the whole, a rather confused situation; we prefer to list at least òč-ō and òrg-ō as technical synonyms.
Chara:tˈaːy-a3
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14. Quoted as taːy ~ toːy-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 176].
Wedekind 1990: 131; Aklilu et al. 2002: 21. Meaning glossed as 'full, levelled'. Cf. also tùːn-ū 'to fill'; tùːm-à 'much filled'; tùːm-ì 'filled sufficiently' [Wedekind 1990: 137]. In [Aklilu et al. 2002: 21], tʋ̄ːmāː is listed in the meaning 'full' for the Fofa dialect.
Chara:sʼosʼ-ˈa2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 21.
Bench:
Not attested in Wedekind's data. Cf., however, ɕʼȍ-n 'full' in [Rapold 2006: 617].
Dorze:kumeð3
Alemayeh 2002: 14.
NUMBER:33
WORD:give
Yem:ím-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 126; Aklilu et al. 2002: 21. Cf. also the "respectful" equivalent kúš-ō [Wedekind 1990: 129]. In [Aklilu et al. 2002: 21], the verb wōlg-ū is also listed as 'to give', but in [Wedekind 1990: 138] it is given in the meaning 'to give back, return'.
Chara:ʔˈín2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 15. Quoted as im- in [Cerulli 1938: 161].
Bench:úc3
Wedekind 1990: 156; Rapold 2006: 619. Rapold analyzes the word as út-s and defines it as a causative formation from ēt 'to take'.
Rapold 2006: 610. Not attested in Wedekind's materials.
Dorze:ɕililo2
Alemayeh 2002: 12.
NUMBER:36
WORD:hair
Yem:sōm-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 133; Aklilu et al. 2002: 21.
Chara:kˈus-naʔ2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 13. Quoted as kus-naː in [Cerulli 1938: 170].
Bench:nánčʼ #3
Rapold 2006: 609. This word is not attested in [Wedekind 1990]; however, in Rapold's vocabulary it is explicitly listed as the default equivalent for the meaning 'hair on head'. At the same time, the word kűst, glossed in [Wedekind 1990: 106] with polysemy: 'hair / fur', is glossed by Rapold as 'hair on the body except on head' (he does admit that dȅb kűst 'head hair' is also used by some speakers, but clearly as a secondary alternative). We tentatively list nánčʼ as the default equivalent for the required meaning 'hair of head'.
Dorze:isk-e4
Alemayeh 2002: 7.
NUMBER:37
WORD:hand
Yem:kúš-ū1
Wedekind 1990: 129. Quoted as kùš-ū in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 21].
Chara:kuč-ˈa1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14. Quoted as kučč-aː ~ kučč-eː in [Cerulli 1938: 170].
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 13. Quoted as toʔy-aː ~ toʔy ~ toy-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 176].
Bench:dȅb3
Wedekind 1990: 100; Rapold 2006: 609. Polysemy: 'head / top / on top of, on'. Cf. also tóh 'top' in [Rapold 2006: 609].
Dorze:huːpʼ-e4
Alemayeh 2002: 7.
NUMBER:39
WORD:hear
Yem:ōd-ō1
Wedekind 1990: 132; Aklilu et al. 2002: 21. The "respectful" equivalent is wèːs-ō [Wedekind 1990: 138; Aklilu et al. 2002: 21].
Chara:hayt-nˈa2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 13. Imperative form. Quoted as hayɗ- in [Cerulli 1938: 169].
Bench:sȉs- ~ sȉs-k-3
Wedekind 1990: 158; Rapold 2006: 619.
Dorze:šuy-res3
Alemayeh 2002: 7.
NUMBER:40
WORD:heart
Yem:nīb-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 132; Aklilu et al. 2002: 21. In the latter source, quoted as níb-ā for the Fofa dialect.
Chara:maːy-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14. Same word as 'liver' q.v.
