Thelwall 1981a: 100. Quoted as kudduk in [Thelwall 1981b: 175] and as kiɗaɲ (sic!) in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]. Quoted as kǝɗay 'all', kǝɗay-ge 'whole, all of something' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 15].
Sila:saɗa3
Thelwall 1981a: 100. A different equivalent in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]: weyiŋ 'all'. In [Thelwall 1981b: 175], both equivalents are listed as synonyms: weyiŋ vs. saɗa.
Eref:ká=máɕ #4
Palayer 2011: 172, 174. Attested in such contexts as kìŋgé ká=máɕ "all the people", wàkké ká=máɕ "all the things"; it remains somewhat unclear if this is the default equivalent for this Swadesh term, but no other candidates were detected.
Nyala:ŋadǝŋ5
Thelwall 1981a: 100; Thelwall 1981b: 175. A different equivalent in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]: wei 'all'.
Lagowa:ŋaːdiŋ5
Thelwall 1981a: 100; Thelwall 1981b: 175.
Nyalgulgule:ɲadik5
Thelwall 1981a: 100, 177.
NUMBER:2
WORD:ashes
Logorik:kukuː-s1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Quoted as kukus in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 16].
Caning:us-kuɕ1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 133; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Plural: us-kuʓ-iɲ. Quoted as us-kiɕ, pl. us-kuɕ-iɲ in [Alfira et al. 2013: 26].
Sila:usu-guɕ-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 133; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Cf. us-uk-tiɕ-e 'dust' in [Thelwall 1981b: 176]. Differently in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 147]: sg. tuluŋgi-ɕe, pl. tuluŋgi-ge.
Eref:ús-kìɕ-é1
Palayer 2011: 53. Formally a singulative form from ús-ké 'earth' q.v.
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 133; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Quoted as us-ku-ɕɕe in [Ismail 2000: 88].
Nyalgulgule:os-kuč-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 177.
NUMBER:3
WORD:bark
Logorik:kuɓud-u1
Thelwall 1981a: 100; Thelwall 1981b: 175. A completely different equivalent is listed in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]: ɲibis 'bark'.
Caning:kuɓund-wiɕ1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 133; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Plural: kuɓund-u. Quoted as kubund-iɕ, pl. kubund-u in [Alfira et al. 2013: 16]; cf. also kubund-u-wiɕ 'peel of fruit', pl. kubund-u [ibid.].
Sila:siː-ge2
Thelwall 1981a: 100, 133. Plural form; the singulative is si-te.
Eref:kòkòr-gé #3
Palayer 2011: 45. French meaning glossed as 'écorces' (pl.). Somewhat dubious (the word appears only once in the entire volume).
Nyala:
Not attested.
Lagowa:kabwind-iɕe1
Thelwall 1981a: 100, 133; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Singular form; the plural is kabwind-uge. Quoted as kaɓɓund-iɕɕe in [Ismail 2000: 37].
Nyalgulgule:kabund-iče1
Thelwall 1981a: 100, 177.
NUMBER:4
WORD:belly
Logorik:ɓileːk-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 100; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Quoted as ɓilek in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]; as ɓilek-e, pl. ɓilek-u in [Thelwall 1981a: 134].
Caning:ɓileːk1
Thelwall 1981a: 100, 134; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Plural: ɓileːg-iɲ. Quoted as ɓilek in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]. Quoted as baleg 'belly, stomach' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 10], where the word is also differentiated from kutu-n-wan, pl. kutu-g-wan 'abdomen, belly' [Alfira et al. 2013: 17].
Sila:butuːr-e2
Thelwall 1981a: 100, 134; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Quoted as ɓutuːr-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]. Plural: butul-ge. Quoted as sg. butuːr-e, pl. butul-ge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 147].
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 134; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Plural: šǝm-eː-kan. Quoted as sg. šam-e, pl. šam-e-ke in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 147].
Lagowa:šim-ǝ-3
Thelwall 1981a: 100, 134. Quoted as šǝm-ei in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]; as šim- in [Thelwall 1981b: 175]; as šim-e, pl. šim-ke 'stomach' in [Ismail 2000: 40, 62]. Plural: šim-eː-ke.
Nyalgulgule:sim-e3
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 134, 177.
NUMBER:5
WORD:big
Logorik:ɓikke1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Quoted as sg. ɓikke, pl. ɓikk-ǝɲ in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 18]; as ɓike 'big, old' in [Mubarak 2013: 460].
Caning:ŋon-de2
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Quoted as ŋon-de, pl. ŋon-iɲ 'big, important' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 21]. Cf. also apaŋga 'big' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 9].
Palayer 2011: 53. Singulative: tám-kìɕé 'drop of blood'.
Nyala:tam-aːke1
Thelwall 1981a: 100, 135; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Quoted as tam-ake in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]; as tamm-ake in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Lagowa:tam-ake1
Thelwall 1981a: 100, 135; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Quoted as tam-ǝke in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]; as tamm-ikke in [Ismail 2000: 39].
Nyalgulgule:tom-oče1
Thelwall 1981a: 177. Quoted as tom-če in [Thelwall 1981a: 93, 135].
NUMBER:10
WORD:bone
Logorik:ŋoŋŋi-s1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Quoted as sg. ŋoŋŋi-s, pl. ŋoŋŋi in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 15].
Caning:ŋa-ɕ1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Also ŋai-ɕ id. [Thelwall 1981a: 135]. Plural: ŋai ~ ŋa-ʓ-u [ibid.]. Quoted as ŋe-ɕ, pl. ŋay in [Alfira et al. 2013: 20].
Sila:korgom-ne2
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Plural: korgom-ge. Quoted as sg. gorgom-ne, pl. gorgomne-ge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Eref:ŋàyú-ɕɕé1
Palayer 2011: 67.
Nyala:ŋayu-ɕe1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 135; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Plural: ŋayu-ge. Quoted as sg. ŋaːyo-ɕe, pl. ŋaːyo-ge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Lagowa:ŋaiw-iɕe1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 135; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Plural: ŋayu-ge. Quoted as ŋayug-uɕɕe ~ ŋayuk-iɕɕe, pl. ŋayu-ke in [Ismail 2000: 38, 70].
