Yigezu 2001: 356.

Yigezu 2001: 356; Odden 1983: 149. Quoted as vɛlɛ-k in [Driberg 1931: 179].

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as ɗóːk in [Randal 1998: 224].

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as doːk 'all, every, both' in [Lyth 1971: 16]; as ɗoːkŏ 'all' in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 356; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312. Differently in [Bender 1971: 267]: Zilmamu pırır 'all'.

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as kùmúlò in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 430]; as kúmúlɔ̄ in [Abbink 1993: 54]. Additionally, cf. kàːré ~ kàːrí 'all' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 404]. Cf. also Tirma kʋmbʋlo in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as ɗaːy in [Turton et al. 2008: 53]. Differently in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17]: báːy 'all'. Cf. also šɛː 'all' in [Turton et al. 2008: 153]; ɕɔk 'all' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 356. Cf. muːkʰ (= muːk) 'all' in [Will 1989: 129], quoted as muk {mùc} in [Ricci 1971: 351] and as muːk in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. also Tishena mùúk 'all' vs. Bodi mùúk 'all', as well as ɕʼɔ́k 'all' [Will 1991: 109].

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as ɕàːl in [Bender 1971: 266]. Differently in [Hieda 1991: 46]: cf. hùr pàìlà 'all people'.

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as baːŋe in [Bender 1983: 115]; as baŋe ~ bane in [Cerulli 1948: 153].

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as kā=tíðē-t in [Tucker 1951: 110] (kā= is a relational / derivational prefix).

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as sg. ka=tiðe-t, pl. ka=tiðɛ-ɲa in [Driberg 1931: 167].

Yigezu 2001: 356.

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as buːr in [Lyth 1975: 8] and in [Bender 1971: 280]; as būr in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 356; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312. Completely different and unconfirmed equivalent in [Bender 1971: 267]: Zilmamu gılımıt.

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as bùr, pl. bùr-ɲúgá in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 426]; as ɓúr in [Abbink 1993: 44]. Cf. Tirma bɔr in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as bur in [Turton et al. 2008: 31]; as búrː in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17]. In [Bender 1971: 265], a strange word dʋm is listed (albeit with a question mark) in the slot for 'ashes'; it is not confirmed by any other source.

Yigezu 2001: 356. Cf. bodebole {bodebolè} 'ashes' in [Ricci 1971: 243], an obviously complex form whose first part may be = bode ~ boyde 'place' [ibid.]. This complex stem is also quoted as Tishena ɓɔ́dɔ́bɔ́lí vs. Bodi ɓádáɓálí in [Will 1991: 103]. Cf. also dúkà 'ash' in [Will 1993: 62] = dˈuka 'ashes' in [Bender 1971: 266] (in [Will 1991: 109] it is stated that this is the Tishena equivalent for 'ash', whereas in the Bodi dialect it means 'dust').

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as búor, pl. búor-àn in [Hieda 1991: 31]. Differently in [Bender 1971: 266]: gɔ́ːlù 'ashes' (perhaps a misprint for bɔ́ːlù?).

Yigezu 2001: 356.

Yigezu 2001: 357.

Yigezu 2001: 357. Quoted as sg. boχoχo-ˈič, pl. bˈoχoχo 'rind, shell, husk, skin, bark' in [Driberg 1931: 163].

Yigezu 2001: 357.

Yigezu 2001: 357. Cf. in [Lyth 1971: 7]: sg. bɔlo-itot, pl. bɔlɔ-k, with polysemy: 'leaf / bark / scale of fish'. See further notes on 'leaf'. Different and probably misglossed or misheard equivalent in [Bender 1971: 280]: mɛlɛːk.

Yigezu 2001: 357. Transcribed phonologically as ɓógón-í (pl. ɓɔ̄gɔ̄n-á) in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312]. Different and probably incorrect equivalent in [Bender 1971: 267]: gora.

Yigezu 2001: 356. Differently in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 427]: sg. ɓàrː-óí, pl. ɓàrː-á. Still differently in [Abbink 1993: 48]: góŋgūy 'tree-bark'; however, the same source also lists the form ká=ɓōʔī ~ ká=ɓōgī 'bark of tree' [Abbink 1993: 51], clearly related to Yigezu's ɓògì (probably a compound with the old root for 'tree' q.v. as the first part). Bender's entry for Tirma agrees with Last & Lucassen: baːrıg 'bark' [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 357. Quoted as gɔŋwi 'bark of tree' in [Turton et al. 2008: 74] and as gɔ́ŋwì in [Bender 1971: 265]. Cf. also another synonym in [Turton et al. 2008: 33]: ɓaro-y 'bark, peel', and yet another in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17]: bókòi 'bark, of tree'. All three forms have lexical parallels in the closely related Suri, but according to Yigezu, the most basic equivalents differ between the two languages. This may be an inaccuracy on Yigezu's part, but until a more precise picture emerges from improved and revised dictionaries, we prefer to refrain from any additional conclusions and leave the situation "according to Yigezu".

Yigezu 2001: 357. In [Ricci 1971: 284], the equivalent is given as the idiomatic expression ke-na-ge roma-si {cénage ròmasi}, literally 'dry(ness) of tree'. Another completely different equivalent in [Bender 1971: 266]: šiʔˈit. This word most closely resembles {šiìt} 'stem (of plant), string' in [Ricci 1971: 284] and may be a semantic misglossing.

Yigezu 2001: 357. Same word as 'skin' q.v. Differently in [Hieda 1991: 12]: órkò 'bark of tree' (most likely an Omotic borrowing, cf. Dizi orgn, Nayi orkn, etc.), also quoted as úrkù in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 356. Quoted as sg. orka-n, pl. orka-k in [Bender 1983: 124]. Most likely an Omotic borrowing (see Kwegu).

Yigezu 2001: 358, 387. Polysemy: 'belly / stomach'. Quoted as sg. kɛ́ːŋ-à, pl. kēːŋ-tì 'stomach' in [Stirtz 2011: 12]; as kɛ̄ːŋ-àʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 358, 387. Polysemy: 'belly / stomach' (in the meaning 'stomach', glossed as kɛ̀ːŋà; the discrepancy is probably a result of inaccuracy). Quoted as sg. xɛ̀ːŋ, pl. xèːŋː-wa in [Odden 1983: 171]; as sg. χɛŋ, pl. χɛŋ-ti 'stomach' in [Driberg 1931: 168].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Cf. kɛ́ŋ 'stomach' in [Yigezu 2001: 387] (the tonal "opposition" is rather suspicious and could be a mistake). Quoted as kɛ́ːŋ 'stomach' in [Randal 1998: 223].

Yigezu 2001: 358, 387. Polysemy: 'belly / stomach'. Quoted as kɛŋ, pl. keŋ-ti 'stomach' in [Lyth 1971: 26]; as kɛŋ in [Tucker 1951: 110]; as keːŋ in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Transcribed as kɛ̄ŋː-á, pl. kēn-dí 'stomach' in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312]. For some reason, in the meaning 'stomach', glossed as kɛ̀ːŋ-à in [Yigezu 2001: 387]. Quoted as keɛna 'belly' in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 358. In the meaning 'stomach', glossed as kɛ̄ːŋ-ō in [Yigezu 2001: 387]. Quoted as sg. kʸàːŋ-ò, pl. kʸɛ̀ŋ-í in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 430]; as kʸɛ̄ŋgɔ̄ 'belly, stomach' in [Abbink 1993: 52]. Cf. Tirma kiʸaːŋɔ 'belly' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 358, 387. Polysemy: 'belly / stomach'. Quoted as sg. kiaŋ-o 'stomach, centre', pl. keŋ-i 'stomachs' in [Turton et al. 2008: 98]; as kɛ́ŋ-ò 'belly' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17]; as kyáŋɔ in [Bender 1971: 265]. Cf. also gara 'stomach' in [Turton et al. 2008: 69].

Yigezu 2001: 358. The equivalent for 'stomach' is quoted as kɛ̀ŋ-ó in [Yigezu 2001: 387]. With polysemy: 'belly / stomach', quoted as keŋ-o {céngo} in [Ricci 1971: 285]. Quoted as kiˈäŋʔ 'belly' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as sg. kíàŋ, pl. kíàŋ-àn in [Hieda 1991: 5]; as tiǝŋ 'belly' in [Bender 1971: 266] (probably misheard as containing a coronal stop because of partial accomodation before a front vowel). Distinct from kɔ̀búŋ 'stomach' [Yigezu 2001: 387], quoted as kóbùŋ in [Hieda 1991: 7].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as āmɗe in [Cerulli 1948: 151].

Yigezu 2001: 358.

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as ɕ=obi, pl. ɕig obi-tik in [Driberg 1931: 178]. In the latter source, cf. also ipiɕa 'big, many' [Driberg 1931: 179]; maka 'large, big, broad' [ibid.].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as ʌ̀=dːìkíré (applied to 'goat') in [Randal 1998: 227]. Cf. also ʌ̀pːwʌ̀ 'big' [ibid.], applied to houses.

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as sg. apiː, pl. apiː-ntik 'big, wide' in [Lyth 1971: 3]; as ä́pì ~ ɕ=ä́pì in [Tucker 1951: 112]. Alternately, cf. maiaːn, pl. maiaːn-ik 'big' in [Lyth 1971: 34], as well as the verbal stem digir 'to be big' in [Lyth 1971: 14]. The same verbal stem is also listed in [Bender 1971: 280]: a=dıgırr 'big'.

Yigezu 2001: 358. Verbal stem. Quoted as áābːó (3sg. impf.) in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312]. Completely different, unconfirmed synonym in [Bender 1971: 267]: Zilmamu makáyo.

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as bū 'big, thick, many, very' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 426]; as búː 'big' in [Abbink 1993: 43]. Cf. Tirma buʔ 'big' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as buyʔ, pl. bi-bi in [Turton et al. 2008: 31]; as ʔá=bùi in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17]; as bwiː in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as the verb bùy 'be big' in [Will 1993: 66]; as the adjective buy-tini, suppletive pl. biːbi-da in [Will 1989: 137]; as bwi-tːo {bwìtto} 'big' in [Ricci 1971: 253]; as bui-tˈini 'big' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as tàɕʼ-í, pl. tàtàɕʼ-àn in [Hieda 1991: 52]. Completely different, unconfirmed equivalent in [Bender 1971: 266}: úrú 'big'.

Yigezu 2001: 358. Reduplicated form; cf. the variation òbíː-ŋ ~ bòbɛ́-ŋ in [Bender 1983: 130]. Quoted as obi ~ ubi in [Cerulli 1948: 150].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as kíbālː-ēʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as sg. xı̀bàlːı̀-ɕ (kı́bàlːı̀-ɕ in certain phrasal contexts), pl. xı̀bàlːı̀ in [Odden 1983: 153, 171]; as sg. kibˈaːli-ɕ, pl. kibˈaːli in [Driberg 1931: 167].

Yigezu 2001: 358.

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as pl. kibaːli, sg. kibaːli-ɕ in [Lyth 1971: 26]; as pl. kíbālːēʔ, sg. kíbālːē-ɕī in [Tucker 1951: 110]; as kibalɛtʸ in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as sg. kāːlːɛ́-ʓí, pl. kāːlːɛ́ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312]. Completely different form listed for Zilmamu in [Bender 1971: 267]: lıkıdiŋ 'bird'.

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as sg. šwá-ì, pl. šwâ in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 433]; as sg. šʷā-í, pl. šʷā in [Abbink 1993: 60]. Cf. Tirma šwa-i in [Bender 1971: 265] (printed in the text as šwal - a rather glaring typo).

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as sg. šwa-i, pl. šowa in [Turton et al. 2008: 156]; as šóà-i in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17]; as šwa-i in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as šo-č {šòč} in [Ricci 1971: 388], with an additional singulative suffix; the same form quoted as šoĭ-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as kúbàr in [Hieda 1991: 19]; as kùbǝ̀r in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic kūúbàr in [Hieda 1990: 100].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Orthographically transcribed as t̪ìːt̪ò-n in the source; this must be a mistake, since neither in Yigezu's nor in any other description does Majang phonologically distinguish between t and t̪. Quoted as sg. teːt-an, pl. teːt-o in [Bender 1983: 124].

Yigezu 2001: 358.

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as daχ (1 sg. pres. ka=daχ-i) in [Driberg 1931: 158].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Same word as 'eat' q.v.

Yigezu 2001: 358. Same word as 'eat' q.v. Quoted as dak (3rd p. sg. a=dak), with polysemy: 'to eat / to bite / to chew' in [Lyth 1971: 12]; as a=daːk 'bite' in [Bender 1971: 280]. Cf. also the intransitive form: dao (3rd p. sg. a=dakk-i) [ibid.].

Yigezu 2001: 358; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312. Same word as 'eat' q.v. Completely different equivalent in [Bender 1971: 267]: Zilmamu kauwa 'bite'.

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as ā=ɲī (imperfective stem) in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 426]; as ā=ŋgīːtɔ̄ in [Abbink 1993: 41]; as aː=ŋi-to in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as a=ŋido in [Turton et al. 2008: 24]; as ʔà=ŋìtó in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17]; as ä́=ŋídó in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 358. In [Ricci 1971: 278], the meaning 'bite' is glossed as k=amdinen-day {càmdìnenday}, a form that is probably derived from k=ami-day 'to eat' q.v., but the component -dinen- is unclear. Quoted as a=nˈit- in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as ìnd-àː (3 p. sg.) in [Hieda 1991: 13]. Completely different equivalent in [Bender 1971: 266]: rùmàn 'bite' = à=rúm-ìyàː 'to hold on the teeth (as chewing tobacco)' [Hieda 1991: 24].

Yigezu 2001: 358.

Yigezu 2001: 359. Differently in [Tucker 1951: 112]: ɲābārwā 'black'.

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as hola, pl. holi-k in [Driberg 1931: 178].

Yigezu 2001: 359.

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as koli, pl. koli-k, with polysemy: 'black / dark' in [Lyth 1971: 28]. "The initial k elides after the particle ɕi, giving ɕoli" [Lyth 1971: English-Murle, 13]. Quoted as ō=ɕ=ōlī ~ ɕī=ɕ=ōlāī in [Tucker 1951: 112]; as kɔːli in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 358. Quoted as kōːlyé 'black, dark shades of blue and green' in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal: 296]. Cf. Zilmamu mušɕ 'black' in [Bender 1971: 267] (a strangely transcribed and unconfirmed form).

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as kɔ̀rːɔ́ in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 430]; as kórːò 'black, darkness' in [Abbink 1993: 53]. Cf. Tirma korro 'black' [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as kɔrːo-i, with polysemy: 'black / dark' in [Turton et al. 2008: 104]; as kɔ́rɔ̀ in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17]; as kɔrroi in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. kɔrɔ-y, pl. kɔr-aːda in [Will 1989: 136]; as koro-y {coròy} 'dark, black, livid' in [Ricci 1971: 295]; as korˈɔ-i 'black' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as dímù-gù in [Hieda 1991: 48]; as dimɔ-gɔ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as kwaʓu-ŋ in [Cerulli 1948: 156].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as ɓīyēʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as biyˈiː in [Driberg 1931: 163].

Yigezu 2001: 359.