Bench:múzār3
Wedekind 1990: 107; Rapold 2006: 609. The alternate synonym máy is glossed with polysemy: 'heart / liver / feelings' in [Wedekind 1990: 107] and as 'seat of emotions, liver' in [Rapold 2006: 609].
Dorze:wozan-a4
Alemayeh 2002: 8.
NUMBER:41
WORD:horn
Yem:kàl-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 127; Aklilu et al. 2002: 22.
Chara:ˈuš-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 17.
Bench:pēl3
Wedekind 1990: 109. According to [Raold 2006: 609], pēl is applied to sheep, antelopes, cows, and "can be used as drinking cup"; the term is opposed to úškn̄ 'horn, of cows only; is not used for drinking cup'. We select pēl as the more generic term.
Dorze:kaɕe4
Alemayeh 2002: 10.
NUMBER:42
WORD:I
Yem:tā1
Wedekind 1990: 135; Aklilu et al. 2002: 22.
Chara:tˈa-ni1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 21. Quoted as taː in [Cerulli 1938: 125].
Bench:tȁ1
Wedekind 1990: 160. Focus form; the non-focus variant is tā. Cf. also the absolutive form: tȁ-n (same also in [Rapold 2006: 614]).
Dorze:ta-ni1
Alemayeh 2002: 14.
NUMBER:43
WORD:kill
Yem:kèǯ-à1
Wedekind 1990: 128. Cf. also tèǯ-à id. [Wedekind 1990: 136]. Cf. also wòr-ū 'kill' [Wedekind 1990: 138]. All three of these terms are also encountered, without explication of semantic differences, in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 22]. Additionally, cf. wóːr-í 'kill' for the Toba dialect and yet another stem, gōrūwāː 'to kill', for the Fofa dialect.
Chara:wˈotʼ-2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 17. Quoted as woɗ in [Cerulli 1938: 176].
Bench:wōtʼ2
Wedekind 1990: 113; Rapold 2006: 619. Cf. also the nominal stem wòtʼ 'death' [Wedekind 1990: 113].
Dorze:wor-ires3
Alemayeh 2002: 10.
NUMBER:44
WORD:knee
Yem:kēʔ-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 128; Aklilu et al. 2002: 22.
Chara:kʼum-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14.
Bench:kʼūm2
Wedekind 1990: 107. Cf. gūr-āt ~ gūm-āt 'knee' in [Rapold 2006: 609]: these two forms can hardly reflect the same root, and are also different from Wedekind's entry in that the initial consonant is voiced and there is an extra fossilized suffix, so the relation between all these attested forms is not entirely clear.
Dorze:suːl-e3
Alemayeh 2002: 8.
NUMBER:45
WORD:know
Yem:àrū1
Wedekind 1990: 117; Aklilu et al. 2002: 22.
Chara:ˈar-1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 22. Quoted as ar- in [Cerulli 1938: 162].
Bench:ēr1
Wedekind 1990: 101; Rapold 2006: 619.
Dorze:
Not attested.
NUMBER:46
WORD:leaf
Yem:tòš-à1
Wedekind 1990: 136; Aklilu et al. 2002: 22.
Chara:wˈuy-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14.
Bench:háy2
Rapold 2006: 609. Same word as 'ear' q.v. (also attested as i̋nč háy, literally 'tree-ear'). Not attested in our main source, where we only find kár 'leaf of palm' and kòč 'leaf (blade) of grass' [Wedekind 1990: 162], neither of these the generic equivalent for 'tree-leaf'.
Dorze:way-e2
Alemayeh 2002: 8. Same word as 'ear' q.v.
NUMBER:47
WORD:lie
Yem:kūn-ā #1
Wedekind 1990: 129. Meaning glossed as 'lie and sleep'. In [Aklilu et al. 2002: 22], kūn-ā is glossed simply as 'sleep' (although as a sub-meaning to 'lie, he lies down'); the word éšā 'lie, he lies down' is dubious, since it is the same as éš-a 'lie (n.)' (i. e. 'untruth') in [Wedekind 1990: 122].