Nyalgulgule:ɲew-iče1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 135, 177.
NUMBER:11
WORD:breast
Logorik:
Not attested. Cf. kiɗiːge 'female breast' in [Thelwall 1981a: 100]; quoted as kiɗige in [Thelwall 1981a: 93] and as sg. kiɗi-ɕe, pl. kiɗiː-ge in [Thelwall 1981a: 136].
Caning:awa-giɕ #1
Alfira et al. 2013: 10. Not attested in Thelwall's materials. Cf. kidi 'female breast' in [Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100].
Sila:ɕirm-e #2
Jungraithmayr 1978: 148. Plural: ɕirme-ɕiŋge. Not attested in any of Thelwall's publications. Cf. ɲidi-ɕe, pl. ɲidi-ge 'female breast' in [Thelwall 1981a: 100, 136].
Jungraithmayr 1978: 148. Plural: ɕumur-ta-ge. Not attested in any of Thelwall's publications. Cf. ɲidi-ge 'female breast' in [Thelwall 1981a: 100].
Lagowa:ɕimer-e #2
Ismail 2000: 66. Plural: ɕimer-take. Not attested in any of Thelwall's publications. Cf. ɲidi-ɕe 'female breast' in [Thelwall 1981a: 100].
Nyalgulgule:
Not attested. Cf. ɲidi 'female breast' in [Thelwall 1981a: 100, 177].
NUMBER:12
WORD:burn tr.
Logorik:a=ɓuxu1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100; Thelwall 1981b: 176. The form tuɲ- 'to burn' is also listed as existing in Logorik in the etymological wordlist in [Thelwall 1981a: 136], but is not listed in the actual Swadesh wordlists. Cf. boh-e 'to burn', ka=box-ni 'I burnt myself' in [Alamin 2013: 459].
Caning:tuɲ-it2
Thelwall 1981a: 100. Quoted simply as tuɲ in [Thelwall 1981a: 93] and as duɲ in [Thelwall 1981b: 176].
Sila:tuɲ-us2
Thelwall 1981a: 100. Differently in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]: kisi 'burn'.
Eref:ɗub3
Palayer 2011: 106. Textual example on p. 173 shows that the verb is used in a transitive function ('burn and kill the inhabitants of the village').
Nyala:a=tuɲ2
Thelwall 1981a: 100. Quoted as tuɲ-u in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]; in root form as tuɲ- in [Thelwall 1981b: 176].
Lagowa:tor-o4
Thelwall 1981a: 100. Quoted as tor-a in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]; as tor-o in [Thelwall 1981b: 176].
Nyalgulgule:u=tuɲ-o2
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 177. Quoted as u=tuɲ-u in [Thelwall 1981a: 100].
NUMBER:13
WORD:claw(nail)
Logorik:a=ɲux-kaŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 100, 138. Glossed as 'claw' on p. 100. but as 'claw, nail' on p. 138. A completely different equivalent is found in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]: pxexne 'claw'.
Caning:ɲix1
Thelwall 1981a: 100. Glossed as 'claw'; cf. the extended form ɲix-tǝ-andwan, literally 'nail-of-hand', in [Thelwall 1981b: 176], and, additionally, ɲix-kǝŋga 'nail' in [Thelwall 1981a: 138]. This last compound form most likely corresponds to ɲǝx-tǝ exene, pl. ɲǝx-tǝ-ŋgǝ exeŋga 'finger, toe nail' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 21] (the second part of this idiomatic expression is 'foot, leg' q.v., but, surprisingly, the same form is glossed as both 'finger-' and 'toe-nail'). A completely different equivalent is found in [Thelwall 1981a: 93]: andawat 'claw' (a derivate of 'hand' q.v.?).
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 138; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Plural: ɲuːr-ke (unless a misprint for *ɲuru-ke). Quoted as ɲuru-ɕɕe 'claw' in [Ismail 2000: 47]; as ɲur-iɕɕe, pl. ɲur-ke 'claw' in [Ismail 2000: 73]. Cf. also ol-e, pl. ol-inɕe 'claw' in [Ismail 2000: 82]; win-iɕɕe, pl. win-iɕɕ-inɕe 'claw' in [Ismail 2000: 83].
Nyalgulgule:ɲur-te1
Thelwall 1981a: 93, 100, 177. Glossed as 'claw'.
NUMBER:14
WORD:cloud
Logorik:tiːwi-t1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Quoted as sg. tiwi-t, pl. tiwi-ni in [Thelwall 1981a: 138].
Caning:timgaːru2
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 176. This seems to be the plural form, also quoted as timgaru with a short vowel in [Thelwall 1981a: 138] and in the singular as timgarw-eɕ ibid. Quoted as sg. timiŋgarw-eɕ, pl. timiŋgaru in [Alfira et al. 2013: 26].
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Quoted as kǝrkǝr in [Thelwall 1981a: 138].
Lagowa:krkǝʔǝr3
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Quoted as kǝrkǝr in [Thelwall 1981a: 138].
Nyalgulgule:kirekir3
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 177.
NUMBER:16
WORD:come
Logorik:ɓoŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Suppletive imperative forms in [Alamin 2013: 457]: sg. ɓoŋ, pl. nun-en.
Caning:bo1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 176. The complete paradigm, given in [Alfira et al. 2013: 27], is suppletive: imperative bo, but imperfective wun-oduŋ, perfective ka=wuŋ. An additional synonym is found in [Alfira et al. 2013: 22]: imperfective pǝkǝdǝŋ, imperative pǝtǝŋ, perfective kǝ=pǝtǝŋ.
Sila:ɓou1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Imperative form. Quoted as ɓo- in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Eref:ɓo1
Palayer 2011: 152. Imperative form.
Nyala:boŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 101. Quoted as bo in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; as ɓoŋ in [Thelwall 1981a: 138; Thelwall 1981b: 176]. Imperative form. Quoted as bo(n)- in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 177. Cf. also a=win-din ~ ku=wun 'to come' in [Thelwall 1981a: 180]: this form is quoted from an earlier work by S. Santandrea and seems to confirm the presence of the suppletive stem *=wun- ~ *=win- in Nyalgulgule as well.