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as pl. biye, sg. biye-tot in [Lyth 1971: 7]; as bīyêʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110]; as biːyeː in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 359; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312. Cf. Zilmamu biʓi in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as ɲáàb-à, singulative ɲáàb-í 'drop of blood' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 431]; as ɲàbà in [Abbink 1993: 58]. Cf. Tirma ɲabaʔ in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as ɲaba in [Turton et al. 2008: 133]; as náβà in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17]; as nyáʋà in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as naːba in [Will 1989: 135]; as ɲaba {ñabà} in [Ricci 1971: 370]; as ɲaba in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. ɲíàb-ò, pl. ɲíàb-àn in [Hieda 1991: 6]; as ɲáːb-ò in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as yɛrm ~ yerum (occasional pl.: yerm-e) in [Bender 1983: 126]; as yeruŋ in [Cerulli 1948: 160].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. āmɛ́ː-n, pl. āmɛ́ː in [Stirtz 2011: 11]; as sg. āmɛ̄-n, pl. āmɛ́ in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. ɛ̀mːɛ̀ː-n, pl. ɛ̀mːɛ̀ː-nà in [Odden 1983: 173]; as sg. ɛmɛ-n, pl. ɛmɛ in [Driberg 1931: 165].

Yigezu 2001: 359.

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. amɛː-n, pl. amɛ in [Lyth 1971: 2]; as sg. āmɛ̄-n, pl. āmɛ́ in [Tucker 1951: 110]. Completely different equivalent listed in [Bender 1971: 280]: rɔɛːtʸ (perhaps = roɛ-ɕ 'brain, mind' [Lyth 1971: 49]? would be a fairly strange semantic error, but Bender's wordlists are notoriously inaccurate).

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. ēmːē-ni, pl. ɛ̄mːɛ́ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312]. Cf. Zilmamu eme-nan 'bone' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. gìg-áí, pl. gíg-á ~ gīg-ē in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 428]; sg. gīg-éy ~ gī-éy, pl. gíg-ā in [Abbink 1993: 48]. Cf. Tirma gig-e [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. gig-ey, pl. gig-a in [Turton et al. 2008: 72]; as gíg-ì in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17]; as gíːy-è in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. giʔ-eɕ, pl. giʔ-a in [Will 1989: 133]; as gee-č {geéč} in [Ricci 1971: 324]; as giʔ-eɕ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. gíɕ-ì, pl. gíɕ-àn in [Hieda 1991: 6]; as gíːɕ-ù in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 359. Quoted as sg. eme-nan, pl. eme-k in [Bender 1983: 124].

Tucker 1951: 110. Not attested in any other sources, but cf. kɛ̀=ɛ̀ðı̀-t '(female) breast' [Yigezu 2001: 360], quoted as sg. k=éðì-t, pl. k=éðī-n in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Driberg 1931: 167. Plural: ˈiyw-ˈêta. Not attested in any other sources, but cf. kɛ́=ɛ́ðːı̀-t '(female) breast' [Yigezu 2001: 360], quoted as sg. kˈɛði-t, pl. kˈɛði-ɲa 'udder, breast' in [Driberg 1931: 167].

Not attested but cf. ɛ́ðːı̀-t 'female breast' [Yigezu 2001: 360].

Lyth 1971: 14. Same root and possibly same lexeme as 'heart' q.v., although in this case the orthography may indicate a misspelling (instead of *ðinð-eti). Not attested in our main source, but cf. k=ɛ́ːð 'female breast' [Yigezu 2001: 360], quoted as keð, pl. keð-in 'breast, udder' in [Lyth 1971: 25]. In [Tucker 1951: 110], the word for 'male breast' is glossed as ēyɔ̀ (cognate with the respective items in Narim and Didinga, but it is not found in Lyth's dictionary).

Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001]. Distinct from óːð-í, pl. ɔ́ːð-á 'female breast' [Yigezu 2001: 360; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312].

Last & Lucassen 1998: 431. Meaning glossed as 'chest, diaphragm'. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001]. Distinct from wàːyí 'female breast' [Yigezu 2001: 360].

Turton et al. 2008: 115. Plural: ludum-i. Meaning glossed as 'chest'. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001]. Distinct from màdːì 'female breast' [Yigezu 2001: 360], quoted as madːi, pl. madːi-o in [Turton et al. 2008: 117]; as mádì in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 17].

Ricci 1971: 412 {tisò}. Dubious (not attested in any of Yigezu's or Will's published materials). Cf. wàdí-t 'female breast' [Yigezu 2001: 360], quoted as wadi-t {wadìt} in [Ricci 1971: 415]; as Tishena wòdí-t vs. Bodi wàdí-t in [Will 1991: 105].

Hieda 1991: 5. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001]. Distinct from wùtɛ́ 'female breast' [Yigezu 2001: 360], quoted as úté in [Hieda 1991: 5].

Cerulli 1948: 155. This seems to be the equivalent for 'male chest' or 'chest' (in general). Not attested in any newer sources, therefore rather dubious (but cf. the obvious cognate in Kwegu). Cf. ʔàpàtí 'female breast' in [Yigezu 2001: 360].

Yigezu 2001: 360. Transitive stem; cf. ʌ̀=tːúð-ì 'to burn (intr.)' [ibid.]. Quoted as tó in [Tucker 1951: 113].

Yigezu 2001: 360. Transitive stem; cf. ʌ̀=tːúðː-ì 'to burn (intr.)' [ibid.]. Quoted as toð (1 sg. pres. ka=tuð-i) 'to burn, set alight' in [Driberg 1931: 161].

Yigezu 2001: 360. Transitive stem; lexically different from ʌ́=lʌ́ɲ-ìt 'to burn (intr.)' [ibid.].

Lyth 1971: 54. Meaning listed as 'to set light to (grass, etc.), burn'. Not attested in our main source; cf. á=láɲ-ìt, glossed as 'to burn (intr.)' in [Yigezu 2001: 360]. In [Lyth 1971: 58], cf. also vaːt 'to burn, roast (without a pot)', probably related to, if not the same word as, vat 'to light (a fire)' [ibid.], and also probably the same word as waːt 'to burn (tr.)' in [Lyth 1971: 59]. In [Tucker 1951: 113], the meaning 'burn (tr.)' is glossed as ō=wāt (= Lyth's vaːt). Cf. also a=vaːt 'to burn' in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 360. Transcribed phonologically as ɕɔ́gɛ̄ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312]. Transitive stem; cf. á=ɗà 'to burn (intr.)' [Yigezu 2001: 360]. Cf. Zilmamu ayige 'to burn (tr.)' in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 360. Used both in the transitive and intransitive senses. Quoted as šɔ̄k (imperf. stem) in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 433]. Cf. also ām-gʷó 'to burn (tr.)', literally = 'to eat-fire' in [Abbink 1993: 41]. Cf. Tirma wǝlɛ-to 'to burn' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Not attested in [Yigezu 2001]; 'to burn (intr.)' is glossed in that source as dòrìgːò [Yigezu 2001: 360] = dorːigːo id. in [Turton et al. 2008: 49]. Cf. usurusi-o 'to burn (tr.)' in [Turton et al. 2008: 173], but the only textual example is on the context 'to burn the porridge'; it remains unclear whether this is the default 'to burn' for contexts like 'burn wood', etc. The equivalent for 'to burn' in [Bender 1971: 265] is glossed as báká = 'to eat' [ibid.], which is indirectly confirmed by an example in Turton's dictionary (kama ɓaka gwoi 'the bag has been burnt, lit. eaten by fire') [Turton et al. 2008: 32], but, again, it is unclear whether this idiomatic expression is basic.

Yigezu 2001: 360. Transitive stem; the intransitive correlate is glossed as tɔ́ɓìyà-ɓòy. Quoted as toba-boy {tobàboy} 'to burn (intr.)', tobi-day {tòbiday} 'to burn (tr.)' in [Ricci 1971: 396]. Cf. also ŋàs 'burn' in [Will 1993: 76]. Completely different, unconfirmed equivalent in [Bender 1971: 266]: giˈam-.

Yigezu 2001: 360. Transitive stem; the intransitive correlate is glossed as àtì-yáʔá. Differently in [Hieda 1991: 31], where the intransitive verb is glossed as lálùŋ-àː (3 p. sg.) and the transitive correlate is given as à=lálúŋ-íšì-yàː (1 p. sg.). Completely different, unconfirmed equivalent in [Bender 1971: 266]: súːšá (perhaps confused with 'sun' q.v.?).

Yigezu 2001: 360. Transitive stem; cf. the intransitive correlate mòɗ-ík-òŋ [ibid.].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Clearly the same word is also glossed as 'claw (animal)', but with a +ATR rather than -ATR vocalic sequence instead: vʌ̀lːʌ̀ɣ-ìt [Yigezu 2001: 362]. Without additional confirmation, it is safer to regard this as a probable phonetic inaccuracy (although cf. the same situation for Tennet). Cf. sg. válːá-ìt, pl. válːák 'claw' in [Stirtz 2011: 27]; vālːāk 'nail' (probably a plural form) in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. ʌ̀lʌ̀ː-ɣ-ìt, pl. àlàːk in [Odden 1983: 171]. The word 'claw (animal)' is obviously related, but is glossed with an additional k-prefix: k=álːágg-ìt [Yigezu 2001: 362]. In [Driberg 1931: 174], the same paradigm (sg. olˈag-it, pl. olˈak) is listed for the meanings 'fingernail, claw, hoof'.

Yigezu 2001: 379. The same word is also glossed as 'claw (animal)', but with a +ATR rather than -ATR vocalic sequence instead: vʌ́lːʌ̀-ìt [Yigezu 2001: 362]. Cf. the same situation in Narim.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. vala-it, pl. vala-k 'finger or toe nail, hoof' in [Lyth 1971: 57]; as fǝle-yit 'claw' in [Bender 1971: 280]. Lexically distinct from 'claw (animal)': čólːóʓ-ìt [Yigezu 2001: 362], quoted as ɕolo-it, pl. ɕɔlɔ-k 'claw' in [Lyth 1971: 11].

Yigezu 2001: 362, 379. Reduplicated stem. Quoted as sg. tı̄r-tı́r-ı́, pl. tɛ̄r-tɛ́r-ɛ́ 'claw, nail' in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Reduplicated stem. In the meaning 'claw (animal)', quoted as tı̄r-tı̄r in [Yigezu 2001: 362]. Different equivalent in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 429]: sg. hálágá-í, pl. hálágá 'claw, fingernail', although the form tír-tír is also quoted as the collective plural 'nails' [Last & Lucassen 1998: 433]. In [Abbink 1993: 61], tīr-tīr is glossed as 'claw, finger'. Cf. Tirma t̪ɛt̪era 'claw' in [Bender 1971: 265] (possibly misspelled).

Yigezu 2001: 379. Reduplicated stem. In the meaning 'claw (animal)', quoted as tīr-tīr in [Yigezu 2001: 362]. Quoted as tirː-tirː 'fingernail' in [Turton et al. 2008: 163]; as tı̀r-tı́r 'fingernail' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]. Cf. also kulilo-i 'animal claw' in [Turton et al. 2008: 106], quoted as kùlìló in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 379. In the meaning 'claw (animal)', quoted with a different tonal pattern in [Yigezu 2001: 362]: kɔ̀ɓɔ̀lɔ̀g-ìt. Quoted as kobolegi-t {cobolegìt} 'nail, claw' in [Ricci 1971: 260]; the source distinguishes it from kobologi-t {cobologìt} 'ankle, talon, finger', but it is difficult to believe that the two listed forms are really different words, as the second simply looks like an assimilated variant of the first one. Quoted as Tishena kòbólógí-t vs. Bodi kòɓólógí-t 'fingernail' in [Will 1991: 103]. Quoted as kobˈolog-it 'claw' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 362, 379. Polysemy: 'claw / nail'. Quoted as sg. ʆúkòm, pl. ʆúkòm-àn in [Hieda 1991: 6]. Borrowed from South Omotic (cf. Ubamer šukʼuma, Dime šukum, etc.). Different equivalent in [Bender 1971: 266]: kɛ́lyà 'claw'.

Yigezu 2001: 379. In the meaning 'claw', the same word is quoted with high tone as čópólkóy in [Yigezu 2001: 362].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Different equivalent in auxiliary sources: díːð [Stirtz 2011: 24] = pl. dís, sg. īɗís-àʔ [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as dìːθ, pl. dìːðː-wʌ̀ in [Odden 1983: 171]; as diːð, pl. diːð-oːk in [Driberg 1931: 164].

Yigezu 2001: 363.

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as diːð, pl. diːð-wa in [Lyth 1971: 15] (the singulative form diːð-oɕ, same as in Yigezu's data, is also listed in the English-Murle section); as sg. ɗíðɔ̀, pl. ɗīðw-áʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110]; as diːð in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 363. In [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313], the word īɗō is only listed in the meaning 'fog', whereas the meaning 'cloud' is rendered with a different equivalent: gātːé, pl. gātːē-ɕːá. This situation needs additional clarification; external data agree more with the choice of ìɗò as the primary equivalent. Completely different equivalent in Zilmamu: balu 'cloud' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as sg. ìdː-ò, pl. ìdː-à in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 429]; as yídōʔ in [Abbink 1993: 63]. Cf. Tirma iːdo in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as ʔídò in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; as ídò in [Bender 1971: 265]. Cf. also gɔri 'cloud' in [Turton et al. 2008: 74].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as idu in [Ricci 1971: 213]; as hidˈo in [Bender 1971: 266]. Quoted as Tishena yìðó vs. Bodi ìðó in [Will 1991: 107].

Yigezu 2001: 363; Hieda 1991: 49. Additional synonym: ɗùrùm [Hieda 1991: 49]. It is interesting that in [Bender 1971: 266], the Kwegu equivalent is íːdò, clearly reflecting the common Southeast Surmic root for 'cloud'.

Yigezu 2001: 363.

Yigezu 2001: 363. Meaning glossed as 'cold (of air)'. Differently in [Tucker 1951: 112]: lāʓò 'cold' (hardly the same etymon, unless this is some sort of contraction from *lāli-ò).

Yigezu 2001: 363. Meaning glossed as 'cold (of air)'. Quoted as lal (1 sg. pres. ka=lal-i) 'to be cold, be happy, be well, to recover' in [Driberg 1931: 160].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Meaning glossed as 'cold (of air)'.

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as lal (3rd p. sg. a=lal) 'to be cold, to heal up, be sterile (of man)' in [Lyth 1971: 30]. Cf. also laʓu 'cold' (noun) [ibid.], quoted as lɛʓʸu 'cold' in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as 3sg. impf. á=lːāl-ɛ̄ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Cf. Zilmamu lale 'cold' in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as làl-èní in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 431]. Cf. also ɕùbàn 'cold (of air)' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 427], quoted as ɕíbān 'cold' in [Abbink 1993: 44] and as ɕuban 'cold' for Tirma in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Glossed as lal-ini 'cool, cold'; a=lːal-ini '(it is) cold' in [Turton et al. 2008: 23, 110]; as làl-ín 'cold' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; as läl-ínì in [Bender 1971: 265]. Distinct from čòwán 'cold (of air, weather)' [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18], glossed simply as ɕuwan 'cold' in [Turton et al. 2008: 45].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as tuluk {tulùc} in [Ricci 1971: 403]; cf. also tulːuy-day {tullùyday} 'to freeze (smth.)' [ibid.]. Quoted as tulˈuk in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as ɕʼéràtà in [Hieda 1991: 53]; as ɕèrátá in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 363.