Chara:gˈetik-2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 21.
Bench:šāt-n̄ #3
Rapold 2006: 620. Meaning glossed as dynamic: 'to lie down', more accurately 'to lie down to sleep or rest a little', so the inclusion is somewhat dubious.
Wedekind 1990: 100. Quoted as ɕʼúɕʼ in [Rapold 2006: 608].
Dorze:ɕuʓʓ2
Alemayeh 2002: 10.
NUMBER:51
WORD:man
Yem:àtkʼā-sù1
Wedekind 1990: 118; Aklilu et al. 2002: 22. Derived from àtkʼà 'male'. In the latter source, listed simply as ʔāsːū 'man' for the Fofa dialect.
Chara:naːzi #2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 9. Meaning glossed as 'male / man'; the morpheme also functions as a gender marker for animate nouns. Cf. an example on usage: nazi aː ebamenne "what did the man take?" [Aklilu Yilma 2002: 12].
Bench:āc3
Wedekind 1990: 97. Same word as 'person' q.v. Cf. also ʔyán 'man, male' [Wedekind 1990: 114]. Cf. in [Rapold 2006: 612]: ʔyān 'male' vs. nás 'a definite man (not used non-referentially)'.
Dorze:as-a3
Alemayeh 2002: 9.
NUMBER:52
WORD:many
Yem:àkàm-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 116. Same word as 'big' q.v. Quoted as ʔākāpāː for the Fofa dialect in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 22]. Cf. also šòw-ō ~ šòy-ō 'much' [Wedekind 1990: 134], quoted as šōʷó 'many' in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 22].
Chara:bord-ˈa2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 21.
Bench:pʼűčʼ3
Wedekind 1990: 109; Rapold 2006: 614. Meaning glossed as 'much, many'. Additional synonyms in [Rapold 2006: 614]: (a) mya̋t; (b) ba̋yám ~ bȁyám.
Dorze:dar-o4
Alemayeh 2002: 13.
NUMBER:53
WORD:meat
Yem:àš-à1
Wedekind 1990: 117; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23.
Chara:ˈač-a1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 15. Quoted as ačč-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 160].
Bench:á1
Wedekind 1990: 97. Quoted as áɕ in [Rapold 2006: 610].
Wedekind 1990: 116; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23. Cf. also kùm-ā 'hill' [Wedekind 1990: 129]; the same root is present in some sort of compound in the Fofa dialect equivalent for 'mountain': ʔīnā-kūmáː [Aklilu et al. 2002: 23].
Chara:mˈuːt-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 19. Quoted as mut-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 173]. Cf. also der-aː 'mountain' [Cerulli 1938: 166].
Wedekind 1990: 116. Polysemy: 'mouth / language'. Complete homonymy with 'eye' (!). Quoted as ǎːf-ā in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 23].
Chara:noːn-ˈa2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 13. Quoted as noːn-aː, with polysemy: 'mouth / language' in [Cerulli 1938: 173]. The form don-aː 'mouth' in [Cerulli 1938: 166] is probably a dialectal variant (with dissimilation?). Cf. also the dialectal form kunk-aː 'mouth' [Cerulli 1938: 170].
Wedekind 1990: 132; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23. Difference between áːf-ā and nòːn-ō remains unclear.
Chara:
Bench:
Dorze:
NUMBER:57
WORD:name
Yem:sūn-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 134; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23.
Chara:sum-ˈa1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 16.
Bench:sȕm1
Wedekind 1990: 110; Rapold 2006: 616.
Dorze:sunð1
Alemayeh 2002: 10.
NUMBER:58
WORD:neck
Yem:sùːt-à1
Wedekind 1990: 134; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23.