NUMBER:16
WORD:come
Logorik:wun-2
Thelwall 1981a: 138. Suppletive (imperfective) stem. The perfective stem kun- [Alamin 2013: 457] looks like a contraction from *ka=wun-, where ka= is the productive perfective marker.
Thelwall 1981a: 101. Quoted as ǝxse in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; as ǝxs in [Thelwall 1981b: 176].
Caning:k=ǝxsǝ1
Thelwall 1981a: 101. Quoted as ǝxsiɕ in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; as =ǝxsǝ in [Thelwall 1981b: 176]. Quoted as ǝxse in [Alfira et al. 2013: 10]; cf. xǝs 'death' [Alfira et al. 2013: 28].
Sila:k=irs-i1
Thelwall 1981a: 101. Quoted as n=irh-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; in root form, as =irs- in [Thelwall 1981a: 139]; as =irs-i in [Thelwall 1981b: 176].
Eref:irs1
Palayer 2011: 161.
Nyala:k=rs-a1
Thelwall 1981a: 101. Quoted as ǝrs-a in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; in root form, as =ǝrs- in [Thelwall 1981a: 139]; as =rs-a in [Thelwall 1981b: 176].
Lagowa:k=rs-a1
Thelwall 1981a: 101. Quoted as ap=ǝrs-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; in root form, as =ǝrs- in [Thelwall 1981a: 139]; as =rs-a in [Thelwall 1981b: 176].
Nyalgulgule:k=ers-iŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 177. Cf. k=irs-a 'to die' in [Thelwall 1981a: 180] (an alternate transcription from an earlier work by S. Santandrea).
NUMBER:18
WORD:dog
Logorik:iːs1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 140; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Plural: iːs-ǝ. Quoted as is in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 13].
Caning:iːs1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 140; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Plural: iːs-u. Quoted as is, pl. is-u in [Alfira et al. 2013: 15].
Sila:iːs-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 140; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Plural: iːs-i-ge. Quoted as sg. iːs-e, pl. iːs-iŋge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Eref:ìːs-é1
Palayer 2011: 49. Plural: ís-ì-gé.
Nyala:iːs-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 101, 140; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Plural: iːs-ǝ-ge. Quoted as iːs in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; as sg. iːs-e, pl. iːs-i-ŋge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Lagowa:iːs-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 140; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Plural: iːs-ǝ-ge. Quoted as iz-e, pl. iz-i-ge in [Ismail 2000: 40, 43].
Nyalgulgule:is-eː1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 140, 177.
NUMBER:19
WORD:drink
Logorik:a=wuxi1
Thelwall 1981a: 101; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Quoted as uːxi in [Thelwall 1981a: 94], as wux- in [Thelwall 1981a: 140].
Caning:a=wuxi1
Thelwall 1981a: 101; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Quoted as uːx in [Thelwall 1981a: 94], as wux- in [Thelwall 1981a: 140]; as imperfective wuxi, imperative wux-si, perfective ka=wux-si in [Alfira et al. 2013: 27].
Sila:wur1
Thelwall 1981a: 101, 140; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Quoted as wur-a in [Thelwall 1981a: 94].
Thelwall 1981a: 101; Thelwall 1981b: 176. Quoted as wǝr-i in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; in root form, as wur- in [Thelwall 1981a: 140]; as wur-i in [Ismail 2000: 41].
Nyalgulgule:wuri-ki1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 177.
NUMBER:20
WORD:dry
Logorik:kǝ=maːsǝs1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Perfective participle from the verb 'to dry'. Polysemy: 'dry / empty'.
Caning:ka=maːsǝ1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Perfective participle from the verb 'to dry'. The verb is quoted as mas-e (imperfective), mas-a (imperative), ka=mas-ǝ (perfective) 'dry, make dry' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 18].
Thelwall 1981a: 101, 140; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Quoted as kǝ=maːs in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; as ka=mas in [Ismail 2000: 40].
Nyalgulgule:ka=mas1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 140, 177.
NUMBER:21
WORD:ear
Logorik:une-te1
Thelwall 1981a: 101. Quoted as wunet in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; as wunett in [Thelwall 1981b: 177]. Plural: u-ge. Quoted as sg. une-t, pl. u-ggǝ in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 16].
Caning:uŋ-ge1
Thelwall 1981a: 101; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Plural form (singular form is not attested in Thelwall's notes). Quoted as wun-dwan, pl. uŋ-gwan in [Alfira et al. 2013: 27]. A completely different equivalent is listed in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]: saːgǝn 'ear'.
Sila:un-de1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 141; Thelwall 1981b: 177; Jungraithmayr 1978: 148. Plural: uŋ-de (possibly a misprint in [Thelwall 1981a], since in [Thelwall 1981b: 177] we have the more believable form uŋ-ge).
Thelwall 1981b: 177. Quoted as zǝ-g, with polysemy: 'dirt / soil / ground / land' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 28]; probably the same word is also glossed as zi-g 'soil' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 29].
Sila:usuː-ge1
Thelwall 1981a: 141; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Differently in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148]: sg. aren-ne, pl. ardi-ŋge.
Eref:ús-ké1
Palayer 2011: 53.
Nyala:sǝ-ke1
Thelwall 1981a: 141; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Quoted as ǝsǝ-ke in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Lagowa:sǝ-kke1
Thelwall 1981a: 141; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Quoted as si-kke in [Ismail 2000: 89].
Nyalgulgule:zi-ke1
Thelwall 1981a: 177.
NUMBER:23
WORD:eat
Logorik:a=zeːg1
Thelwall 1981a: 101. Quoted as azǝ in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; as azeː in [Thelwall 1981b: 177]; as si (without the prefixal vowel and, consequently, without secondary voicing of the root-initial consonant?) in [Thelwall 1981a: 141].
Caning:a=sie1
Thelwall 1981a: 101; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Quoted as sia in [Thelwall 1981a: 94], as si in [Thelwall 1981a: 141]; as imperfective siye, imperative siye, perfective ka=siy in [Alfira et al. 2013: 24].