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as īʓ-à 'come!' (imper.) in [Tucker 1951: 113].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as iʓ-a, pl. i-ta (imperative) in [Driberg 1931: 162].

Yigezu 2001: 363.

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as iʓ-a in [Lyth 1971: 21]; as iʓɛ in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as ʓāŋː-á in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Totally different equivalent in Zilmamu: punši [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 363. This, like most verbal forms, in Yigezu's lists, seems to be the perfective stem. Quoted as wōŋ-á 'come!' (imperative) in [Abbink 1993: 63].

Yigezu 2001: 363. This, like most verbal forms, in Yigezu's lists, seems to be the perfective stem.

Yigezu 2001: 363.

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as à=k=úː-nì-yàː in [Hieda 1991: 33]; as k=úː-nyà in [Bender 1971: 266]. The plural is suppletive: à=pá-ín-àːyàː [ibid.]. Both forms are clearly derived from the simple roots kuy- and pay- 'to go' q.v.

Yigezu 2001: 363. Quoted as mɛːl-k (past stem), mɛl-ɛn (verbal noun) in [Bender 1983: 119]. The imperative form is listed as suppletive: waːɗ 'come!' [ibid.]. Differently in [Cerulli 1948: 156]: kuš 'to come'.

Driberg 1931: 162. This seems to be the imperfective stem. The quoted forms are uː 'to come', 1st p. pres. ka=k=uː.

Lyth 1971: 21. Suppletive stem: 3rd p. sg. a=ku.

Last & Lucassen 1998: 430. The exact listed suppletive forms are k=ū-n (imperfective stem, sg.) ~ h=ū-ɲ (imperfective stem, pl.), with the additional note that "initial /k/ weakens or is even deleted in 1sg". Cf. also k=ōgā 'to come' in [Abbink 1993: 53]. Quoted as k=ʋ-n-do for Tirma in [Bender 1971: 265].

Turton et al. 2008: 104. Glossed as 'come, arrive' (imperfective stem); cf. also k=ʋ́-nò 'it comes' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]. Quoted as k=ów-á in [Bender 1971: 265].

Will 1993: 67. Suppletive stem. Cf. k=u-ni-day {cùniday} 'to come, arrive' in [Ricci 1971: 284]. Without the velar prefix, quoted as Tishena wùn vs. Bodi hùɲ in [Will 1991: 101]. Quoted as k=ow-a in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 365. Cf. ðīː (imperative) 'die' in [Stirtz 2011: 50] (possibly a different etymon).

Yigezu 2001: 365. Quoted as =dáːɣ- ~ =dʌ̀ːɣ- in [Odden 1983: 152]; as daχ (1st p. sg. pres. ka=daχ-i) in [Driberg 1931: 158].

Yigezu 2001: 365. Cf. á=ɗáːɣ 'it (the goat) died' in [Randal 1998: 222].

Yigezu 2001: 365. Quoted as dáː-k (3rd p. sg. a=da-i) in [Lyth 1971: 12]. Quoted as a=da-y 'die' in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 365. In [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313], the 3sg. impf. form is quoted as ár-ð-ɛ̄. Cf. Zilmamu ar-š-e 'die' in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 365. Quoted as rɛ̄s (imperf. stem), ɛ̄r (perfective stem) in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 432]; as ɛ̄rː-ā in [Abbink 1993: 47]. Cf. a different equivalent: gār, with polysemy: 'to disappear / to die' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 428]. Cf. Tirma rɛː-so 'die' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Turton et al. 2008: 66. Our primary source glosses the meaning 'die' as ɗèrː-é [Yigezu 2001: 365], but such a stem is not confirmed in any other source, including the grammatical sketch [Turton & Bender 1976], where the imperfective stem for 'to die' is listed as reθ- (< *er-/e/s-) and the perfective stem is listed as er- (p. 548). In [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18], the form 'he dies' is glossed as rábòi and is also quite obscure. Although we usually follow Yigezu for uniformity, in this case we make an exception, since ɛrː-a is well illustrated by contexts in Turton's dictionary, and also because Yigezu's form ɗèrː-é could qualify as a mistake (accidental addition of an initial consonant due to some incorrect segmentation, etc.). Additional confirmation comes from [Bender 1971: 265]: ɛ́rː-á 'die'.

Yigezu 2001: 365. Quoted as resi-day {résiday} 'to die, perish', resi {rèsi} 'dead' in [Ricci 1971: 377]. In [Bender 1971: 266], the root for 'die' is quoted as er-, with a word-initial vowel as in the rest of Southeast Surmic.

Yigezu 2001: 365. Quoted as à=árš-ìyàː (1st sg. p. aorist) in [Hieda 1991: 40]. Cf. árš-à 'die' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 365. Quoted as reːr- in [Bender 1983: 119]; as reːr in [Cerulli 1948: 158].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as sg. ūrūð-àʔ, pl. ūrūð-èʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as ʋ̀ðʋ̀rː ~ ʋ̀ðʋ̀r, pl. ʋ̀ðʋ̀r-ɛ̀ːtà in [Odden 1983: 150, 172]; as oðˈôr, pl. oðor-ˈêta in [Driberg 1931: 174].

Yigezu 2001: 366; Randal 1998: 230.

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as sg. oroð, pl. orð-e in [Lyth 1971: 46]; as sg. ɔ̄rɔ̄θ, pl. ōrð-é in [Tucker 1951: 110]; as ɔrːɔs in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as sg. ʋ̄rs-á, pl. ʋ̄rs-ı́ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Cf. Zilmamu oréš-a in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as sg. rɔ́s-ɔ́, pl. rɔ̀s-í ~ rɔ̀s-éná in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 432]. Cf. Tirma rːɔso in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as sg. rːɔsː-o, pl. rɔsː-i in [Turton et al. 2008: 145]; as rɛ́s-ò in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; as rːɔ̀sːò in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as rós-ò in [Will 1993: 75]; as sg. rɔs-ɔ, pl. rɔs-ana in [Will 1989: 135]; as roso {rosò} in [Ricci 1971: 377]; as rɔsɔ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as sg. kíànì, pl. kíàn-àn in [Hieda 1991: 13]. Borrowed from Omotic (cf. Dizi kianu, Nayi keːanu, etc.). Yidenic has a different equivalent (possibly more archaic): bōóhò 'dog' [Hieda 1990: 101], confirmed as bɔ̀hò in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as sg. war, pl. war-tun in [Bender 1983: 126]; as waːr in [Cerulli 1948: 159].

Yigezu 2001: 366.

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as hut (1st p. pres. ka=hud-i), with polysemy: 'to drink / to smoke' in [Driberg 1931: 159].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Cf. the imperative ʋ̀ɗ-á 'drink!' in [Randal 1998: 248].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as wot (3rd p. sg. a=wot) 'to drink (water, beer, etc., not milk or blood)' in [Lyth 1971: 59]; also as odɛ (3rd p. sg. a=udɛ) 'to drink (intr.)' in [Lyth 1971: 44]; as wʋd-ˈe in [Bender 1971: 280]. In the meaning 'to drink (milk or blood)' the verb am is used instead [Lyth 1971: 2] (it is also listed with the meaning 'seize, rob', but this is probably a case of homophony).

Yigezu 2001: 366; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313. Cf. Zilmamu kodíy-o in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 366. This is the suppletive perfective stem, quoted as īr- in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 383]; as érːí in [Abbink 1993: 47].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as irː-a in [Turton et al. 2008: 87]; as ʔìrì-ɛ́ː in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; as írː-á in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as ir- in [Will 1989: 146]; as ira-boy {iràboy} ~ iro-boy {iròboy} in [Ricci 1971: 232]; as ir- in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as à=mát-ìyàː (3 p. sg. perf.) in [Hieda 1991: 24]. Totally different equivalent in [Bender 1971: 266]: arθià 'drink'.

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as imperative ut-a, past tense ut-i, verbal noun tu in [Bender 1983: 119].

Last & Lucassen 1998: 383. This is the suppletive imperfective stem, not listed in [Yigezu 2001]. Cf. Tirma maːt-o in [Bender 1971: 265] (incorrectly segmented as maː-to by the author).

Turton et al. 2008: 120. This is supposedly the suppletive imperfective stem, not listed in either [Yigezu 2001] or [Siebert & Caudwell 2002]; external data, however, confirm its reality and relevance for the present list.

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as mad- (imperfective stem) in [Will 1989: 142].

Yigezu 2001: 366.

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as dokok (1st p. pres. ko=dokoɣ-i) 'to be dry' in [Driberg 1931: 158].

Yigezu 2001: 366.

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as dɔː-k (3rd p. sg. a=dɔ-i) 'be dry, hard, strong, tough, stiff' in [Lyth 1971: 16]. Quoted as ɔ=dɔ-y in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted phonologically as á=dːɔ̄dːɔ́g-ɛ̄ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Totally different equivalent in Zilmamu: kile 'dry' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as dɔ̀rɔ̀g-ɔ̀sí 'dry (of clothing)' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 427]; as ɗór-ósī ~ ɗór-ókā 'dry' in [Abbink 1993: 46]. Cf. Tirma dorog-o in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Cf. ɗɔrɔk-u 'to dry (intr.)' in [Turton et al. 2008: 57]; hà=ɗʋ́r-ɛ̀s 'dry, of clothing' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]. Quoted as ɗór-ɔ́ːsì in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Cf. ròm-ós 'to dry' in [Will 1993: 74]. Quoted as rom-asi {ròmasi} in [Ricci 1971: 376]; cf. also rom-asi-day 'to dry (smth.), to dry oneself' [ibid.]. Quoted as rom-osi in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. also šol-šol-i {šòl šolì} 'light, dry' (?) in [Ricci 1971: 389].

Yigezu 2001: 366. Quoted as kùkʼwáːkʼà in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 366.

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. k=ī-tāt, pl. k=í-nā in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as ı̀-tát, pl. ì-tʌ̀tː-wá in [Odden 1983: 171]; as sg. i-tˈat, pl. iˈiː-na ~ i-tˈaːt-wa in [Driberg 1931: 167].

Yigezu 2001: 367.

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as i-tat, pl. iː-n, with polysemy: 'ear / fin' in [Lyth 1971: 22]; as sg. í-tàt, pl. ı̄ː-n in [Tucker 1951: 110]; as iː-tǝt in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. ı̄-ðáː-nı́, pl. ı̄-nːá in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Completely different in Zilmamu: wın-a [Bender 1971: 267] (cf. Majang wìːn-á).

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. ɲàb-í, pl. ɲàb-à in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 431]; as ɲáb-í in [Abbink 1993: 58]. Cf. Tirma ɲabiːʔ in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. ɲab-i, pl. ɲab-a in [Turton et al. 2008: 133]; as ɲáb-ì in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; as nyàb-íː in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as ɲab-ič {ñabìč} in [Ricci 1971: 370]; as ɲab-eɕ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. náb-ò, pl. náb-àn in [Hieda 1991: 5]; as ɲàb-ó in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic néb-ò [Hieda 1990: 99].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. wéːn-à, pl. weːn in [Bender 1983: 125]; as weyn-aː in [Cerulli 1948: 159].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Meaning glossed as 'earth (ground)'. Quoted as lòː-ɕ in [Stirtz 2011: 16].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Meaning glossed as 'earth (ground)'. Quoted as lo-iɕ, pl. lˈo-ŋɲa 'earth, world, climate country' in [Driberg 1931: 170]. Cf. also ðɛm (rare singulative ðɛm-it) 'earth, soil' [Driberg 1931: 165] (this item should possibly be preferred to lóː-č in view of its semantics, but it is not quite clear how semantically accurate [Driberg 1931] is in general).

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as lòː-t 'ground' in [Randal 1998: 238].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as lo-ɕ, pl. lo-ɕ-ok 'earth, world, ground, place' in [Lyth 1971: 31]; as lò-ɕ 'world' in [Tucker 1951: 112]. Cf. also sg. tɔdɔ-aɕ, pl. tɔdɔ 'earth, soil, clay, dirt, rust' in [Lyth 1971: 54], quoted as tɔ̄ɗɔ̄w-āɕ in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 367; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313.

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as bá 'earth, ground' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 426]; as bàʔ 'earth, place' in [Abbink 1993: 42].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as ɓa 'place, ground, earth' in [Turton et al. 2008: 32]; as bá 'earth, ground' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]. Cf. also ɗɔr 'earth, soil, mud' in [Turton et al. 2008: 57].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as ba {bà} in [Ricci 1971: 240]. Cf. also ker {cér} 'earth' in [Ricci 1971: 288].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as dàːrì in [Hieda 1991: 51]. Cf. Yidenic dāálù 'ground' in [Hieda 1990: 100].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as ɗo 'country, soil, etc.' in [Bender 1983: 126]; as ɗuː 'earth' in [Cerulli 1948: 153].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as =duk- in [Stirtz 2011: 44]; as kā=ɗū-ī (1st p. sg.) in [Tucker 1951: 113].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as =duk-, imperative dùɣ-ó "eat!" in [Odden 1983: 150]; as dug (1st p. sg. pres. ka=duɣ-i, 1st p. sg. past ku=duɣ-a) in [Driberg 1931: 158].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Same word as 'bite' q.v. Cf. á=ɗáɣ-ɣà 'it (hunger) is eating me' in [Randall 1998: 222].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Same word as 'bite' q.v. Quoted as dak (3rd p. sg. a=dak), with polysemy: 'to eat / to bite / to chew' in [Lyth 1971: 12]. Cf. also the intransitive form: dao (3rd p. sg. a=dakk-i) [ibid.], quoted as ɗawɔ in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 367; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313. Same word as 'bite' q.v. Completely differently in Zilmamu: am-ši [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 367. As seen in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 426], where this form is quoted as ūs, this is the suppletive perfective stem of the verb 'to eat'. Cf. also báːkā 'to eat' in [Abbink 1993: 42].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as ɓak-a, with polysemy: 'to eat / to live' in [Turton et al. 2008: 32]; as báːh in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; as báká in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as ús-ù 'eat!' (imperative) in [Will 1993: 78]; as us- in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as à=ám-ìyaː (1 p. sg. perf.) in [Hieda 1991: 24]. Cf. kǝ́b 'eat' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as ɗaːm-a (imperative), ɗaːm-i (past tense), ɗaːm-e (verbal noun) in [Bender 1983: 119]; as ɗaːm in [Cerulli 1948: 154].

Last & Lucassen 1998: 426. Suppletive imperfective stem of the verb 'to eat', not attested in [Yigezu 2001]. Cf. Tirma am-do in [Bender 1971: 265].

Turton et al. 2008: 24. Probably the suppletive imperfective stem of the verb 'to eat', not attested in [Yigezu 2001], although the source does not explicitly mention this. Cf. also us-a 'eat' in [Turton et al. 2008: 172] (corresponds to the perfective stem ūs in Suri, but the aspectual meaning in Mursi is unclear).

Will 1993: 78; Will 1989: 140. Suppletive imperfective stem of the verb 'to eat', not attested in [Yigezu 2001]. In [Ricci 1971: 278], the infinitive form for 'to eat' is listed as k=ami-day {càmiday} and is specified as distinct from am-day ~ am-iday 'to devour' [Ricci 1971: 222]; this velar prefix does not figure in any later descriptions of the language.