Chara:bork-ˈa2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14. Quoted as bork-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 165]. Cf. ganneː 'neck' in [Cerulli 1938: 168].
Bench:bár2
Wedekind 1990: 98; Rapold 2006: 610. Cf. also ȕl 'front part of neck' [Wedekind 1990: 112]. Cf. also tűɕ 'back of the head, occiput' and bázgn̄ 'lower part of the back of the head' in [Rapold 2006: 610].
Dorze:kʼoːr-e3
Alemayeh 2002: 7.
NUMBER:59
WORD:new
Yem:gàdd-ō1
Wedekind 1990: 123; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23. For the Toba dialect, the listed equivalent is ādːı́s 'new', an Ethiosemitic borrowing.
Chara:kˈaːy-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20.
Bench:kʼǎy2
Wedekind 1990: 106; Rapold 2006: 617.
Dorze:ʔolað-a3
Alemayeh 2002: 13.
NUMBER:60
WORD:night
Yem:
Not attested in our primary sources. Cf. wāːlīn 'night' in the Fofa dialect and wāːlá 'night' in the Toba dialect [Aklilu et al. 2002: 23].
Chara:ˈunt-a1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 19.
Bench:urd2
Wedekind 1990: 112. Differently in [Rapold 2006: 616]: tʼȕm 'night'. In [Wedekind 1990: 112], this word is glossed with the meaning 'evening' (also verbal 'become evening, get late'); the situation needs additional investigation.
Dorze:kʼamm-a3
Alemayeh 2002: 12.
NUMBER:61
WORD:nose
Yem:sīy-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 133; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23.
Chara:sˈintʼu2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 13. Quoted as sinʔaːn ~ sinɗ-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 175]. Cf. also the dialectal form mudd-aː 'nose' [Cerulli 1938: 171].
Bench:sȉntʼ2
Wedekind 1990: 110; Rapold 2006: 610.
Dorze:sir-e3
Alemayeh 2002: 7.
NUMBER:62
WORD:not
Yem:ánè1
Lamberti 1993: 478. This basic negation is only attested in Lamberti's monograph (the rest of the sources do not tackle the issues of Yem grammar).
Chara:
Not attested.
Bench:=árg2
Rapold 2006: 614. Negative particle. Not attested in Wedekind's materials.
Dorze:
Not attested.
NUMBER:63
WORD:one
Yem:ìs-à1
Wedekind 1990: 126; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23. Listed as ʔīs-āːr for the Toba dialect in the latter source.
Chara:iss-ˈa1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 15. Quoted as iss-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 151].
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 16. Meaning glossed as 'man' (?). Quoted as as-aː ~ acc-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 162, 163].
Bench:āc1
Wedekind 1990: 97; Rapold 2006: 613. Same word as 'man' q.v. Cf. also nás 'person' [Wedekind 1990: 108].
Dorze:
Not attested.
NUMBER:65
WORD:rain
Yem:ìr-ò1
Wedekind 1990: 126; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23.
Chara:ˈiːr-a1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 19. Quoted as ir-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 162].
Bench:wòl2
Wedekind 1990: 112. Quoted as wǒl in [Rapold 2006: 616].
Dorze:ʔir-a1
Alemayeh 2002: 12.
NUMBER:66
WORD:red
Yem:šēʔ-à1
Wedekind 1990: 134; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23.
Chara:zˈuw-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20. Quoted as zoʔ-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 178].
Bench:zōkʼ2
Wedekind 1990: 114; Rapold 2006: 610. Distinct from bȁnt 'a colour between orange and red' and from ár '"red", light skinned (of people)' [Rapold 2006: 610].
Dorze:zoʔo2
Alemayeh 2002: 12.
NUMBER:67
WORD:road
Yem:ùg-nà1
Wedekind 1990: 137; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23.
Chara:bˈuk-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18. The precise quoted form is 'path' = 'foot road': tˈaːy-a bˈuk-a. However, on p. 22 'road' is glossed as bok-ˈa. Quoted as bok-aː 'road' in [Cerulli 1938: 164].