Sila:a=sie1
Thelwall 1981a: 101. Quoted as sia in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; in root form, as si in [Thelwall 1981a: 141; Thelwall 1981b: 177; Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Eref:si1
Palayer 2011: 54. Infinitive: sìyà-ké.
Nyala:a=sie1
Thelwall 1981a: 101; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Quoted as sia in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; in root form, as si- in [Thelwall 1981a: 141; Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Lagowa:a=sie1
Thelwall 1981a: 101; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Quoted as sia in [Thelwall 1981a: 94]; in root form, as si- in [Thelwall 1981a: 141]. Quoted as siya in [Ismail 2000: 92].
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 141; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Plural: olaːge. Quoted as pl. ola-ge in [Ismail 2000: 48].
Nyalgulgule:pir kandine3
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 177.
NUMBER:25
WORD:eye
Logorik:aun1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Quoted as sg. au-ne, pl. a-ge in [Thelwall 1981a: 141]. Quoted as sg. aw-ǝn, pl. a-gg in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 16].
Caning:aun1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Plural: a-g. Quoted as sg. awun-wan, pl. a-g-wan in [Alfira et al. 2013: 10].
Sila:oŋoɲ-ʓe1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 141; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Plural: oŋoɳ-ʓ-i-ge. Quoted as sg. oŋon-ʓe, pl. oŋon-ʓ-i-ge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Eref:óŋ-1
Palayer 2011: 16. Attested in a possessive form: óŋ-nà 'my eye'.
Nyala:oŋon-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 141; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Plural: oŋoɲ-ʓe. Quoted as sg. oŋgon-e, pl. oŋgon-ʓe in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 148].
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Plural: abax. Same word as 'hair' q.v.
Caning:abax-tiɕ1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Plural: abax. Same word as 'hair' q.v. Quoted as apax-tiɕ in [Alfira et al. 2013: 9]. Additionally, cf. ndendeŋi-ɕ, pl. ndendeŋi-ɲ 'feather' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 20].
Sila:abak-tiɕe1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 145. Plural: abak-e. Same word as 'hair' q.v.
Eref:àbákkì-ɕé1
Palayer 2011: 68.
Nyala:apa-ɕe1
Thelwall 1981a: 94, 101, 145. Plural: apa-ke. Same word as 'hair' q.v.
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 142; Thelwall 1981b: 177. Quoted as sg. ask-iɕɕe, pl. as-kke in [Ismail 2000: 73].
Nyalgulgule:as-ke1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 178.
NUMBER:30
WORD:fly v.
Logorik:ba-k1
Thelwall 1981a: 143; Thelwall 1981b: 177.
Caning:saɲ2
Thelwall 1981b: 177. Quoted as imperfective san-e, imperative san-a, perfective ka=san, with polysemy: 'to fly / to jump' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 24].
Sila:bu-k1
Thelwall 1981a: 143; Thelwall 1981b: 177.
Eref:bùà-ké1
Palayer 2011: 18. Infinitive form.
Nyala:oyo3
Thelwall 1981b: 177.
Lagowa:oyo3
Thelwall 1981b: 177.
Nyalgulgule:uʔoido3
Thelwall 1981a: 178. Morphological constituency of the form is unclear, but the root is most likely the same as Nyala/Lagowa oyo.
NUMBER:31
WORD:foot
Logorik:ix1
Thelwall 1981a: 102; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: ix-gumho. Quoted as exǝ in [Thelwall 1981a: 95]; as sg. ex-ne, pl. ex-ge in [Thelwall 1981a: 147].
Caning:ex-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102. Quoted as exe-, pl. exeŋg- 'foot, leg' in [Thelwall 1981b: 179]. Quoted as exe-n-wan, pl. exe-ŋg-wan 'leg' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 13].
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 142; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: er-iɲʓe. Polysemy: 'leg / foot'. (Cf., however, a distinct form glossed for 'leg' in [Ismail 2000: 80]: ɕilar-te, pl. ɕilar-uke).
Nyalgulgule:er-ne1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 178.
NUMBER:32
WORD:full
Logorik:tǝ=bb1
Thelwall 1981b: 177. Initial tǝ= is probably the same fossilized adjectival prefix as in 'heavy', 'short', 'warm', etc. q.v. Quoted as tǝ=b in [Thelwall 1981a: 143].
Caning:ka=bǝs1
Thelwall 1981a: 143; Thelwall 1981b: 177.
Sila:ki=ɓǝs1
Thelwall 1981a: 143.
Eref:bis #1
Palayer 2011: 94. Verbal stem: 'to fill'. Lack of alternate candidates and external data suggest that the same root is used for the adjectival 'full'.
Nyala:kǝ=pǝs1
Thelwall 1981a: 143; Thelwall 1981b: 177.
Lagowa:kǝ=pǝs1
Thelwall 1981a: 143. Quoted as kǝ=pǝss in [Thelwall 1981b: 177]; as pǝze in [Ismail 2000: 51].
Nyalgulgule:
Not attested.
NUMBER:33
WORD:give
Logorik:a=ɓeŋe1
Thelwall 1981a: 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted simply as ɓeŋe in [Thelwall 1981a: 95].
Caning:tog-i2
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as imperfective toga-da, imperative togi, perfective ko=doga in [Alfira et al. 2013: 26].
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102. Imperative form. Quoted in root form as tog- in [Thelwall 1981a: 143].
Lagowa:datta5
Thelwall 1981a: 102. Differently in [Thelwall 1981a: 95]: tuwa. In [Thelwall 1981b: 178], both forms are listed as synonyms without additional details.
Nyalgulgule:tei2
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 178.
NUMBER:34
WORD:good
Logorik:loŋŋai1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178.
Caning:opoyo2
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as apo, pl. apo-ɕɕu in [Alfira et al. 2013: 9].
Sila:ɲaro3
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178.
Eref:
Not attested.
Nyala:šeːdi4
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178.
Lagowa:šagal-da5
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178.
Nyalgulgule:sigas-ta6
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 178.