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. būːr-nànı̀t, pl. būːrù in [Stirtz 2011: 11]; as sg. bʋ̄r-nàk, pl. bʋ̄rʋ̄ in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. bùːrr-ʌ̀nítː ~ bùːrr-yʌ̀nítː, pl. búːrù in [Odden 1983: 150, 172]; as sg. buru-nˈanit, pl. bˈuru in [Driberg 1931: 164].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as bùrú-nâ (nominative pl.) 'eggs' in [Randal 1998: 236].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as pl. buːrɔ, sg. buːr-nɛt in [Lyth 1971: 8]; as bʋro in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 367; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313. Polysemy: 'egg / testicle'. Differently in Zilmamu: kogološ [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. ɓùrːá-í, pl. ɓùrːá in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 427]; as ɓúrːàʔ (pl.) 'eggs, testicles' in [Abbink 1993: 44]. Cf. Tirma ɓuraʔ in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. ɓurːa-y, pl. ɓurːa in [Turton et al. 2008: 40]; as bùrːá-i in [Bender 1971: 265]. Cf. ɗúrɔ̀-i 'egg' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18] (possibly a misprint for ɓúrɔ̀-i?).

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as mula {mulà} in [Ricci 1971: 358]; as mula-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 367; Hieda 1991: 19. Quoted as mɔ́ːgù in [Bender 1971: 266]. Borrowed from an Omotic source (cf. Kara mukʼo, Galila muːka, etc.).

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. totoka-n, pl. totoka-k in [Bender 1983: 125]; as tutːuka-n in [Cerulli 1948: 159].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. k=ɛ̄bɛ̄rɛ̄-ɕ, pl. k=ɛ̄bɛ̄rɛ̄ʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. xèbèrè-ɕ, pl. xɛ̀bɛ̀rı̀ in [Odden 1983: 171]; as sg. kibɛrˈeː-ɕ, pl. kɛbˈêri 'eye, stop of flute' in [Driberg 1931: 167].

Yigezu 2001: 367.

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. kebere-ɕ, pl. kɛbɛrɛ, with polysemy: 'eye / seed' in [Lyth 1971: 25]; as sg. kɛ̄bɛ̄rɛ̄-ɕ, pl. kɛ̄bɛ̄rɛ̄ʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110]; as kıbereː-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Plural form; quoted as sg. kēːré ~ kēːré-ɕ, pl. kɛ̄ːrɛ́ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Polysemy: 'eye / seed'. Cf. Zilmamu keberi [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted in a more archaic, non-contracted, variant in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 429]: sg. kàbár-í, pl. kábár-é, with polysemy: 'fruit / eye'. Quoted as kābār-éː 'eye, fruit' in [Abbink 1993: 51]. Cf. Tirma kɛbaːri in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. kabari, pl. kaːr-e (sic!), with polysemy: 'eye / seed' in [Turton et al. 2008: 94]; as káːr-ì 'eye' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; as kábárí in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as kabari-č {cabarìč} in [Ricci 1971: 263]; obviously the same root as in kabar-a {cabarà} 'kernel, stone' [Ricci 1971: 262]. Quoted as kabare-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as sg. kárb-ò, pl. kárb-àn in [Hieda 1991: 5]; as kɛ́ːrbù in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic kérb-ò [Hieda 1990: 99].

Yigezu 2001: 367. Quoted as táːmá 'eyes' in [Bender 1983: 117]; as sg. taːm-a, pl. taːm-e ~ taːm-ɔner in [Bender 1983: 126]; as taːmaː 'eye' in [Cerulli 1948: 158].

Stirtz 2011: 31. Plural: mʋ́rɛ́ 'fat, oil'. Cf. ŋɔ́rɔ̀-ɕ 'fat' in [Tucker 1951: 110] (probably a different form, unrelated to Stirtz's múrèː-ɕ). Not attested in Yigezu's data (his 'fat' in the comparative wordlists is the adjective 'fat').

Odden 1983: 175. Quoted as sg. murˈeː-ɕ, pl. mˈôri 'uncooked fat' in [Driberg 1931: 172]. Not attested in Yigezu's data (his 'fat' in the comparative wordlists is the adjective 'fat').

Not attested in Yigezu's data (his 'fat' in the comparative wordlists is the adjective 'fat').

Lyth 1971: 39. Pl.: morɛ. Not attested in Yigezu's data (his 'fat' in the comparative wordlists is the adjective 'fat'). Cf. ŋɔ́rːɔ̀-ɕ 'fat' in [Tucker 1951: 110] (same discrepancy between Yigezu's and Tucker's records as in the case of Narim). Cf. wʋtʸi 'fat' in [Bender 1971: 280].

Not attested in Yigezu's data (his 'fat' in the comparative wordlists is the adjective 'fat'). Cf. Zilmamu muri 'fat' in [Bender 1971: 267].

Abbink 1993: 43. Not attested in Yigezu's data (his 'fat' in the comparative wordlists is the adjective 'fat'). Cf. Tirma kudaːi 'fat' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Not attested in Yigezu's data (his 'fat' in the comparative wordlists is the adjective 'fat'). Cf. šuli 'oil' in [Turton et al. 2008: 155]; kùtái 'fat, grease' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; gɔ́rài 'fat' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Not attested in Yigezu's data (his 'fat' in the comparative wordlists is the adjective 'fat'). Cf. kʼuɗa 'fat' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Not attested in Yigezu's data (his 'fat' in the comparative wordlists is the adjective 'fat'). Cf. wàʔàtì 'oil' in [Hieda 1991: 23]; sagaʔ 'fat' (with a question mark) in [Bender 1971: 266].

Not attested in Yigezu's data (his 'fat' in the comparative wordlists is the adjective 'fat').

Yigezu 2001: 368. Differently in [Stirtz 2011: 17]: ɲámádál 'feather'.

Yigezu 2001: 368. Quoted as sg. x=ʌ̀ùrèː-ɕ, pl. x=àʋ̀rı̀ in [Odden 1983: 171]; as sg. k=aure-t, pl. k=aˈuri in [Driberg 1931: 167].

Yigezu 2001: 368.

Yigezu 2001: 368. Quoted as sg. roːbe-ɕ, pl. rɔːbɛ-n in [Lyth 1971: 49].

Yigezu 2001: 368. In [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313], the meaning 'feather' is expressed by the same word as 'hair' q.v.

Yigezu 2001: 368. Quoted as rúā-y in [Abbink 1993: 59].

Yigezu 2001: 368. Cf. čɔ́rɛ̀ 'hair' q.v. Cf. búìčɛ̀rɛ̀ 'feather' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18], where čɛ̀rɛ̀ is most likely an assimilated variant of *čɔrɛ, and the first component = 'big' q.v.

Yigezu 2001: 368. Quoted as sélà in [Will 1993: 79]. In [Ricci 1971: 309], the meaning 'feather' is expressed by the same form as 'hair' q.v.

Yigezu 2001: 368. Quoted as óròm in [Hieda 1991: 19].

Yigezu 2001: 368. Quoted as loːm 'feathers' in [Bender 1983: 117]; as sg. loːmu-n, pl. loːm-i in [Bender 1983: 124].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as sg. gūō, pl. gūō-ɲāʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as gwòó, pl. gwòːyː-én in [Ogden 1983: 172]; as gwo, pl. gwo-yen in [Driberg 1931: 166].

Yigezu 2001: 369.

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as go, pl. go-ɲya, with polysemy: 'fire / bullet' in [Lyth 1971: 20]; as sg. gū, pl. gū-ɕä́ in [Tucker 1951: 110]; as goː in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as gó in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Cf. Zilmamu go in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as gò, pl. gò-éná in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 428]; as gʷóʔ in [Abbink 1993: 48]. Cf. Tirma gɔ in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as go, pl. go-ɕin in [Turton et al. 2008: 73]; as gó in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; as guː in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as go-y {gòy} in [Ricci 1971: 338]; cf. also goː {gòo} 'conflagration' in [Ricci 1971: 323]. Quoted as g(ʷ)oː in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as gù, pl. gùw-àn in [Hieda 1991: 31]; as gùː in [Bender 1971: 266]. Same form in Yidenic [Hieda 1990: 99].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as maɗːaː in [Cerulli 1948: 156].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as sg. k=ūlūgò-ɕ, pl. k=ūlūgāʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as sg. ùlùgò-ìɕ, pl. ùlùgò ~ ùlùg-èːtʌ̀ in [Odden 1983: 171, 173]; as sg. g=ulugo-ˈiɕ, pl. g=ulugo in [Driberg 1931: 166].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as ùlúg-t in [Randal 1998: 241].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as sg. k=ulug-it, pl. k=uluk in [Lyth 1971: 29]; as sg. k=ūlū, pl. k=ūlūg-īt (probably the reverse is meant, since -it is normally a singulative suffix) in [Tucker 1951: 110]; as k=ulug-it in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as sg. ʋ̄lʋ̄g-ı́, pl. ʋ̄lʋ̄ ~ ʋ̄lʋ̄-gı̄-ɕːá ~ ʋ̄rgʋ́-sːɛ́ːn in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Cf. Zilmamu ulugu-t in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as úrgú-sī in [Abbink 1993: 62]. Cf. Tirma uguːlː-a (with metathesis) in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as sg. urgusː-i, pl. urgusː-a in [Turton et al. 2008: 172]; as ʔúrgùs-ɔ̀ in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; as úrːgùsː-ì in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as kaǯiwa {caǧiwa} in [Ricci 1971: 274]; as kʼaʓo-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 266]. Quoted as Bodi kʼáʓó-ɕ 'fish' in [Will 1991: 109]; it is stated ibid. that in Tishena this word means 'ant (big kind)' - a somewhat odd direction of semantic change, so one cannot exclude the option of homophony.

Yigezu 2001: 369; Hieda 1991: 18. Cf. Yidenic ártò in [Hieda 1990: 100]. Quoted as árːtù in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as olʸt in [Bender 1983: 116]; as sg. olt, pl. olt-ir in [Bender 1983: 126]; as olt-ir in [Cerulli 1948: 151].

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as ū=kúl in [Tucker 1951: 113].

Driberg 1931: 159. 1st p. pres.: ka=kuːl-i. Polysemy: 'to run / to fly'. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001] (the entry 'fly' on p. 369 contains the noun kìròŋ-ìt 'fly (insect)' instead of the verb 'to fly').

Yigezu 2001: 369. (Yigezu mixes up the equivalents for the verb 'to fly' and the noun 'fly' in his list, but the Tennet entry, judging by external parallels and internal structure, is unmistakably the verb 'to fly').

Lyth 1971: 29. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001] (the entry 'fly' on p. 369 contains the noun kìròŋ-ìt 'fly (insect)' instead of the verb 'to fly').

Not attested in [Yigezu 2001] (the entry 'fly' on p. 369 contains the noun kìròŋ-í 'fly (insect)' instead of the verb 'to fly').

Abbink 1993: 41. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001] (the entry 'fly' on p. 369 contains the noun kīrōŋ-í 'fly (insect)' instead of the verb 'to fly').

Yigezu 2001: 369. Quoted as banaʔ in [Turton et al. 2008: 27]. Different synonym in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]: nɛ̀só 'it flies'.

Not properly attested. In our least reliable source, there are two competing verbal stems: tya-day {tyàday} [Ricci 1971: 414] and woye-day {woyéday} [Ricci 1971: 420], but their semantic glossing is dubious, no textual examples are provided, and neither of the two is confirmed by external parallels.

Hieda 1991: 21. 3rd p. sg. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001].

Not attested.

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as sg. ðō-ɕ, pl. ðóʔ in [Tucker 1951: 110]. Cf. ðòː-č 'leg' [Yigezu 2001: 375].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as sg. ðóː-ɕ, pl. ðóː in [Odden 1983: 169]; as sg. ðo-iɕ, pl. ðo in [Driberg 1931: 165]. Cf. ðò-č 'leg' [Yigezu 2001: 375].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Cf. ðò-č 'leg' [Yigezu 2001: 375].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as sg. ðo-ɕ, pl. ðɔ in [Lyth 1971: 14], with polysemy: 'leg / foot / toe / track'; as ðɔː 'foot' in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as sg. só ~ só-ɕ, pl. sɔ́ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Cf. šo ~ šow-a 'foot' in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as sg. ʓàgàr-í, pl. ʓàgàr-é in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 429]; as ʓágár-í ~ ʓáːr-í in [Abbink 1993: 51]. Cf. Tirma ʓagar-i in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as ʓar-e 'foot, leg' in [Turton et al. 2008: 92]; as ǯár-ì 'foot' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 18]; as ʓáːr-ì 'foot' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as ǯarːi-č {ǧarrìč} 'foot, leg' in [Ricci 1971: 342]; as ʓare-ɕ 'foot' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as sg. ʓàp, pl. ʓàp-àn 'foot, leg' in [Hieda 1991: 6]; as ʓo in [Bender 1971: 266] (provided that this is really the same root). Cf. Yidenic gʸeb [Hieda 1990: 99].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as diran 'foot, leg' in [Cerulli 1948: 153].

Yigezu 2001: 370.

Yigezu 2001: 370. This verbal root is quoted as bit (1st p. pres. ka=bið-i) 'to be full' in [Driberg 1931: 157].

Yigezu 2001: 370.

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as bit (3rd p. sg. a=bið) 'to be full' in [Lyth 1971: 7].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as á=ı̄=bı́tːɛ́ (3sg. impf.) in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as ɗīnèː 'full' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 428]; as ɗíɲē 'full' in [Abbink 1993: 45]. Cf. also in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 427]: dídíɲí 'heavy / full' (same as Yigezu's equivalent for 'heavy' q.v.; the two forms may be related, since dídíɲí appears to be a reduplicated derivative).

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as ɗini-yo in [Turton et al. 2008: 55]; as ʔá=ɗı̀nì in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]. Cf. also ɕawa 'to be full, satisfied' in [Turton et al. 2008: 41]. The old verb from which this adjectival or intransitive verbal stem is derived is also attested: ɗiyá 'fill, cause to be full' [Turton et al. 2008: 55].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Cf. dibisa-boy {dibisàboy} 'to fill up (smth.)' [Ricci 1971: 312].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as táb 'to be full' in [Hieda 1991: 53].

Yigezu 2001: 370.

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as ɲāɲá in [Tucker 1951: 113] (reduplicated stem?).

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as iɲ (1st p. pres. ka=iɲ-i) in [Driberg 1931: 159].

Yigezu 2001: 370.

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as a=ɲe-k (3rd p. sg. a=ɲi) in [Lyth 1971: 3]; as ɛ=nyɛ-k in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted phonologically as ā=ɲːé-gé in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Cf. Zilmamu šo 'give' in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as āy (imperfective stem), āʓ (perfective stem) in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 383, 426]; as áɲɔ̄ in [Abbink 1993: 41]. Cf. Tirma aːnyɔʔ 'give' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as aine-a in [Turton et al. 2008: 22]; as aínɛ́-á in [Bender 1971: 265]. Differently in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]: ʔáǯì-ò 'he gives it to me'.