Bench:bȍd #3
Rapold 2006: 616. Meaning glossed as 'road, way'. Distinct from pȁr 'broad, main road'; dǒm 'main road'; zǎtār 'path'. Of these terms, only pȁr 'road, street' is attested in [Hayward 1990: 109].
Dorze:ʔog-e1
Alemayeh 2002: 14. Cf. also toh-ʔoge 'path' [Alemayeh 2002: 11].
NUMBER:68
WORD:root
Yem:tàs-à1
Wedekind 1990: 135; Aklilu et al. 2002: 23.
Chara:sʼˈaɓ-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14.
Bench:cʼāpʼm̄2
Wedekind 1990: 110; Rapold 2006: 616.
Dorze:θapʼ-o2
Alemayeh 2002: 8.
NUMBER:69
WORD:round
Yem:zūːrà-kībbí #1
Lamberti 1993: 479. Not attested in our principal sources.
Chara:
Not attested.
Bench:kār2
Wedekind 1990: 105. Verbal root: 'be round'.
Dorze:
Not attested.
NUMBER:70
WORD:sand
Yem:fùːt-ū1
Wedekind 1990: 123; Aklilu et al. 2002: 24. Wedekind glosses the meaning as 'sand at river bank', but Aklilu et al. has the simple meaning 'sand'.
Chara:ˈamš-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 19.
Bench:kʼámčʼ2
Wedekind 1990: 106. Meaning glossed as 'sand, sandy substance'. Quoted as kʼǎčʼ 'sand' in [Rapold 2006: 616] (with elision of -m-?).
Dorze:anɕ-o2
Alemayeh 2002: 12.
NUMBER:71
WORD:say
Yem:í1
Wedekind 1990: 125. Glossed as ǐ in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 24]. Also ū 'say' [Wedekind 1990: 137; Aklilu et al. 2002: 24]; this would rather seem to be an infinitive form, contracted from *i-u (cf. 'eat', etc.), than a separate root. However, a different equivalent is listed for the Toba dialect: sīːnī 'say' in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 24].
Wedekind 1990: 107; Rapold 2006: 620. Polysemy: 'say / mean / think' (Wedekind); 'say / do / want' (Rapold). Distinct from hāytʼ 'to tell', gáh 'to speak' [Rapold 2006: 620].
Dorze:gay-ires4
Alemayeh 2002: 9.
NUMBER:72
WORD:see
Yem:bīy-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 119; Aklilu et al. 2002: 24. The latter source also adds ìčmà 'see', not attested in Wedekind's wordlist; and gíwe as the equivalent for the Toba dialect.
Wedekind 1990: 114; Rapold 2006: 616. According to Rapold, this word is 'seed for sowing' (further with polysemy: 'seed / clan'), while 'seed' in general is better rendered by ȁp 'eye / face / fruit / seed'.
Dorze:zireð1
Alemayeh 2002: 8.
NUMBER:74
WORD:sit
Yem:dūw-ū1
Wedekind 1990: 121; Aklilu et al. 2002: 24. Wedekind glosses the meaning as 'sit and rest', but Aklilu et al. simply lists it as 'sit'; the form dí is also recorded. Cf. the "respectful" equivalent mùč-ō 'to sit down' [Wedekind 1990: 131; Aklilu et al. 2002: 24].
Chara:kalm-ne2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18.
Bench:wòg3
Wedekind 1990: 112; Rapold 2006: 620. Cf. also wòg-ās "to seat, let sit" (caus.).
Dorze:ʔutt-ires4
Alemayeh 2002: 11.
NUMBER:74
WORD:sit
Yem:
Chara:ut-na3
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18. Distinction between kalm- and ut- is unclear.