NUMBER:35
WORD:green
Logorik:lassax1
Thelwall 1981b: 178. Polysemy: 'green / young / unripe'. In [Thelwall 1981a: 144], this word is listed in the column for Caning (Shatt), but this may be a technical error. Quoted as sg. lasax, pl. lasax-ǝɲ in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 19].
Caning:teɕ #-1
Alfira et al. 2013: 25. Plural: teɕ-iɲ. Not attested in Thelwall's wordlists. Most likely borrowed from Nubian (cf. Birgid teːze 'green', etc.).
Thelwall 1981a: 144. Quoted as lašǝra ~ lašiǝːr in [Thelwall 1981b: 178]; as lašara in [Ismail 2000: 40].
Nyalgulgule:
Not attested.
NUMBER:36
WORD:hair
Logorik:abax-tǝs1
Thelwall 1981b: 178. Same word as 'feather' q.v. Plural: abax. Quoted as abax-tas in [Thelwall 1981a: 145].
Caning:abax-tiɕ1
Thelwall 1981b: 178. Same word as 'feather' q.v. Plural: abax. Quoted as apax-tiɕ, pl. apax 'hair' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 9].
Sila:abak-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178; Jungraithmayr 1978: 149. Singulative: abak-tiɕe. Same word as 'feather' q.v.
Eref:ábàk-ké1
Palayer 2011: 52. Singulative: àbákk-ìɕé.
Nyala:apa-ke1
Thelwall 1981a: 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Singulative: apa-ɕe. Same word as 'feather' q.v. Quoted as pl. afa-ke in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 149].
Lagowa:abah-ke1
Thelwall 1981a: 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Singulative: abah-iɕe. Same word as 'feather' q.v. Quoted as sg. apah-iɕɕe, pl. apah-ke in [Ismail 2000: 73].
Nyalgulgule:kese #2
Thelwall 1981a: 178. In an earlier work by S. Santandrea, the word for 'hair, feather' is quoted as abak-e [Thelwall 1981a: 180]; Areson only quotes it in the meaning 'feather'.
NUMBER:37
WORD:hand
Logorik:add-1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 175. No lexical distinction between 'arm' and 'hand', but in [Thelwall 1981a: 133], the equivalent for 'hand' is listed as sg. mǝx=ɕ=add-, pl. mǝx-ɕ=addi-gumho. Plural (suppletive on the synchronic level): aɲǝx.
Caning:and-1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 175. No distinction between 'arm' and 'hand'. Plural (suppletive on the synchronic level): asǝŋg-. Quoted as and-wan in [Alfira et al. 2013: 9].
Sila:and-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 133; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Synchronically suppletive plural: asi-ŋge. In the etymological glossary [Thelwall 1981a: 133], this word is only given in the meaning 'arm', while the meaning 'hand' is glossed with a different etymon: sg. purt-e, pl. purt-iŋge. However, in both the original and the "refined" Swadesh wordlists on pp. 95 and 102, 'hand' is always glossed as and-e.
Eref:ánd-è1
Palayer 2011: 67. Meaning glossed as 'arm', but cf. also the suppletive plural ás-àŋg- 'hands' [Palayer 2011: 41].
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 133; Thelwall 1981b: 175. Plural: as-iɳʓ-. On p. 133, the simple stem is given in the meaning 'arm', and the equivalent for 'hand' is quoted as ŋas-ande. Quoted as sg. ant-e, pl. ass-inɕe in [Ismail 2000: 90].
Nyalgulgule:and-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 133, 177. Meaning glossed as 'arm'; the more precise equivalent for 'hand' is glossed as nase ande on p. 178.
NUMBER:38
WORD:head
Logorik:za1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as za-ŋ in [Thelwall 1981a: 145]. Plural: zi-g.
Caning:zu1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Plural: zǝŋg-. Quoted as zu-an in [Thelwall 1981a: 145]; as sg. zǝ-wan, pl. zǝ-ŋ-gwan in [Alfira et al. 2013: 28]. Cf. also ze, pl. zǝ-ŋe 'head; top of something' [ibid.].
Sila:iːs-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Plural: iːs-ige. Quoted as sg. is-e, pl. is-i-ŋge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 149].
Thelwall 1981a: 102, 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Plural: si-ɲg- (si-ɲʓ- in [Thelwall 1981b: 178]). Quoted as sa in [Thelwall 1981a: 95]; as s-e, pl. s-inɕe in [Ismail 2000: 82].
Nyalgulgule:se1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 145, 178.
NUMBER:39
WORD:hear
Logorik:ʓule1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178.
Caning:ndǝŋ2
Thelwall 1981a: 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as dǝŋe in [Thelwall 1981a: 95]. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Alfira et al. 2013: 14]: imperfective gataŋ, imperative diŋe, perfective kǝ=gatǝŋ.
Sila:ɕiŋa3
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178.
Eref:ɕiŋey3
Palayer 2011: 54. Infinitive: ɕíŋèy-gé.
Nyala:šue4
Thelwall 1981a: 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as a=šu in [Thelwall 1981a: 95].
Lagowa:šue4
Thelwall 1981a: 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as a=šu-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 95].
Thelwall 1981a: 102, 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Plural: eŋgǝ=mǝgax. Quoted simply as ombǝgaxsǝ in [Thelwall 1981a: 95]. Quoted as mǝgax, pl. mǝga-ɲ in [Alfira et al. 2013: 18].
Sila:koŋgos-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Plural: koŋgos-iŋge. Quoted as sg. koŋgos-e, pl. koŋgos-e-ge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 149].
Eref:kóŋgòss-è1
Palayer 2011: 49. Plural: kòngós-gè.
Nyala:koŋoks-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Plural: koŋoks-ǝge. Quoted as koŋgoks-e in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 149].
Lagowa:koŋoks-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 102, 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Plural: koŋoks-ǝge. Quoted as koŋoks in [Thelwall 1981a: 95]; as koŋoks-e, pl. koŋoks-ike in [Ismail 2000: 59].
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Plural: ya-ɲʓuge. Quoted as ya-ɕe, pl. ya-ɕike in [Ismail 2000: 91].
Nyalgulgule:ya-či-ŋge1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 178.