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as aǯi-do {aǧido} 'to give' in [Ricci 1971: 216]; as ay- in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as à=ái-yàː (1st p. sg. perf.) in [Hieda 1991: 42]; as hi-yaʔ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 370. Quoted as gaːɓ (imperative and past tense), gaːɓ-ɛ (verbal noun) in [Bender 1983: 119]; as gam in [Cerulli 1948: 154].

Yigezu 2001: 371. Quoted as ā=ɓúnː-á in [Tucker 1951: 112].

Yigezu 2001: 371. Quoted as bon-a (1st p. pres. ka=bon-a) 'to be good' in [Driberg 1931: 157].

Yigezu 2001: 371.

Yigezu 2001: 371. Quoted as bon-a 'to be good, well, correct, kind; must' in [Lyth 1971: 7]; as ā=ɓún in [Tucker 1951: 112]; as a=bʋn in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 371. Quoted as á=ɕːālːɛ́ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Cf. Zilmamu: robo 'good' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 371. Quoted as ɕàlː-í, pl. ɕālː-ā 'good, beautiful' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 427]; as ɕàlːíʔ 'good, beautiful, clean, clear, right, well' in [Abbink 1993: 44]. Cf. Tirma ɕaːlːi 'good' in [Bender 1965: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 371. Quoted as ɕalː-i in [Turton et al. 2008: 41]; as ʔá=čɛ̀l-ì in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]; as ɕál-ì in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 371. Quoted as buši {bušì} in [Ricci 1971: 252]. Differently in [Bender 1971: 266]: šeʔi 'good' = šay {šày} 'honest, gracious, sane, quiet' [Ricci 1971: 392].

Yigezu 2001: 371. Quoted as šúkà in [Hieda 1991: 52]. Differently in [Bender 1971: 266]: bùšúː-gù 'good'.

Yigezu 2001: 371. Quoted as mintan 'good, kind' in [Bender 1983: 120]; as mintaːn in [Cerulli 1948: 157].

Tucker 1951: 112. Not attested in Yigezu's materials.

Driberg 1931: 178. Polysemy: 'wet / moist / blue / green /grey'. Not attested in Yigezu's materials.

Not attested.

Lyth 1971: 11. Plural form: ɕola-ik. Polysemy: 'new / raw / green / blue / grey'. Same word as 'new' q.v. Not attested in Yigezu's materials.

Not attested.

Last & Lucassen 1998: 427. Meaning glossed as 'greenish; bluish; new' (see also 'new'). Slightly dubious, but it is rather common in this area for the meanings 'new' and 'green' to be expressed by the same word/root. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001].

Turton et al. 2008: 41. Polysemy: 'green / raw'. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001]. Quoted as čág-ì in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19].

Not properly attested. Cf., however, čay 'green' in [Ricci 1971: 310] = čàʔí 'new' q.v.

Hieda 1991: 48. Meaning glossed as 'light blue, dark green'. Cf. also mòːlá 'purple, gray, green' [ibid.].

Not attested.

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ı̄mā-tɔ̀t, pl. ı̄mā 'hair' in [Stirtz 2011: 11]; as sg. ı̄mā-tòt, pl. ı̄māʔ in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. èmʌ́ː-ɕ, pl. èmá in [Driberg 1931: 170]; as sg. imˈaː-ɕit, pl. iːmˈaː in [Driberg 1931: 166]..

Yigezu 2001: 372.

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as pl. im ~ ima, sg. imi-taːt in [Lyth 1971: 22]; as em in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ı́mːá-ʓí, pl. ı́mːá in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Cf. Zilmamu: eme-ta 'hair' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as ɕóré, pl. ɕòré-ná in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 427]; as ɕóːré in [Abbink 1993: 45]. Cf. Tirma ɕore in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as ɕɔrɛ, with polysemy: 'hair / feather / beard' in [Turton et al. 2008: 44]; as čɔ́rː 'hair of head' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]; as ɕɔ́ːrè in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ɕʼòr-téɕ ~ ɕʼɔr-eɕ, pl. ɕʼɔr-a in [Will 1993: 63, 136]; as čore {čoré} 'hair, feather, wool' in [Ricci 1971: 309]; as ɕʼore in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ɕʼérà-ʆì, pl. ɕʼérà-ʆàn in [Hieda 1991: 5]; also as ɕʼèrà-sì in [Hieda 1991: 16]; as ɕìráː-žù in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic ɕìrà in [Hieda 1990: 101].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. amu-n, pl. aːm-i in [Bender 1983: 124]; as ameː in [Cerulli 1948: 151].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as āðī-t in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ʌ̀ðːíː-t, pl. àðːɛ̀-n in [Odden 1983: 172]; as sg. aðiː-t, pl. aði-na 'hand, finger' in [Driberg 1931: 162].

Yigezu 2001: 372.

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. aðiː-t, pl. ɛðɛ-n, with polysemy: 'hand / finger' in [Lyth 1971: 1]. Cf. also aði, pl. aðɛ-t 'right hand' [ibid.]. Quoted as sg. āðī-t, pl. āðī-n in [Tucker 1951: 111]; as aːðeː-tʸ (pl. form) in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. āyí, pl. āyí-nːá in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 312]. Cf. Zilmamu: aši [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. síyó, pl. sè-né-ná in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 433]; as síː-yɔ̄ in [Abbink 1993: 60]. Cf. Tirma si-no (probably the plural form) in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. si-o, pl. se-no 'hand; arm' in [Turton et al. 2008: 148]; as sɛ́-nò 'hand' (actually = 'hands') in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]; as síː-ò in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as si-t {sìt} in [Ricci 1971: 383]; as si-t in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. búá, pl. bùàw-àn 'arm, hand' in [Hieda 1991: 5]; as búːà in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic bōá 'arm' in [Hieda 1990: 100].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ari, pl. ari-n ~ ar-n in [Bender 1983: 126]; as ari 'hand' in [Cerulli 1948: 152].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ɔ̄ūā, pl. óː-tīʔ in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ɔ̀ː, pl. òː-tì in [Odden 1983: 172]; as sg. ô, pl. ˈoː-tiː in [Driberg 1931: 174].

Yigezu 2001: 372; Randal 1998: 241.

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ɔ, pl. o-ti, with polysemy: 'head / front / top / lid / point' in [Lyth 1971: 44]; as sg. ɔ̄ː, pl. ó-tīʔ in [Tucker 1951: 111]; as ɔː ~ hɔː in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ɔ̄wá, pl. ōː-ðí in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Cf. Zilmamu: owa [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. sábː-á, pl. sàbː-í in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 432]; as sábːāʔ in [Abbink 1993: 59]. Cf. Tirma sɛbaʔ in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. sabː-a, pl. sabː-i in [Turton et al. 2008: 146]; as sábː-à in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]; as sàb-à in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as saba {sàba} in [Ricci 1971: 380]; as sabo in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ʆúb-ó, pl. ʆúb-àn in [Hieda 1991: 5]; as šùːbò in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic sūúbò in [Hieda 1990: 100].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as oɗoʔo in [Cerulli 1948: 151].

Yigezu 2001: 372. With an additional morphemic component of unclear status, quoted as ðı̄-rár- in [Stirtz 2011: 20]; as ðī-rār-á in [Tucker 1951: 114].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as ðik (1st p. pres. ka=ðik-i) 'to hear, perceive' in [Driberg 1931: 158].

Yigezu 2001: 372.

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as ði-k (3rd p. sg. a=ði), with polysemy: 'to hear / to understand / to listen' in [Lyth 1971: 14]; as ðeː-ɔ in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sìɠ-ó in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313]. Cf. Zilmamu: šık-éyo [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as šīg (imperf. stem), šīk (perf. stem) in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 433]; as šík-ā, with polysemy: 'to hear / to understand' in [Abbink 1993: 60]. Cf. Tirma šiːk- in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as šig-a, with polysemy: 'to listen / understand / find out' in [Turton et al. 2008: 153] (although the meaning 'hear' is accidentally not listed); as šík-ò 'hear' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]; as šík-à in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as šìk in [Will 1993: 67]; as ša-boy {šàboy} 'to hear, listen' in [Ricci 1971: 386]; as ši- in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as à=wáì-yàː (1st p. sg. perf.) in [Hieda 1991: 9]; as wáː-yà in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as teːy (imperative), tiːy (past tense), teː-an (verbal noun) in [Bender 1983: 119]; as tiy- in [Cerulli 1948: 159].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ðōn-ı̄θ, pl. ðīn-ðētìʔ in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ðı̀nı́-t, pl. ðìnːèː-tì in [Odden 1983: 172]; as ðini-t, pl. ðini-t-wa in [Driberg 1931: 165].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Cf. the plural form ðìn-ðèt in [Randal 1998: 223].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as ðinið, pl. ðinð-eti in [Lyth 1971: 14]; as nyinıs (sic!) 'heart' in [Bender 1971: 280] (with an idiolectal assimilation of the first consonant?).

Yigezu 2001: 372; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313. Plural form: sı́ːnı́-ðı́.

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. híní, pl. híní-sí in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 429]; as híní in [Abbink 1993: 49]. In Tirma, the word 'heart' is glossed as tarːa in [Bender 1971: 265] = Chai Suri tārːá 'liver' q.v.

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as hini in [Turton et al. 2008: 79]. The word hóhò 'heart' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19] is probably erroneous, since in [Turton et al. 2008: 80] it is glossed as hohu 'lungs'. On the other hand, cf. also hóhùː 'heart' in [Bender 1971: 265] - perhaps this is really a generic term for several different internal organs.

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as šini {šinì} 'heart, conscience' in [Ricci 1971: 390]; as šinˈi 'heart' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as sg. ʆèn, pl. ʆèn-àn in [Hieda 1991: 7]. Completely different in [Bender 1971: 266]: lùáːbò 'heart' (clearly a Semitic borrowing, cf. Amharic lǝbb, etc.).

Yigezu 2001: 372. Quoted as ɓaye 'internal organ' in [Bender 1983: 117] and as sg. ɓaːye, pl. ɓaye-tun 'heart' in [Bender 1983: 126].

Yigezu 2001: 373. Quoted as sg. ōtòː-n, pl. ōtòː in [Stirtz 2001: 11]; as sg. ōtō-n, pl. ōtōʔ in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 373. Quoted as sg. òtːòː-ɕ ~ òtːòː-n, pl. òtːò in [Odden 1983: 171, 172]; as sg. oːtˈoː-n, pl. oːtˈo 'horn, tusk' in [Driberg 1931: 175].

Yigezu 2001: 373.

Yigezu 2001: 373. Quoted as sg. ɔtɔː-n, pl. ɔtɔ in [Lyth 1971: 46]; as ɔtɔ-n in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 373. Quoted as sg. ʋ̄t̪ːʋ́-n, pl. ʋ̄t̪ːʋ̄-ɲːá in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 313].

Yigezu 2001: 373. Quoted as sg. kɛ̀rːɛ̀, pl. kɛ̀rːé-ná in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 430]; as kɛ̄rːɛ̄, pl. kɛ̄rːɛ̄-nā in [Abbink 1993: 52]. Cf. Tirma kerːe in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 373. Quoted as kɛ́rːɛ̀ in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]; as kɛ̀rːèː in [Bender 1971: 265]. Absent from Turton et al.'s dictionary.

Yigezu 2001: 373. Quoted as kerǯa {cèrǧa} in [Ricci 1971: 292]; as kʼɛrʓe in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 373. Quoted as šéí in [Hieda 1991: 14]; as šeː in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 373. Quoted as koyteː in [Cerulli 1948: 156]. Cf. kulbe 'horn' in [Bender 1983: 125].

Yigezu 2001: 374. This is actually the accusative form, quoted as ā-n-éːtà in [Stirtz 2011: 86]; cf. subject n=ā 'I' ibid.

Yigezu 2001: 374. Absolutive (independent) form. Cf. the more detailed paradigmatic information in [Odden 1983: 167, 169]: absolutive ŋ=à-n-ɛ̀ːtà, subject n=àː-n-à, object form -à-n-ı̀. Quoted as "independent" form ŋ=a-n-eta ~ n=a-n-a, object form -ani in [Driberg 1931: 142-143].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Absolutive (independent) form.

Yigezu 2001: 374. This is actually the accusative form. Cf. the paradigmatic information in [Lyth Gr. 1971: 16-17]: nominative n=aːna ~ n=a, accusative a-n-eːta. Quoted as a-n-eːt in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as ā-n-dá in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 299]. Absolutive (independent) form. Cf. also the postverbal (nominative) independent form: n=āː-ná [ibid., p. 300]. Cf. Zilmamu: a-n-eta [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as à-ɲè (preverbal subject / object form), with an additional postverbal subject variant á-ɲóː in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 396]; as ā-ɲī in [Abbink 1993: 41]. Cf. Tirma a-ɲi in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as a-ɲi in [Turton et al. 2008: 25]; as ʔái-nè in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]. In [Turton & Bender 1976: 540], the prepositional subject form is a-ɲı, the postpositional emphatic form is a-ɲoi.

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as à-ɲì in [Will 1993: 67]; as a-ni ~ a-ɲi in [Will 1989: 130]; as a-ɲi in [Ricci 1971: 140] and in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as àː-n in [Hieda 1991: 54]; as aː-n in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as ɛːt ~ eːt ~ eːti in [Bender 1983: 128]; as eːt ~ eːti in [Cerulli 1948: 137]. This is the phrase-initial form; the non-initial form is ɕ=aː-k ~ ɕ=aː-k-a [Bender 1983: 128].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as ruw- ~ (u)ruk- in [Stirtz 2011: 42].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as =ruk- in [Odden 1983: 154]; as ruk (1st p. sg. pres. ka=ruk-i) in [Driberg 1931: 161].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as ú=rúɣ '(he) killed' in [Randal 1998: 241] (same form is also quoted as 'he beat' in [Randal 1998: 244], implying polysemy).

Yigezu 2001: 374. Also káɗáːk id. [ibid.]. Quoted as ruk, with polysemy: 'to hit / beat / hammer / kill / pay', in [Lyth 1971: 49]. Cf. kǝtʰ 'kill' in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 374; Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314. Cf. Zilmamu: ruk-uši 'kill' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as kʷá=tɔ̄ʔɔ̄dā 'to kill, murder' in [Abbink 1993: 52]. Cf. also ɗēt, with polysemy: 'to finish / to kill' [Last & Lucassen 1998: 428]; ēy (impf. stem) / ēʓ (perf. stem), with polysemy: 'to kill / to shoot' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 383, 428]. Cf. Tirma ɗaga kere 'to kill' in [Bender 1971: 265] (the first component = Chai ɗákːáʔ 'to hit' [Abbink 1993: 45], etc.).

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as tɔːɗa in [Turton et al. 2008: 163]; as tǝ́ːdà in [Bender 1971: 265]. In [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19], the meaning 'kill' is glossed as dágà = ɗaga 'hit, strike, fall, stop' in [Turton et al. 2008: 52].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as in- ~ hin- in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Differently in [Bender 1971: 266]: yímtù 'kill'.

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as ɓokut (imperative, past tense), ɓokut-iːt (verbal noun) in [Bender 1983: 119]; as bokut in [Cerulli 1948: 153].

Last & Lucassen 1998: 431. Suppletive imperfective stem, not listed in [Yigezu 2001].