Bench:
Dorze:
NUMBER:75
WORD:skin
Yem:wòm-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 138; Aklilu et al. 2002: 24. Meaning glossed as 'skin, hide'. Also gōːg-ó 'skin, hide' [Wedekind 1990: 124]; Aklilu et al. lists this form (in the variant gōːg-óː) as representing the Fofa and Toba dialects only.
Chara:gong-ˈa2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 14.
Bench:bēt3
Wedekind 1990: 99; Rapold 2006: 610. According to Rapold, distinct from gōg 'leather'.
Dorze:galb-a4
Alemayeh 2002: 8.
NUMBER:76
WORD:sleep
Yem:àfàʔ-ō1
Wedekind 1990: 116; Aklilu et al. 2002: 24. Cf. also the "respectful" equivalent gìgìtt-ō [Wedekind 1990: 124]. Differently in Fofa (kún-ɛ̄fɛ̄r) and Toba (kūn-í) [Aklilu et al. 2002: 24]; these forms have the same root as 'to lie' q.v.
Chara:gˈiʔ-2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 21.
Bench:gīs #2
Rapold 2006: 620. Different from the equivalent given in [Wedekind 1990: 110]: sùr ~ sùr-kʼ 'to sleep'. This verb is, however, listed in [Rapold 2006: 620] as sùr 'to fall asleep', less eligible for inclusion in the Swadesh list; we trust [Rapold 2006] as a more modern and detailed source.
Dorze:ʔeʓʓ-i3
Alemayeh 2002: 14.
NUMBER:77
WORD:small
Yem:gàr-ō1
Wedekind 1990: 123. Meaning glossed as 'small, not much'. Cf. gàːróβ 'small' in the Toba dialect [Aklilu et al. 2002: 24].
Chara:gˈuc-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20.
Bench:yȁrs3
Wedekind 1990: 113. Cf. also kőt, with polysemy: 'small / few' [Wedekind 1990: 106]. In [Rapold 2006: 617], yȁrs is glossed as 'little, young', and an alternate synonym, kȍbʆ, is glossed as 'small'.
Dorze:guːð2
Alemayeh 2002: 13.
NUMBER:78
WORD:smoke
Yem:čūw-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 120; Aklilu et al. 2002: 24.
Chara:čʼˈuy-a1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 19.
Bench:ʼȕb1
Wedekind 1990: 100. Quoted as ɕʼȕb in [Rapold 2006: 616].
Dorze:ɕuw-a1
Alemayeh 2002: 12.
NUMBER:79
WORD:stand
Yem:yēr-ō1
Wedekind 1990: 139; Aklilu et al. 2002: 25.
Chara:aš-ne2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18.
Bench:yìtʼ4
Wedekind 1990: 114; Rapold 2006: 620. Polysemy: 'to stand / to arise'.
Dorze:ʔeʔ-ires5
Alemayeh 2002: 11.
NUMBER:79
WORD:stand
Yem:
Chara:neyt-nˈa3
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18. The difference between aš- and neyt- is unclear.
Bench:
Dorze:
NUMBER:80
WORD:star
Yem:bàːkūr-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 118; Aklilu et al. 2002: 25.
Chara:wˈončet-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20. Quoted as wonǯet-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 177]. Cf. also colint 'star' in another dialect [Cerulli 1938: 175].
Bench:šáyt3
Wedekind 1990: 111; Rapold 2006: 616. Cf. also bākāl 'big star near the moon' [Rapold 2006: 616]. Cf. also the "joking" euphemistic term ʔyàrp běs 'husband of the moon' [Rapold 2006: 616].
Dorze:θolint-e4
Alemayeh 2002: 12.
NUMBER:81
WORD:stone
Yem:šūʔ-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 135; Aklilu et al. 2002: 25.
Chara:šuč-ˈa1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 19. Quoted as susč-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 175].
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20. Quoted as aw-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 163].