NUMBER:42
WORD:I
Logorik:aga1
Thelwall 1981a: 95; Thelwall 1981b: 183. Quoted as agǝ in [Thelwall 1981a: 102, 161]. Cf. paradigmatic information: independent form aggǝ, object form =aggǝ, subject form a-, possessive form =aŋ in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 17].
Caning:ag1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 183. Quoted as agǝ in [Alfira et al. 2013: 9].
Sila:aŋaŋga1
Thelwall 1981a: 102, 161. Quoted as anaŋga in [Thelwall 1981a: 95, 161; Thelwall 1981b: 183].
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102, 178. Quoted in root form as pah- in [Thelwall 1981a: 146].
NUMBER:44
WORD:knee
Logorik:sǝmd-aŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 102. Quoted as sǝmd- in [Thelwall 1981a: 95, 146; Thelwall 1981b: 178]. Plural: sǝmd-ig-.
Caning:sond-aŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 102. Quoted as soŋd- in [Thelwall 1981a: 95]; as sond- in [Thelwall 1981b: 178]; as sǝnd- in [Thelwall 1981a: 146]. Plural: sǝnd-u. Quoted as sg. sund-wan, pl. sindiŋ-iɲ in [Alfira et al. 2013: 25].
Thelwall 1981a: 103; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as yex in [Thelwall 1981a: 96], as yǝx in [Thelwall 1981a: 146]; as imperfective i=yex, imperative yex, perfective kala=yix in [Alfira et al. 2013: 15]. Cf. also an alternate synonym in [Alfira et al. 2013: 11]: bǝle-de 'to know', bǝle-te 'to know, realize'.
Sila:urs-a1
Thelwall 1981a: 103; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as wurs-o in [Thelwall 1981a: 96]; in root form as urs- in [Thelwall 1981a: 146].
Eref:urs1
Palayer 2011: 25. Infinitive: ùrs-ì-ké.
Nyala:wurs-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 103; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as wurs-a in [Thelwall 1981a: 96]; in root form as wurs- in [Thelwall 1981a: 146].
Lagowa:a=wurs-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103; quoted in root form as wurs- in [Thelwall 1981a: 146]; as wurs-e in [Thelwall 1981b: 178].
Nyalgulgule:i=wirs-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103, 178.
NUMBER:46
WORD:leaf
Logorik:un-ete1
Thelwall 1981a: 103. Quoted as un-et in [Thelwall 1981a: 96]; as un-ette in [Thelwall 1981a: 147]. Same word as 'ear' q.v.
Caning:wun-g-ett1
Thelwall 1981a: 103, 147. Plural: wung-ewe. Quoted as wunget in [Thelwall 1981a: 96]. Obviously the same word as 'ear' q.v., despite some transcriptional discrepancies (which, in the case of 'leaf', may actually be explained as the result of contraction with ett 'tree' q.v.). In [Alfira et al. 2013: 27], the equivalent for 'leaf' is given as wun-dǝ-ed, pl. wuŋ-gǝ-ewe, literally 'ear of tree'.
Sila:wuršelni2
Thelwall 1981a: 103.
Eref:èléw-kìɕé3
Palayer 2011: 53. Singulative form; the unmarked plural form of the same word is glossed as élèw-gé 'grass'.
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 148; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: tiŋgǝx. Quoted as tiŋgǝx-iɕ in [Thelwall 1981a: 103]; as tǝŋgǝx-siɕ, pl. tǝŋgǝx in [Alfira et al. 2013: 25].
Thelwall 1981a: 148; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: pabaŋ-ge. Semantic difference between yoh-e and pabaŋ-e is unclear. Quoted as papaŋ-e, pl. papaŋ-ke in [Ismail 2000: 63].
Nyalgulgule:pabaŋ-e2
Thelwall 1981a: 178. Quoted as pabaŋ in [Thelwall 1981a: 148]. Semantic difference between yog-e and pabaŋ-e is unclear.
NUMBER:52
WORD:many
Logorik:datta1
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Quoted as ɽatta in [Thelwall 1981a: 148].
Caning:maŋŋe2
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Quoted as maŋe 'many, more' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 18].
Thelwall 1981a: 103; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Quoted as iyǝ in [Thelwall 1981a: 96]. Quoted as sg. iya, pl. iya-tta in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 14].
Caning:iyǝ1
Thelwall 1981a: 103. Quoted as iya in [Thelwall 1981a: 96]; as yyǝ in [Thelwall 1981a: 148; Thelwall 1981b: 179]; as ya, pl. ya-dǝg in [Alfira et al. 2013: 28].
Thelwall 1981a: 96; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Quoted as ɗakkaŋ, pl. ɗakkaŋ-u in [Thelwall 1981a: 103, 149]. Quoted as sg. dakkaŋ, pl. dakkaŋ-u in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 15].
Caning:ɕabr2
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103, 149. Plural: ɕabr-ta. Quoted as ɕǝbur, with polysemy: 'mountain / hill / land / world' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 12].
Sila:ŋaɲ-ʓe3
Thelwall 1981a: 103, 149; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: ŋan-ge. Quoted as ŋaːɲ-ʓe in [Thelwall 1981a: 96]. Same word as 'stone' q.v.
Eref:
Not attested.
Nyala:ŋaɲ-ʓe3
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103, 149; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: ŋaɲ-ʓ-uge. Same word as 'stone' q.v.
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103, 150; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Quoted as aŋg-e, pl. aŋg-inɕe in [Ismail 2000: 82].
Nyalgulgule:aŋge1
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103, 150, 178.
NUMBER:58
WORD:neck
Logorik:am-iɕe1
Thelwall 1981a: 103. Quoted as amǝɕ- in [Thelwall 1981a: 96], as amǝɕ-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 150]; as amǝɕ, pl. amǝɕe-gumho in [Thelwall 1981b: 179]. Apparently distinguished from 'throat': sg. ŋas-e, pl. ŋas-ti-ge [Thelwall 1981a: 150] (whereas the closely related Caning shows a merger of 'neck' and 'throat').