Will 1993: 66. Suppletive imperfective stem, not listed in [Yigezu 2001]. Quoted as nisi-day {nìsiday} 'to kill' or as nisa-boy {nisàboy} 'to murder' in [Ricci 1971: 366].

Hieda 1991: 17. The exact quoted form is à=níːš-ìyàː (1st p. sg. perf.). Not listed in Yigezu 2001.

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as sg. kūðūŋ, pl. kūðūŋ-tīːʔ in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as sg. xʋ̀ðʋ́ŋ, pl. xúðùŋː-tì in [Odden 1983: 172]; as hôðoŋ, pl. hôðoŋ-ti in [Driberg 1931: 166].

Yigezu 2001: 374.

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as kɔðɔŋ in [Bender 1971: 280]. Cf. also lɛkɛɲ, pl. lɛkɛɲ-ɛ 'knee' [Lyth 1971: 30].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as sg. kūnd-í, pl. kūnd-ēːn in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: kušuŋ-at [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as sg. kɔ̀mː-í, pl. kɔ̄mː-ā in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 430]; as kɔ̄mí in [Abbink 1993: 53]. Cf. Tirma kɔmi in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as sg. kɔm-i, pl. kɔm-a in [Turton et al. 2008: 103]; as kɔ́m-ì in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]; as kɔ́n-ì (sic!) in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as komi-č {comìč} in [Ricci 1971: 277]; as kʼomɛ-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 374. Quoted as sg. kùàmìn, pl. kùàmìn-àn in [Hieda 1991: 6]; as kʷamɛ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 374.

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as k=āgá in [Tucker 1951: 114] (probably 1st p. sg. form).

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as ga (1st p. pres. ka=ga) 'to know, be accustomed to' in [Driberg 1931: 159].

Yigezu 2001: 375.

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as ga (3rd p. sg. a=ga) in [Lyth 1971: 18]; as k=àgā in [Tucker 1951: 114]; as k=aːga in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as gáw-ɔ̄ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: ko=gae 'know' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 375. This seems to be the perfective stem. Quoted as tá=gːá in [Abbink 1993: 61]. For the imperfective variant, cf. gāy in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 428]. Cf. Tirma gaː-ɕi in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as gaː-nɔ (probably the imperfective stem) / ta=ka (probably the perfective stem) in [Turton et al. 2008: 68, 158]; as tá=ká in [Bender 1971: 265]; as gá-iǝ̀sò in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Cf. gày 'know' in [Will 1993: 67]; gay-day {gàyday} 'know' in [Ricci 1971: 338]; ta=k- in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as à=ìbáʓ-ìyàː (1st p. sg. perf.) in [Hieda 1991: 45]; as ì=bǝ́dʓ-íà in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as ɗigir (imperative, past tense), ɗigir-an (verbal noun) in [Bender 1983: 119]; as ɗigir in [Cerulli 1948: 154].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Formally, this is a singulative formation from 'bark' q.v.

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as sg. bolˈog-init, pl. bolˈok 'leaf, husk, skin, shell' in [Driberg 1931: 163].

Yigezu 2001: 375.

Yigezu 2001: 375. Formally, a singulative formation from 'bark' q.v., or a compound formation with í-tːàt 'ear' q.v. (literally 'bark-ear'). Cf. in [Lyth 1971: 7]: sg. bɔlo-itot, pl. bɔlɔ-k 'leaf, bark, scale of fish'. In [Bender 1971: 280], the meaning 'leaf' is rendered simply as i-taːt 'ear'.

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as sg. ɓālːóg-óːní, pl. bālːɔ́g-á in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: aten 'leaf' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as sg. ɓálòg-í, pl. ɓálòg-á in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 427]; as ɓálːōgī in [Abbink 1993: 42]. Cf. Tirma ɓàlùwí in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as sg. ɓalːog-i, pl. ɓalːog-a in [Turton et al. 2008: 33]; as ɓálːɔ̀-i in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]; as ɓàlóg-ì in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as sal-eɕ in [Will 1989: 144]; as sal-a {sàla} in [Ricci 1971: 381]; as salɛ-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as kʼágètèŋ in [Hieda 1991: 12]; as kʼàkútò in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 375. Quoted as sg. piŋo-n, pl. piŋo-k in [Bender 1983: 124].

Tucker 1951: 114. The actual quoted form is k=òŋ-í (1st p. sg.) in the dynamic meaning 'to lie down'. In [Yigezu 2001: 375], the same meaning is correlated with the idiomatic expression tàŋù lòːtːà 'to lie down', where the first component = tʌ̀ŋ-ù 'to sleep' q.v.

Not attested properly. In [Yigezu 2001: 375], the dynamic meaning 'to lie down' is glossed as the idiomatic expression tàŋù lóːtːà (where, as in Narim, the first component = tʌ́ŋ-ù 'to sleep' q.v.).

Not attested. Cf. tàŋù 'to lie down' [Yigezu 2001: 375].

Lyth 1971: 45. Meaning glossed as 'to lie down, sleep'. In [Yigezu 2001: 375], the meaning 'to lie down' is glossed as táŋú lóːtːà = tǝŋu ' to lie down' in [Lyth 1971: 51]. Cf. also k=ātāŋû 'to lie down' in [Tucker 1951: 114].

Not attested properly. Cf. kóŋːì 'to lie down' [Yigezu 2001: 375].

Not attested properly. Cf. īgīŋé 'to lie down' [Yigezu 2001: 375].

Not attested properly. Cf. túŋɔ̀ ɓáy 'to lie down' [Yigezu 2001: 375].

Not attested properly. Cf. túŋ-ò 'to lie down' [Yigezu 2001: 375] (= 'sleep' q.v.), quoted as tuŋo-boy {tungòboy} 'to lie' in [Ricci 1971: 410].

Hieda 1991: 31. The exact quoted form is 1st p. sg. aorist à=úŋ-ìyàː 'to lie down, sleep'; cf. also à=úŋ-ìyàː kànìgè 'to lie on one's back', à=úŋ-ìyàː rúátòk 'to sleep' [ibid.]. Cf. úŋ-bà 'to lie down' [Yigezu 2001: 375]. It seems like the basic verb for the meanings 'to lie' and 'to sleep' is the same, but it can be modified with different complements for semantic specification.

Not attested properly. Cf. ǯàːkà 'to lie down' [Yigezu 2001: 376].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as íːɲó in [Stirtz 2011: 17].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as ɲɔ́ː, pl. ɲɔ̀ː-ı̀tʌ̀ in [Odden 1983: 172]; as ɲô, pl. ɲw-ˈeta in [Driberg 1931: 174]. Additionally, cf. kùːl 'liver' in [Odden 1983: 172], an odd synonym that is not confirmed by any additional data sources.

Yigezu 2001: 376.

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as ɲɔ, pl. ɲɔ-tit in [Lyth 1971: 40]; as nyɔː in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as ɲó in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: nyoye-ti 'liver' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as sg. tárːá, pl. tàrːá-ɕīná ~ tàrː-éná in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 433]; as tárːáʔ in [Abbink 1993: 61]. Cf. Tirma maːni 'liver' in [Bender 1971: 265] (the Chai word for 'liver' corresponds to Bender's Tirma equivalent for 'heart' q.v.).

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as tara in [Turton et al. 2008: 159]; as tɛ́rà in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]; as tàrːà in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 376. The word is listed as tara {tarà} 'intestines' in [Ricci 1971: 411]. Quoted as tara 'liver' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as sg. nóh-ò, pl. nóh-àn in [Hieda 1991: 7]; as nǝ̀hɔ́ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as ɲaːy 'internal organ' (sic!) in [Bender 1983: 117].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as wūːn in [Tucker 1951: 112].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as sg. un, pl. u-tik 'tall, high' in [Driberg 1931: 179] (same word, although the meaning 'long' is not included).

Yigezu 2001: 376.

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as wun, pl. wun-tik 'long, high, tall, deep' in [Lyth 1971: 59]; as wʋːn in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as á=ūːn-é 'long, high' in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: un-o [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as ràmːà-í in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 432]; as rámà-y in [Abbink 1993: 59]. Cf. Tirma rːama-ti in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as ràmá-i in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]; as rama-i 'tall' in [Turton et al. 2008: 141]; as rä̀mà-i 'long' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as sg. ramːa-tu, pl. ramːa-tu-da in [Will 1989: 137]; as rama-tu {ràmatu} 'high, long, gigantic' in [Ricci 1971: 376]; as rama-tu 'long' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as láːʓìmì in [Hieda 1991: 52]. Cf. rːä́ːn-tò 'long' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as ʓeɗo- 'be long' in [Bender 1983: 120].

Yigezu 2001: 376.

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as sg. ìɲʌ́ː-ɕ, pl. ìɲʌ́ in [Odden 1983: 170]; as iɲa (sg. and pl.) in [Driberg 1931: 166] ("both vowels low-toned" acc. to the latter source).

Yigezu 2001: 376.

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as sg. iɲi-taːt, pl. iɲ in [Lyth 1971: 22]. Cf. also sg. kerir-oɕ, pl. kerir-i 'louse (of dogs etc.)' in [Lyth 1971: 26]. Not clear how this word relates to rːɔye-ɕ 'louse' in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as sg. ı́ɲːá-ðı́, pl. ı́ɲːá in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: enya [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as sg. úɲʓó-í, pl. úɲʓó in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 434]; as sg. únʓú-y, pl. únʓɔ̄ in [Abbink 1993: 62]. Cf. Tirma ɕuɕu in [Bender 1971: 265] (this form is clearly of Omotic origin).

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as sg. uɲo-i, pl. uɲɔ 'flea' (sic!) in [Turton et al. 2008: 172]; as ʔúnèi 'louse' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]; as úɲò-i in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as unɕo-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. čunčo {čunčò} 'louse' in [Ricci 1971: 308]; despite some phonetic similarity, this seems to be a rather recent borrowing from an Omotic source.

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as íːntó in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 376. Quoted as sg. ŋɛːti-n, pl. ŋɛːti in [Bender 1983: 124].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Same word as 'person' q.v., but cf. also màːčːı́ 'male' [ibid.]. Quoted as sg. éːt-ī, pl. ēːt-à 'man' in [Stirtz 2011: 86]; as sg. ɛ̄ːt, pl. ēt-āʔ in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Same word as 'person' q.v., but cf. also màːčːı̀ 'male' [ibid.]. Quoted as ɛt, pl. et-a 'man, person' in [Driberg 1931: 165].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Same word as 'person' q.v., but cf. also màːčːà 'male' [ibid.]. Quoted as éːt-ì (nominative) in [Randal 1998: 237].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Same word as 'person' q.v., but cf. also máːč 'male' [ibid.]. In [Lyth 1971: 18], the compound form et-ɕi-maːɕi 'man (vir)' (literally = 'person-male') is quoted.

Yigezu 2001: 377. Same word as 'person' q.v., but cf. also màǯí 'male' [ibid.]. Quoted as sg. éː, pl. ēː-ðá 'man, husband' in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as hírí, pl. hìr-ò 'person, man' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 429]; as hírí 'man, husband' in [Abbink 1993: 49]. Cf. also màí 'male' [Last & Lucassen 1998: 431].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Cf. the compound expression hir-a-ma 'man (male person)' in [Turton et al. 2008: 79]. In [Bender 1971: 265], 'man' is glossed as mà-ì 'male'.

Yigezu 2001: 377. Cf. màčʼí 'male' [ibid.], quoted as mači {màči} 'man, male, masculine' in [Ricci 1971: 353] and as Tishena máɕʼɔ̀, Bodi máɕʼ 'husband' in [Will 1991: 109].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Cf. ǯúmú 'male' [ibid.], quoted as ʓùmù 'man, male' in [Hieda 1991: 16].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Same word as 'person' q.v. Cf. also mòːy 'male' [Yigezu 2001: 377], quoted as moi in [Bender 1983: 115].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as mɛ̄lī in [Tucker 1951: 113].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as mɛli-k 'many, numerous' in [Driberg 1931: 179].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as mɛ́ːlɛ̂ in [Randal 1998: 233].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as mɛːlɛ ~ meːl-ik 'many, much, enough' in [Lyth 1971: 35]; as mɛ̄lɛ̄ in [Tucker 1951: 113]; as mɛleː in [Bender 1971: 280]. Cf. also liːti 'to be many' (intr.) in [Lyth 1971: 31].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as á=mːēːlé in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: mıl-ti 'many' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as mɛ̀rı́ ~ mɛ̀ːrı́ in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 404, 431]; as mɛ́rī in [Abbink 1993: 56]. Cf. Tirma meːri in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as meri in [Turton et al. 2008: 120]; as mɛ́rì in [Bender 1971: 265]. Differently in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 19]: ʔá=ŋɛ̀rì 'many'.

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as verb mɛ̀r 'be much' in [Will 1993: 73]; as adjective mɛri in [Will 1989: 138]; as adjective meri {mèri} in [Ricci 1971: 362]; as mɛri 'many' in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. also fas {fàs} 'many' in [Ricci 1971: 322], not confirmed in outside sources.

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as ʓúànò in [Hieda 1991: 46]. Differently in [Bender 1971: 266]: hɔ́kɔ́-tù 'many'.

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as ɓoka in [Bender 1983: 147]; as pwoqa in [Cerulli 1948: 158]. Cf. also the quantifier ʓɛt 'very, much' in [Bender 1983: 127] (e.g. keːwe ʓɛt 'much sand').

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as īɗīŋ in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as ìɗìŋ, pl. ìdìŋː-wá in [Odden 1983: 149, 171]; as ˈidiŋ, pl. ˈidiŋ-wa in [Driberg 1931: 166].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as íɗíŋ in [Randal 1998: 230].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as idiŋ, pl. idi 'meat, muscle' in [Lyth 1971: 21]; as íɗìŋ in [Tucker 1951: 111]; as idiŋ in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as ēɗíŋ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: ıdiŋ [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as àyù, pl. àyù-éná in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 426]; as áyū in [Abbink 1993: 41]. Cf. Tirma ayu in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as aɕuk in [Turton et al. 2008: 22]; as ʔáčò in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]; as àɕùk in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as áɕùk in [Will 1993: 77]; as ačːuk {aččùc} in [Ricci 1971: 210]; as aɕˈuk in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as árùŋ in [Hieda 1991: 18]; as ɛ̀ːrùŋ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 377. Quoted as taːr in [Cerulli 1948: 159].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as ɲēlò-k in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. ɲı̀lɔ̀ː-k, pl. ɲı̀lɔ̀ːɣ-ı̀ in [Odden 1983: 173]; as sg. ɲˈiːlo-k, pl. ɲˈiːlog-i in [Driberg 1931: 174].

Yigezu 2001: 378.

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. ɲelo-k, pl. ɲɛlo-wɛ in [Lyth 1971: 40], with polysemy: 'moon / yolk (of egg)'; as nyeːlɔ-k in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. ɲʋ̄lʋ́, pl. ɲɔ̄lɔ̄-gɛ́ in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: nyilu-k [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. táːgí, pl. tágí-séná in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 433]; as tágì in [Abbink 1993: 61]. Cf. Tirma tɛgi in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. tagi 'moon / month', pl. tai-siɲa 'moons, months' in [Turton et al. 2008: 157]; as tágì in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]; as tàːgì in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. tay-s, pl. tay-s-ena 'month' in [Will 1989: 135]; as tai-s {taìs} 'moon / month' in [Ricci 1971: 395]; as Tishena táí-s vs. Bodi táʔí-s 'month' in [Will 1991: 103]; as tai-s in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as tígè-šì in [Hieda 1991: 48]; as tìgˈè-š in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic tígīs in [Hieda 1990: 100].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. eːyɛ-n, pl. ɛː-ke 'months' in [Bender 1983: 126]; as eye-n in [Cerulli 1948: 152].