Bench:ōbār1
Wedekind 1990: 108. In [Rapold 2006: 616], the word is glossed in a more complex form: ōbār-ín-ȁp, where ōbār-ín = 'sunshine' (with a feminine marker) and ȁp = 'eye'.
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 21. In [Aklilu Yilma 1999: 47], the picture is more complicated: sek-n 'that (object to the side of the speaker)', pl. sekn-ʔendi 'those'; de-n 'that (object in front of the speaker)', yati-n 'that (object behind the speaker)'. It seems that sek- is deemed the more basic term (it is the only one to be glossed in both sources, as well as the only term for which a special plural form is cited), so we tentatively include it as the only equivalent. Cf. sek-ar-si 'that' in [Cerulli 1938: 127].
Aklilu Yilma 1999: 47. The complete paradigm is as follows: haː-yisi 'this (masc.)', haː-na 'this (fem.)', haː-ʔendi 'these'; cf. also haː-ri ~ haː-šši 'here'. In [Aklilu Yilma 2002: 21], the meaning 'this' is rendered by the strange form ha-ri-be ('here it is'?). It seems that ya-r-si 'this' in [Cerulli 1938: 127] shares the same root with these forms.
Wedekind 1990: 116. Quoted as ǎːnbà in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 26].
Chara:ˈaː-ze1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 21. The simple root aː 'what?' is also listed in [Aklilu Yilma 1999: 48]. An entire host of forms glossed as 'che cosa?' are attested in [Cerulli 1938: 126]: a-nk, a-y, a-maː, a-nqa, and simply aː; it is safe to assume they all share the same interrogative root.
Bench:hǎr2
Wedekind 1990: 103; Rapold 2006: 618.
Dorze:ʔa-zzi1
Alemayeh 2002: 13.
NUMBER:96
WORD:what
Yem:āwū2
Wedekind 1990: 118; Aklilu et al. 2002: 26. Difference between āwū and āːnbà is unclear.
Chara:
Bench:
Dorze:
NUMBER:97
WORD:white
Yem:fōr-ō1
Wedekind 1990: 122. Quoted as pōr-ō (фōr-ō); fōr-ō (Fofa dialect) in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 26].
Chara:dɐl-ˈa2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20. Quoted as dal-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 165].
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 21. Literally 'who is?' (the simple stem oː 'who?' is also quoted in [Aklilu Yilma 1999: 48]). Quoted as oː-neː in [Cerulli 1938: 126].
Bench:ó-n1
Wedekind 1990: 108; Rapold 2006: 618. Subject form; also ó-nā-gi̋ id. The object form 'whom?' is glossed as ó-nā.
Dorze:ʔoː-ni1
Alemayeh 2002: 13.
NUMBER:99
WORD:woman
Yem:mášk-àsū1
Wedekind 1990: 131; Aklilu et al. 2002: 26. Meaning glossed as 'woman, lady'. According to the latter source, the Toba dialect equivalent for 'woman' is simply ʔāsūː, which is dubious, since the primary meaning of this stem is 'person' q.v.
Wedekind 1990: 97. Derived from āc 'person' q.v. Alternate synonym: mȁy-n 'woman' [Wedekind 1990: 107]. This opposition is explained as mȁy-n 'woman, female' vs. āc-ín 'a definite woman' in [Rapold 2006: 613].
Dorze:maǯǯas1
Alemayeh 2002: 9.
NUMBER:100
WORD:yellow
Yem:bìčʼ-à-1
Wedekind 1990: 119; Aklilu et al. 2002: 26. Borrowed from Amharic.
Chara:tˈočʼɐr-a1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20.
Bench:tūrūŋk #-1
Rapold 2006: 611. Meaning glossed as 'light yellow' = tūrūŋk 'edible domestic fruit, sp.', said to be borrowed from Amharic /tïrungo/. Distinct from bǔd 'dark yellow' (= bǔd 'squash').
Dorze:
Not attested.