Caning:ŋas2
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103, 150; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: ŋas-tǝŋ. Semantically glossed as 'neck' or 'throat' in different places. Quoted as ŋas, pl. ŋas-tiɲ 'neck' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 20].
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103. Quoted as am-eɕe in [Thelwall 1981a: 150; Thelwall 1981b: 179]. Plural: am-ita-ge (am-itaː-ge in [Thelwall 1981b: 179]). Quoted as am-iɕ-e, pl. am-iɕ-take in [Ismail 2000: 67].
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103, 150; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Literally = 'place-black'. Root morpheme is o-; -de, as in the other Daju languages, is a fossilized singulative marker, and the component -ʓil = 'black' q.v.
Thelwall 1981a: 103. Quoted as muː-n- in [Thelwall 1981a: 96, 150; Thelwall 1981b: 179]. Plural: mu-t-ku-.
Caning:muː-n-1
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103, 150; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: muː-n-iɲ. Quoted as sg. mu-nwan, pl. mu-duk-wan 'nose' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 20]; cf. mu-ne, pl. mu-duk-e 'point, tip of something' [ibid.].
Thelwall 1981a: 103, 150; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Quoted as moː-ne in [Thelwall 1981a: 96].
Lagowa:mu-n-1
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103, 150; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: mu-ɕǝ-ge. Quoted as sg. mun-e, pl. mun-ɕike in [Ismail 2000: 91].
Nyalgulgule:mu-ne1
Thelwall 1981a: 96, 103, 150, 179.
NUMBER:62
WORD:not
Logorik:=ŋo1
Alamin 2013: 461. Negative particle, usually occurring at the end of the sentence. Not attested in Thelwall's data.
Caning:soŋ ~ soxoŋ #2
Alfira et al. 2013: 24, 25. Not attested in Thelwall's data.
Sila:
Not attested.
Eref:rò3
Palayer 2011: 42. This is the default phonetic shape of this postverbal particle (after vowels and glides); after consonants it takes a variety of shapes (dò, ɗò, ʓò, ʄò, lò, zò) depending on the phonetic properties of said consonants.
Nyala:
Not attested.
Lagowa:
Not attested.
Nyalgulgule:waŋga1
Thelwall 1981a: 179.
NUMBER:63
WORD:one
Logorik:nohorok1
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as nǝhorok in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 19].
Caning:nuxu1
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104; Thelwall 1981b: 182. The word nuxu is listed in the meaning 'only' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 20].
Thelwall 1981a: 104; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Quoted as kiː-k in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]. Quoted as sg. ki-k, suppletive pl. mǝro ~ mǝho 'people' in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 16].
Caning:kiː-k1
Thelwall 1981a: 104; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Quoted as ki-k in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]; as ki-g, pl. kǝ-n in [Alfira et al. 2013: 16].
Sila:beke2
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 148. Suppletive plural: ki-ne. Differently in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 149]: sg. kiː-ne, pl. kiː-ŋge (i. e. the same situation as in Nyala).
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104. Somewhat uncertain: on p. 148 of the same source, this form is only glossed as a suppletive plural (same as in Sila). However, no separate equivalent for sg. 'person' is attested anywhere in the source. In [Thelwall 1981b: 179], ki-ne is also listed as the plural form, while the singular slot remains empty. Finally, cf. in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 149]: sg. ki-ne, pl. ki-ŋge.
Lagowa:ɓege-niɕe2
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 148. Plural: ɓek-ke. Differently in [Ismail 2000: 90]: sg. kinne, pl. pekke 'person' (with suppletion, but the correlation of sg. vs. pl. is exactly the reverse of Thelwall's data for Sila: most likely, one of the sources is in error).
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Quoted as pǝr in [Thelwall 1981a: 152].
Lagowa:prro1
Thelwall 1981a: 104. Quoted as pra in [Thelwall 1981a: 104]; as pǝrra in [Thelwall 1981a: 152]; as prra in [Thelwall 1981b: 180]; as pira in [Ismail 2000: 44].
Nyalgulgule:pir1
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 179.
NUMBER:67
WORD:road
Logorik:ɓo=sok1
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104. Quoted as sg. =sok, pl. =sok-ta in [Thelwall 1981a: 151].
Caning:akko=sok1
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104. Quoted as sg. =sok, pl. =sok-tadda in [Thelwall 1981a: 151]. Quoted as ǝkǝ-sog, pl. ǝkǝ-ŋǝ-so-ta in [Alfira et al. 2013: 10].
Sila:sog-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 151; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: sog-ti-ŋge. Quoted as sg. soːg-e, pl. sok-ti-ŋge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Eref:sóg-è1
Palayer 2011: 51. Plural: sòg-tì-ŋgé.
Nyala:sog-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 151; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Quoted as sg. soːg-e, pl. soːk-tǝ-ŋge 'way' in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Lagowa:soːg-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 151; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: sog-tǝ-ge. Quoted as sog-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]; as sok-e, pl. sok-te-ge in [Ismail 2000: 46, 65].
Nyalgulgule:pir=sowe1
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 179. Quoted simply as so-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 151].
NUMBER:68
WORD:root
Logorik:max-ke1
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 152; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Polysemy: 'root / vein'. Quoted as mux-ɕidok in [Thelwall 1981a: 97].
Caning:mǝx1
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 152; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Polysemy: 'root / vein'. Quoted as mǝx-iɕ in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]; as mǝx-iɕ, pl. mǝx, with polysemy: 'root / bulb / muscle' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 18].
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 153; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Quoted as ɕakɕakay-te in [Ismail 2000: 88].
Nyalgulgule:čačai-de4
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 153, 179.
NUMBER:71
WORD:say
Logorik:ale-ge1
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104.
Caning:lǝbe2
Thelwall 1981a: 104. Differently in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]: ŋada 'say'. In [Thelwall 1981b: 180], both verbs are listed: a=ŋade and lǝbe 'to say, talk, tell', without any semantic specification. We list both forms as technical synonyms. Cf. also imperfective lege-ye, imperative lege, perfective ka=legey 'to speak, say' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 17].
Sila:ŋada3
Thelwall 1981a: 104; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Completely different equivalent listed in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]: a=lege. We list both forms as technical synonyms.