Yigezu 2001: 378.

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. múːr, pl. mùːrː-yòːk in [Odden 1983: 172]; as mur, pl. mur-êta 'hill, gentle slope' in [Driberg 1931: 172].

Yigezu 2001: 378.

Yigezu 2001: 378. Probably the same word as ɓɛ́ː 'stone' q.v.; unclear if the phonetic discrepancy actually reflects some derivational pattern or is the result of inaccuracy. Quoted as bɛ, pl. bi-ɛn, with polysemy: 'stone / rock / hill / mountain / bowl of pipe' in [Lyth 1971: 6]; as beʸ 'mountain' in [Bender 1971: 280]. Cf. also ðiːr 'hill' in [Lyth 1971: 13].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as kūt̪ːūl, pl. kūt̪ːūl-ɲá in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: gulʓeni [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. kútːúl, pl. kùtːùl-ù in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 430]; as kūtːūl in [Abbink 1993: 54]. Cf. Tirma kutılo in [Bender 1971: 265]. Cf. also kèɗé 'hill' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 430]; ɗūm 'hill' in [Abbink 1993: 47]; gɛ̄sāy 'mountains, highland' in [Abbink 1993: 48].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. kutːul, pl. kutːul-o 'mountain, hill' in [Turton et al. 2008: 107]; as kùtı́l-à in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]; as kùtùn in [Bender 1971: 265]. Cf. ɗum 'hill' in [Turton et al. 2008: 58].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as eleʔ in [Bender 1971: 266]; as èlé in [Will 1993: 76]; in [Will 1991: 110], the Bodi meaning of the term is given as 'highland', and the Tishena meaning is given as 'on the mountain'. Cf. also raki-č {racìč} 'elevation, hill, mountain', var. rake-č {racéč} 'summit' in [Ricci 1971: 375]. Cf. also Tishena kùðúmé-ɕ 'hill' vs. Bodi kìrkírí 'hill' in [Will 1991: 109].

Yigezu 2001: 378; Hieda 1991: 50. Cf. also ɕúònù 'hill' [Hieda 1991: 50]. Differently in [Bender 1971: 266]: kùrúg 'mountain'.

Yigezu 2001: 378.

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. k=ūtū-k-ētīʔ, pl. k=ūtū-k in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. ʋ̀tʋ́-k, pl. ùtù-g-èːtì in [Odden 1983: 172]; as sg. ˈoːto-k, pl. uːtu-g-ˈêti 'mouth, lip' in [Driberg 1931: 175].

Yigezu 2001: 378.

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as oto-k, pl. tu-g-eti, with polysemy: 'mouth / entrance / message / language' in [Lyth 1971: 46]; as ɔtɔ-k in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. ʋ̄ðʋ́, pl. ūðū-g-ēðí in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu utu-k in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. tùg-ò, pl. tùg-í, with polysemy: 'mouth / language' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 433]; as tūg-ō 'language, mouth, lips' in [Abbink 1993: 62]. Cf. Tirma tug-oː 'mouth' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. tug-o 'mouth, language', pl. tug-i in [Turton et al. 2008: 165]; as túpò (with an obvious typo) in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]; as tùg-ò in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as tùk in [Will 1993: 66]; as tuk {tùc} 'mouth, lip, jaw' in [Ricci 1971: 398] (cf. also tuk-a {tùca} 'beak' [ibid.]); as tuk in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 378. Quoted as sg. tòk, pl. tòg-àn in [Hieda 1991: 5]; as tɔːk in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic tōk [Hieda 1990: 99].

Yigezu 2001: 378; Bender 1983: 115. Plural: atu-n [Bender 1983: 126]. Quoted as atuː in [Cerulli 1948: 152].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as ðárāʔ in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. ðàːr, pl. ðʌ̀ːrː-yòːk in [Odden 1983: 172]; as ðaːr in [Driberg 1931: 165].

Yigezu 2001: 379.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as ðaːr in [Lyth 1971: 13] and in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sārá in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sárá in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 432]; as sáràʔ in [Abbink 1993: 59]. Cf. Tirma sara in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. sara, pl. sara-ɕin in [Turton et al. 2008: 147]; as sɛ́r-à in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]; as sárá in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Differently in [Will 1989: 135]: sg. rɔŋ-o, pl. rɔŋ-i, as well as in [Ricci 1971: 377]: roŋa {rònga}, and in [Bender 1971: 266]: rɔŋi. Quoted as Tishena sg. rɔ́ŋ-à, pl. rɔ́ŋ-ì vs. Bodi sg. rɔ́ŋ-ɔ̀, pl. rɔ̀ŋ-àná in [Will 1991: 98].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as ròŋ in [Hieda 1991: 39]. Differently in [Bender 1971: 266]: sàːryá 'name'.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as tiriya in [Bender 1983: 117].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as īɲā in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. iɲa, pl. iɲa-ti 'nape of neck, hood of snake' in [Driberg 1931: 166]. Cf. sg. tìɲːá, pl. tìɲːʌ̀-ìdʌ̀ 'neck' in [Odden 1983: 172]: this strange word is not confirmed in alternate sources or through external comparison. Possibly a misprint, with an "extra" t instead of the required ìɲːá?

Yigezu 2001: 379.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as iɲa, pl. iɲǝː-ti in [Lyth 1971: 22]; as inya in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. íɲːá, pl. íɲːā-ðí in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: onyi [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. ŋò, pl. ŋò-ɕìná in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 432]; as ŋōː in [Abbink 1993: 57]. Cf. Tirma ŋɔʔ in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. ŋo, pl. ŋo-čin in [Turton et al. 2008: 130]; as ŋʋ in [Bender 1971: 265]. Cf. wɔ́ʔ 'neck, nape of neck' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20] (the same word, but with the subdialectal development *ŋU > wU).

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as kʼòróŋ in [Will 1993: 70]; as koron {coròn} 'throat, larynx, esophagus', koroɲ {coròñ} 'neck' in [Ricci 1971: 293-294] (these two forms are probably variants of the same word, inaccurately split from each other); as kʼorˈɔŋ 'neck' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 379. In [Hieda 1991: 5], this word is glossed as kórùŋ 'throat', whereas the meaning 'neck' is correlated with the word bòl-ù (pl. bòl-àn). It is possible that Kwegu, like many other languages, distinguishes between 'front part of neck, throat' and 'back part of neck, nape', but we would have to wait for a more detailed dictionary to ascertain that. In [Bender 1971: 266], the meaning 'neck' is glossed as bɔ́ːlù.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. ŋɔɗ-ɔ, pl. ŋɔɗ-eː ~ ŋɔɗ-ɔ-kir in [Bender 1983: 126]; as ŋoɗe in [Cerulli 1948: 157].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Differently in [Tucker 1951: 113]: ŋāɲá bùnːā (idiomatic expression, probably meaning 'not (yet) good', cf. 'good').

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as ŋeʓu-k, pl. ŋeʓu-k-wa in [Driberg 1931: 179]. The word is most likely a Nilotic borrowing (cf. Proto-Lotuko-Maa *ŋeʓuk 'new').

Yigezu 2001: 379. The word is most likely a Nilotic borrowing (cf. Proto-Lotuko-Maa *ŋeʓuk 'new').

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as ɕola-i, pl. ɕola-ik in [Lyth 1971: 11]; as ɕɔla-k in [Bender 1971: 280]. Same word as 'green' q.v.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as áādís in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Transparent borrowing from Ethiosemitic (Amharic addis, etc.).

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as ɕàːg-í, with polysemy: 'greenish / bluish / new' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 427]; as ɕāːgī 'new, fresh, wet' in [Abbink 1993: 44]. Cf. Tirma ɕag-a 'new' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 379. In [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20], 'new' is listed as ʔàːdı́sːì (an Ethiosemitic borrowing). In [Bender 1971: 265], the word 'new' is glossed as ŋàŋà=ɕágìː, which most likely means 'not new' (see notes on 'not').

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as ɕákʼì in [Will 1993: 63]; as ɕaʔi in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. 'green'.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Probably quoted as hàːlì, pl. hàːl-àn in [Hieda 1991: 53], although this could also be a different word. Totally different equivalent in [Bender 1971: 266]: kànìkʼúːlà.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Possibly related to tɔ́ːn 'child' [Yigezu 2001: 362], particularly since Bender glosses the word tɔːn as 'child; new' [Bender 1983: 115] (however, only toːn 'son' is glossed in [Cerulli 1948: 159]).

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as ɓāl in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. báːl-ı̀n, pl. bʌ̀ːlìɲ-òːk in [Odden 1983: 172]; as sg. bal-in, pl. bal-ok in [Driberg 1931: 163].

Yigezu 2001: 379.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. baːl, pl. baːl-in-ok in [Lyth 1971: 4]; as ɓal-iːn in [Bender 1971: 280]. Cf. also ʓǝːt, pl. ʓǝːt-in-ok 'night' in [Lyth 1971: 23].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Cf. Zilmamu: bal-n [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Differently in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 426]: bàró 'night', confirmed in [Abbink 1993: 42] as báːrɔ̄ id.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Cf. the adverbial form barɔ 'at night' [Turton et al. 2008: 28]; the same form is simply glossed as bàró 'night' in [Bender 1971: 265]. Cf. ɗáinò 'night' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as bár in [Will 1993: 76]; as bar-kˈeŋʔ in [Bender 1971: 266]. In [Ricci 1971: 319], the word fa-č {fàč} is glossed as 'evening, night' (cf. also fač-i 'twilight', fačːi-day 'to be night'). The word bara {bàra}, corresponding to Yigezu's and Will's bar, is glossed as 'dawn' [Ricci 1971: 249], or, with a long vowel, is also quoted as baːra {baàra} 'morning' [Ricci 1971: 241]. This is probably a dialectal difference.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as míkìr in [Hieda 1991: 51]; as ɲìkírì in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as kaːy, pl. kaːy-etun in [Bender 1983: 126].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. ūŋwê-ɕ, pl. ùŋwēː-tīʔ in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. ʋ̀ŋı̀-ɕ, pl. ʋ̀ŋı̀ in [Odden 1983: 170]; as sg. uŋˈe-ɕ, pl. uŋwˈe in [Driberg 1931: 178].

Yigezu 2001: 379.

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. oŋe-ɕ, pl. oŋɛ in [Lyth 1971: 45]; as oŋeː-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. ūŋːé, pl. ūŋːē-ðí in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: oŋi-ɕ [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as gírɔ̂ŋ, pl. gīrɔ̄ŋ-í 'nose' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 428]; cf. also the derived form gírŋ-áí 'nostril' [ibid.]. Quoted as gíróŋ in [Abbink 1993: 48]. Cf. Tirma gırɔː in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. giroŋ, pl. giroŋ-i in [Turton et al. 2008: 73]; as gǝ̀ró in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]; as gìrɔ̀ŋ in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as giran {giràn} 'nose' in [Ricci 1971: 332]; cf. also girg-eč {girgèč} 'nostrils' [ibid.]. Quoted as Tishena gíròŋ vs. Bodi gírɔ̀ŋ in [Will 1991: 105]; as girˈɔŋ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. ʓúrùŋ, pl. ʓúrùŋ-àn in [Hieda 1991: 5]; as ʓúrùy in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic gʸūúrò in [Hieda 1990: 100].

Yigezu 2001: 379. Quoted as sg. ɛŋɛ-n, pl. ɛŋɛ-a ~ ɛŋɛ-tun in [Bender 1983: 126]; as eŋe-n in [Cerulli 1948: 152].

Not attested.

Odden 1983: 159. This is a short negation particle employed for verbs in the past tense, e. g. ŋàː xú=tːùɣùrr-òówà "we haven't yet cooked", etc.; it is quoted as ŋa and called a marker of the "'not yet' tense" in [Driberg 1931: 146]. In the present tense forms, more complex formations are used, but they all seem to be formed from contractions of the same particle ŋàː with preceding stems (possibly of an adverbial nature): xɔ̀lɔ́=ŋ "not (present progressive)" [Odden 1983: 162] = kolo=ŋa "negative aorist" [Driberg 1931: 146]; xı̀llı́-ŋ "won't (incompl.)" [Odden 1983: 162]. Because of this, we postulate the short element ŋàː as the most basic and fundamental negative morpheme in Didinga. It is also quite distinct from the prohibitive mà [Odden 1983: 160].

Randal 1998: 248. This is the basic negative particle for perfective clauses. Not attested in [Yigezu: 2001].

Lyth Gr. 1971: 33. Negative adverb, prepositioned to the verb. Cf. also eŋan, a special negative that, according to Lyth, is "used with the future tense to give the sense 'not yet' or 'before' and refers to the future" [ibid.].

Dimmendaal 1998: 70. Described as a "pre-verbal negation marker".

Last & Lucassen 1998: 418.

Turton & Bender 1976: 557. Prepositional verbal particle. The perfective equivalent is ŋa-ni 'not yet'.

Will 1989: 147. Postpositional verbal affix. In [Ricci 1971: 185-186], the affix is listed as having several variants: the most frequent one is simply glossed as =o, with =yo, =on, =yon, and =(y)oŋi completing the picture. The currently most likely analysis is that =o is a truncated variant of =oŋ(i), rather than vice versa.

Hieda 1998: 368. Postpositional verbal suffix; cf. a=mat=i=ken 'I do not drink', etc.

Unseth 1989: 119. Described as a verb root ("negative verb"), always occupying sentence-initial position. Quoted as ku= ~ kwa= in [Cerulli 1948: 143].

Randal 1998: 248. This is the basic negative particle for imperfective clauses.

Hieda 1998: 368. This is a special negative verb, cf. a=ma-i mat-en 'I do not drink'. The difference between =ken and ma is not discussed in the source; we have to treat both morphemes as technical synonyms for the moment.

Yigezu 2001: 380. Quoted as ɕ=óɗó-ìʔ in [Tucker 1951: 113] (with an additional relational prefix).

Yigezu 2001: 380. Quoted as χ=od-e ~ χ=od-oi in [Driberg 1931: 179].

Yigezu 2001: 380.

Yigezu 2001: 380. With an additional relational prefix, quoted as ɕ=odo-i 'one' in [Lyth Gr. 1971: 14]. Cf. also the verbal stem doɛ 'to be one' in [Lyth 1971: 15]. Quoted as ādū-ī ~ ɕ=óɗó-ì in [Tucker 1951: 113]; as adoi in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Quoted as óːɗē in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal: 293].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Quoted as ɗòːnè in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 404]; as ɗōnēː in [Abbink 1993: 46]. Cf. Tirma ɗɔne in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Quoted as ɗɔ-ne in [Turton et al. 2008: 57]; as ɗòː-nè in [Bender 1971: 265]. Cf. bǝ́rǝ̀nè 'one' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20] (a form that is not confirmed in any other sources). Cf. also the alternate form kɔn 'one' [Turton et al. 2008: 103].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Quoted as kɔn ~ kɔn-aŋ in [Will 1989: 139]; as kona {còna} in [Ricci 1971: 155]; as kon-ˈaŋ ~ kʷon-ˈaŋ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Quoted as kíùm in [Hieda 1991: 46]; as kʸímàːn in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic ɕēém-àn [Hieda 1990: 102].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Quoted as umu-ŋ in [Cerulli 1948: 151].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Plural form: èːtːà 'people' [ibid.].