NUMBER:101
WORD:far
Yem:wòːk-à1
Wedekind 1990: 138.
Chara:
Not attested.
Bench:hák2
Wedekind 1990: 103; Rapold 2006: 617. Adverb.
Dorze:
Not attested.
NUMBER:102
WORD:heavy
Yem:fày-à1
Wedekind 1990: 122; Aklilu et al. 2002: 22.
Chara:baːy-ˈa1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20.
Bench:pāy1
Rapold 2006: 617. Not attested in Wedekind's data.
Dorze:deːθ-o2
Alemayeh 2002: 13.
NUMBER:103
WORD:near
Yem:tàʔ-à1
Wedekind 1990: 135. Meaning glossed as 'nearby'. Cf. also taʔso 'near' [ibid.].
Chara:
Not attested.
Bench:šík2
Rapold 2006: 617.
Dorze:
Not attested.
NUMBER:104
WORD:salt
Yem:kàw-ō1
Wedekind 1990: 127; Aklilu et al. 2002: 24.
Chara:ʓeːg-ˈa2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 18. Quoted as yeg-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 177].
Bench:žég2
Wedekind 1990: 114; Rapold 2006: 616.
Dorze:maθine3
Alemayeh 2002: 11.
NUMBER:105
WORD:short
Yem:kàw-nà1
Wedekind 1990: 127.
Chara:kʼˈoy-na1
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20.
Bench:ùyntʼ2
Rapold 2006: 617. Not attested in Wedekind's data.
Dorze:kʼanð3
Alemayeh 2002: 13.
NUMBER:106
WORD:snake
Yem:zāw-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 140.
Chara:šˈoš-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 17. Quoted as šoš-a ~ šoːs-aː in [Cerulli 1938: 175].
Bench:cʼōdń-bàb ~ cʼōdń-bàt3
Wedekind 1990: 110. Quoted as cʼótʼń-bàb ~ cʼóbḿ-bàb in [Rapold 2006: 609], where the word is explained as an idiomatic compound, consisting of cʼótʼ 'wild animal' + bàb 'father, owner'.
Dorze:šoš2
Alemayeh 2002: 10.
NUMBER:107
WORD:thin
Yem:bùʔs-à1
Wedekind 1990: 120.
Chara:ʓˈiːm-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 20.
Bench:tèp3
Wedekind 1990: 111. Meaning glossed as 'slim, thin'. A more detailed system of three terms is listed in [Rapold 2006: 618]: nȁmčʼ 'thin (of paper)', ʆāŋkʼ 'thin (of timber)', mèl 'thin (of people)'.
Dorze:leʔe4
Alemayeh 2002: 13.
NUMBER:108
WORD:wind
Yem:sìr-ū1
Wedekind 1990: 133. Cf. also ìpùw-à 'wind, storm' [Wedekind 1990: 126]. Quoted as siru 'wind' vs. ìpùw-à 'storm' in [Aklilu et al. 2002: 26].
Chara:čˈub-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 19.
Bench:nàrs3
Wedekind 1990: 108. Quoted as nȁrs in [Rapold 2006: 617].
Dorze:ɕark-o4
Alemayeh 2002: 12.
NUMBER:109
WORD:worm
Yem:tòw-à1
Wedekind 1990: 136; Aklilu et al. 2002: 26.
Chara:dˈunkʼ-a2
Aklilu Yilma 2002: 17. Cf. also min-ˈa 'worm' in [Aklilu Yilma 1999: 37].
Bench:dàčʼ3
Wedekind 1990: 100. Cf. the verbal stem: dáčʼ 'to be worm-eaten, rot'.
Dorze:guʈuns4
Alemayeh 2002: 10.
NUMBER:110
WORD:year
Yem:wògg-ā1
Wedekind 1990: 138.
Chara:
Not attested.
Bench:byárg2
Wedekind 1990: 99. Quoted as bérg ~ byárg in [Rapold 2006: 617].
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