Yigezu 2001: 380; Odden 1983: 169. Plural form: éːtːà 'people' [ibid.]. Quoted as ɛt, pl. et-a 'man, person' in [Driberg 1931: 165]. Same word as 'man' q.v.

Yigezu 2001: 380. Suppletive plural: ɔ́l 'people' [ibid.].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Quoted as et 'man, person, husband' in [Lyth 1971: 18], with suppletivism: ɔl 'people'. Quoted as ēt-ìʔ (with a different suppletive plural: gɛ̀rʔ) 'man' in [Tucker 1951: 111]; as eːtʸ 'man' ('person'?) in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Plural form: èː-ðà 'people' [ibid.]. See notes on 'man' q.v. Cf. Zilmamu: e-t 'man' (= 'person'?) [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Quoted as hírí, pl. hìr-ò 'person, man' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 429]. The word zugo 'man' in Tirma [Bender 1971: 266] is really the plural form 'people', cf. Chai zugo 'people' [Abbink 1993: 64].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Suppletive plural: zūgō [ibid.]. Quoted as hiri 'person', suppl. pl. zuo 'people' in [Turton et al. 2008: 79]; as hı́rì 'man' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Suppletive plural: zùgò [ibid.]. This word is also listed as Bodi hírì-t 'husband' in [Will 1991: 109]. Differently in [Ricci 1971: 358]: mehen {mehén}, pl. mehen-it 'man (person), Mekan or Tishena'. It is noted that the word is applied to local people rather than outsiders, but the source does not list any other lexical equivalents for 'person' (the word hírí, despite having reliable external parallels, is not attested). The same word is listed with the meaning 'man' ('person'?) as mɛʔn ~ mɛʔɛn in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Plural: wùr-àn 'people' [ibid.]. Quoted as hùr, pl. hùr-àn in [Hieda 1991: 40]; as huːr 'man' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 380. Same word as 'man' q.v. Quoted as idit in [Bender 1983: 127]. Plural form: ǯòːp [Yigezu 2001: 380], quoted as ʓoːp ~ ʓoːf in [Bender 1983: 116, 127]. Curiously, the equivalent for 'person' in [Cerulli 1948: 155] is glossed as ʓoː. It is unclear if the author simply mistook the suppletive plural form for the singulative, or if in the described dialect the same root was indeed used for both numbers.

Yigezu 2001: 381. Quoted as támù in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 381. Quoted as tàmù, pl. tàmːw-ɛ̀ːtà in [Odden 1983: 172]; as tamu in [Driberg 1931: 176].

Yigezu 2001: 381.

Yigezu 2001: 381. Quoted as tǝmu, pl. tǝmu-ɲa in [Lyth 1971: 50], with polysemy: 'rain / sky / God / luck'; as támù 'rain' in [Tucker 1951: 111]; as tǝmŭ in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 381. Quoted as tāmːū, with polysemy: 'rain / sky' in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal: 314]. Cf. Zilmamu: ʓin 'rain' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 381. Quoted as sg. gū-yō, pl. gù-sìò in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 429]; as gʷūyɔ̄ in [Abbink 1993: 49]. Cf. Tirma gu-ðɔ in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 381. Quoted as gwioʔ in [Turton et al. 2008: 76]; as gú-iò in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]; as gw-ìyɔ̀ in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 381. Quoted as tuma {tùma}, with polysemy: 'sky / God / cloud / rain', in [Ricci 1971: 404]. Quoted as Tishena túm-à vs. Bodi túm-ɔ̀ in [Will 1991: 106]; as tum-ˈɔ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 381; Hieda 1991: 49. Quoted as gwɔt in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 381. Quoted as túl in [Bender 1983: 115]; as tul in [Cerulli 1948: 158].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as mérí-k in [Stirtz 2011: 19]; as mǟrī-t in [Tucker 1951: 113].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as mari-ki, pl. mari-ki-k in [Driberg 1931: 179].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as mʌ́rí-k (pl. form) in [Randal 1998: 225].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as meri, pl. meri-k in [Lyth 1971: 35]; as mērī in [Tucker 1951: 113]; as meriː-k in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as mārgı́ 'red, orange' in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal: 296]. Cf. Zilmamu bire 'red' in [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as sg. gòlèɲ-í, pl. gòlèɲ-á 'reddish' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 428]; as gōlōɲī 'red (cattle colour)' in [Abbink 1993: 48]. Cf. Tirma gɔlɛɲ-i 'red' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as goloɲ-i in [Turton et al. 2008: 74]; as gòdáiɲ in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20] (strange form, possibly = *golaɲi?); as gɔ̀lɔ̀ny-ì in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as golaɲ-i {gòlañi} in [Ricci 1971: 327]; as golˈoɲ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as ɕʼáɕʼè-gù in [Hieda 1991: 48]; as ɕàɕù-kó in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as deːŋ in [Bender 1983: 117] and in [Cerulli 1948: 153].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as gōːl 'path' in [Stirtz 2011: 85]; as sg. gɔ̄làʔ ~ gōlīá, pl. gōl-ōk 'road' in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as gɔ̀ːlà ~ gɔ̀ːlʌ̀ (the second variant, violating vowel harmony, is probably a misprint), pl. gòːlː-yòːk in [Odden 1983: 149, 172]; as gol, pl. gˈoːl-oːk in [Driberg 1931: 166].

Yigezu 2001: 382.

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as gɔl, pl. gol-ok 'path, road' in [Lyth 1971: 20]; as gɔːl 'road' in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as gāŋgū 'path' [Yigezu & Dimmendaal: 314]. Differently in Zilmamu: giluːn 'road' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 382. The word is quoted as a plural form (gàŋgó) in [Last & Lucassen 1998], but the general word for 'road' is listed there as sg. gɔ́r-ɔ̀, pl. gɔ̀r-éná [ibid.]. Both forms also listed in [Abbink 1993: 48]: gáŋgū 'way, road', gɔ̄rɔ̄ʔ 'path, road'. Since both words have external parallels with the same semantics, and the differentiation of their functions in Suri remains obscure, we treat them as technical synonyms. An additional synonym is kóbwí 'road' [Last & Lucassen 1998: 430]. Cf. Tirma gɔngu 'road' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as gɔrɔ, pl. gor-i 'road, way, path' in [Turton et al. 2008: 74]; as górò 'road' in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]; as gɔ̀rò 'road' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as gɔrɔ in [Will 1989: 136]; as goro {gorò} 'street, road' in [Ricci 1971: 331]; as gʷorˈo 'road' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as gúàr in [Hieda 1991: 34]; as gùːwár in [Bender 1971: 266]. Cf. Yidenic gwār [Hieda 1990: 99].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as gopa-n ~ gofa-n, pl. gopa-k 'path' in [Bender 1983: 115, 116, 124]; as gofa-n ~ guβa-n 'road' in [Cerulli 1948: 154].

Last & Lucassen 1998.

Yigezu 2001: 382.

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as sg. ɕùrːéːn-ì, pl. ɕʋ̀rːɛ́n-à in [Odden 1983: 173]; as sg. ɕorˈeːn-it, pl. ɕorˈê-na in [Driberg 1931: 164].

Yigezu 2001: 382.

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as sg. agɛr-naːt, pl. agɛr-ɔ, with polysemy: 'root / medicine / poison / artery' in [Lyth 1971: 1]; as agɛr-nat in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Singulative form; the collective form sı́ndá is listed in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal: 314].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as sg. síndá, pl. sìndá-ɲá in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 432]; as síndā-y in [Abbink 1993: 60]. Cf. Tirma ɕıroi 'root' in [Bender 1971: 265] (marked with a question mark, so probably dubious even to the author himself).

Yigezu 2001: 382. Cf. sg. kirimog-i, pl. kirimog-a 'root' in [Turton et al. 2008: 99]; the same word is listed as kìrìnóg-ì in [Bender 1971: 265]. Differently in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]: kɔ́mì 'root'.

Yigezu 2001: 382. Cf. kúrò 'root' in [Will 1993: 70]; ibatek {ibatéc} in [Ricci 1971: 208]; kirimˈo-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 382. Quoted as gìmè-ì in [Hieda 1991: 12]. Cf. kìrìndó 'root' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 382.

Not attested.

Not attested.

Not attested.

Lyth 1971: 20. Plural form: gudgud-ik. Not attested in Yigezu's materials. Cf. also leyai 'to be circular' in [Lyth 1971: 31].

Not attested.

Last & Lucassen 1998: 428. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001]. Additionally, cf. also úkːúr-né 'round' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 434]; kūlūgūl 'round' in [Abbink 1993: 54].

Turton et al. 2008: 107. Meaning glossed as 'round, circle'. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001]. Somewhat dubious due to the general unreliability of the source.

Ricci 1971: 278 {cummulì}. Only attested in this early source, therefore, inclusion is dubious.

Not attested.

Not attested.

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as kāðā-t in [Tucker 1951: 111].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as sg. xàðáː-ɕ, pl. xʌ̀ðʌ̀ː-ɕː-wʌ̀ in [Odden 1983: 171]; as sg. kaða-ɕ, pl. kaða-ɕ-wa in [Driberg 1931: 167].

Yigezu 2001: 383.

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as sg. kaða-ɕoɕ, pl. kaða-ɕ in [Lyth 1971: 24]; as kaðaː-ɕ in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as sg. kásːá-ʓí, pl. kásːá in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal: 315].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as sg. kásà-í, pl. kāsā-nā in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 430]; as kásāy in [Abbink 1993: 52]. Cf. Tirma kɛsaːy in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as kasa-i in [Turton et al. 2008: 96]; as kásài in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]; as kä́θái in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 383. In [Ricci 1971: 247], the meaning 'sand' is translated as an idiomatic expression: bena de titida {béna de tìtida}, where the first part is the plural of 'stone' q.v. and the second part is unclear. Quoted as Tishena šègá (sic!) vs. Bodi šèbá in [Will 1991: 107]; as šegˈa in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as híáɕʼè in [Hieda 1991: 51]; as kìáːɕù in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as keːwe in [Bender 1983: 126].

Yigezu 2001: 383.

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as duɕa (1st p. pres. ka=duɣ-a) 'to say, tell' in [Driberg 1931: 158].

Yigezu 2001: 383.

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as du-a (3rd p. sg. a=du-a), with polysemy: 'to tell / order / say' in [Lyth 1971: 16]. Cf. also i=ði (3rd p. sg. a=ði) 'to say' (intr.) in [Lyth 1971: 21]; ðɔːs 'say' in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as īyːé in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 315]. Differently in Zilmamu: kɛdɛm 'say' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as yōk ~ yɔ̄k (imperfective stem) in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 434].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as yug-o 'speak' in [Turton et al. 2008: 179], but also translated as 'say' in such examples as "who said so?" and "this person said so yesterday".

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as se-waɲe in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Dubious; in [Hieda 1991: 40] the meaning 'say, tell' is rendered by the equivalent à=kíyáʓ-ìyàː (1st p. sg. aorist).

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as ton- in [Bender 1983: 117]; cf. also past tense toːn-u, verbal noun tóːn-i in [Bender 1983: 119]. Quoted as ton- in [Cerulli 1948: 159].

Last & Lucassen 1998: 432. Meaning glossed as 'say; call; 3sg form often used to quote or to report'. Precise difference from yǒg-ó unclear. Cf. séyá 'to say' in [Abbink 1993: 60]. Cf. Tirma wa=sɛyu 'say' in [Bender 1971: 265] (wa= is probably an aspectual particle here, as described for Chai in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 383-384]).

Turton et al. 2008: 147. Same root is most likely represented in sé-kéː 'say' in [Bender 1971: 265]. Not attested in [Yigezu 2001], but confirmed externally with attestation in Suri. Precise difference from yòg-ò unclear.

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as =ɕın- in [Stirtz 2011: 40].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as ɕin (1st p. sg. pres. ka=ɕin-i) in [Driberg 1931: 158]; as =žı́n- ~ =žínː- ~ =žìn- in [Odden 1983: 154].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as k=à=ɕı́n- 'I see' in [Randal 1998: 228].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as ɕin (3rd p. sg. a=ɕin) in [Lyth 1971: 10]; as ɕʸın in [Bender 1971: 280].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Different word listed in [Yigezu & Dimmendaal 1998: 315]: iʓːe 'see, look' (probably = 'to look' rather than 'to see'). Differently in Zilmamu: šoríyo 'see' [Bender 1971: 267].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as gūɲ (imperf. stem) in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 429]; as gūɲ-īɛ́y 'to see' in [Abbink 1993: 49]. Cf. also a different synonym: ɔ̄r (imperf. stem), ār (perf. stem) 'see' in [Last & Lucassen 1998: 432]; árːà in [Abbink 1993: 41]. Cf. Tirma aruʔ 'see' in [Bender 1971: 265].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as guɲɔ 'look, see' in [Turton et al. 2008: 75]; as gúnyò in [Siebert & Caudwell 2002: 20]. Cf. also arːa 'see' in [Turton et al. 2008: 25], quoted as árːɛ́ in [Bender 1971: 265] (this is possibly the suppletive perfective stem).

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as mòy in [Will 1993: 66]. Cf. or 'see' in [Will 1989: 132]; ar- in [Bender 1971: 266]. In [Ricci 1971: 292], the polysemy 'to appear / to see' is glossed as k=ori-day {còriday}, with a verbal prefix k= as opposed to ori-day, glossed as 'to appreciate; to visit' [Ricci 1971: 233]; semantic accuracy of all these forms is questionable.

Yigezu 2001: 383. Dubious; in [Hieda 1991: 8], the 1st p. sg. perf. form à=tóì-yàː is glossed as 'to look' rather than 'to see'. The 1st p. perf. form for 'to see' is listed as à=géì-yàː [ibid.]. Cf. also gaːwi-ya 'see' in [Bender 1971: 266].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as dɛn (imperative and past tense), dɛn-ɛ (verbal noun) in [Bender 1983: 119]; as deːn in [Cerulli 1948: 153].

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as kíɲómò in [Stirtz 2011: 18]; as kíɲɔ́mɔ̀ in [Tucker 1951: 111]. Rather transparent borrowing from an East Nilotic source.

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as sg. xìɲómòː-ɕ, pl. xìɲómó in [Odden 1983: 170]; as sg. kiɲˈoːmo, pl. kiɲomˈɛ-n in [Driberg 1931: 168]. Rather transparent borrowing from an East Nilotic source.

Yigezu 2001: 383. Rather transparent borrowing from an East Nilotic source.

Yigezu 2001: 383. Quoted as sg. doː-ɕ, pl. dow-ɛn in [Lyth 1971: 16]. The word kebere-ɕ 'eye' q.v. is also listed in [Lyth 1971: 25] with the meaning 'seed'. Different equivalent in [Bender 1971: 280]: lǝbiː-tot (this seems to be derived from the Common Surmic word for 'sorghum', cf. further data on Mursi and Kwegu).