Eref:al1
Palayer 2010: 44. Typically used with 1st or 2nd person. Cf. ǎl ~ àl-gé 'I say', 'you say'; ál-ɕìgà 'we say', etc.
Nyala:libi2
Thelwall 1981a: 104. Completely different equivalent listed in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]: a=uʓe. We list both forms as technical synonyms.
Lagowa:ŋada3
Thelwall 1981a: 104; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Completely different equivalent listed in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]: ale-ge. We list both forms as technical synonyms.
Nyalgulgule:k=ere4
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 179.
NUMBER:71
WORD:say
Logorik:
Caning:ŋada3
Thelwall 1981a: 97.
Sila:ale-ge1
Thelwall 1981a: 97; Thelwall 1981b: 180.
Eref:ar4
Palayer 2010: 44. Typically used with 3rd person. Cf. m=ár ~ m=àr-gé 'he says', ɕ=ár ~ ɕ=àr-gé 'she says', etc.
Nyala:a=uʓe5
Thelwall 1981a: 97. Quoted as a=uʓei in [Thelwall 1981b: 180].
Lagowa:ale-ge1
Nyalgulgule:
NUMBER:72
WORD:see
Logorik:aɽ-a1
Thelwall 1981a: 104; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Quoted as ara in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]. Differently in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 17]: day 'see'.
Caning:al-a1
Thelwall 1981a: 104. Quoted as lala in [Thelwall 1981b: 180]. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Alfira et al. 2013: 17]: imperfective lal-e, imperative lal-a, perfective ka=lal-ey.
Sila:or-a2
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 153; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Quoted as or in [Thelwall 1981a: 97].
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 153; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Quoted as ora in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]. Cf. noro 'to see' in [Ismail 2000: 45].
Nyalgulgule:on=or-o2
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 179.
NUMBER:72
WORD:see
Logorik:
Caning:ox2
Thelwall 1981a: 97; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Quoted as imperfective ox-o, imperative ox-a, perfective k=ox in [Alfira et al. 2013: 22]. Semantric differentiation from ala is unclear; we include both forms as technical synonyms.
Sila:
Eref:
Nyala:
Lagowa:
Nyalgulgule:
NUMBER:73
WORD:seed
Logorik:yugu-di1
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 153. In [Thelwall 1981a: 97; Thelwall 1981b: 180], the word sǝɓeɕe is listed in the meaning 'seed'; however, in [Thelwall 1981a: 153] it is glossed as the action noum 'sowing', which seems more likely given the external cognates.
Caning:zǝbsi #2
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Differently in [Alfira et al. 2013: 28]: sg. yug-iɕ, pl. yug. Thelwall's zǝbsi may actually be a semantic misglossing, since it is cognate with other Daju words meaning 'sowing' rather than 'seed' [Thelwall 1981a: 153]; however, unlike in Logorik, Thelwall himself gives no additional word for 'seed' in Caning.
Sila:yuk-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 153; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Cf. also bude id. in [Thelwall 1981b: 180].
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 154. Plural: me-di. Quoted as sg. mmi, pl. mme-di in [Thelwall 1981b: 180].
Caning:mi1
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 154. Plural: mi-di. Quoted as sg. mmi, pl. mmi-di in [Thelwall 1981b: 180]; as mi, pl. mi-di 'skin, hide of animal' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 19].
Sila:miye1
Thelwall 1981a: 104, 154; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Plural: mi-di-ge. Quoted as mie in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]; as sg. mi-ye, pl. mi-ti-ŋge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 150].
Eref:ɗòk- #2
Palayer 2010: 159. Attested only in the plural form (ɗòk-íŋgè) and referring to animal hides rather than human skin, therefore, not very reliable. However, Daju languages in general do not seem to lexically differentiate between human and animal skin.
Nyala:mor-te3
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Plural: mor-t-uge. Quoted as sg. mor-te, pl. mor-t-age in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 150].
Lagowa:ɗokan-de2
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104; Thelwall 1981b: 180. Quoted as sg. dokan-te, pl. dok-uke in [Ismail 2000: 80].
Nyalgulgule:dokan-de2
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 179.
NUMBER:76
WORD:sleep
Logorik:axtadas1
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104. Differently in [Thelwall 1981a: 155]: suŋ-d- (cognate with Caning, but only present in the etymological index; apparently, Thelwall does not consider this the basic equivalent for the meaning 'to sleep'). Still differently in [Alamin 2013: 454, 455]: 1 sg. perf. ka=nah-a 'I slept', 1 sg. impf. a=nah-i 'I (will) sleep'.
Caning:sǝŋ-da2
Thelwall 1981a: 104; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Quoted as sǝŋ- in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]; as imperfective sǝŋga-ta, imperative sǝŋga, perfective ka=sǝŋga in [Alfira et al. 2013: 24].
Sila:suŋ-di2
Thelwall 1981a: 104; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Quoted as suŋg-a in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]; as suŋ-d- in [Thelwall 1981a: 155]; as suŋg- in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 150].
Eref:sùn-dì-2
Palayer 2011: 36. Infinitive: sùn-dì-ké.
Nyala:sǝŋ-da2
Thelwall 1981a: 104; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Quoted as sǝŋg-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]; as sǝŋ-d- in [Thelwall 1981a: 155]; as sǝŋg- in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 150].
Lagowa:sǝŋg-a2
Thelwall 1981a: 104; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Quoted as sǝŋg-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 97]; as sǝŋ-g in [Thelwall 1981a: 155].
Nyalgulgule:a=saŋgi-da2
Thelwall 1981a: 97, 104, 179.
NUMBER:77
WORD:small
Logorik:teteoŋos1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Differently in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 18]: ɗeɲ 'small' (not clear if related to the extended form in Thelwall's materials or not).
Caning:byeʔei2
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Quoted as biye ~ biyi, pl. biye-niɲ ~ biye-ŋ in [Alfira et al. 2013: 11].
Sila:ɲʓikega3
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 181.
Eref:
Not attested.
Nyala:siɲǝŋ4
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 181.
Lagowa:pr=šoi5
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 181. The first component clearly represents a separate root (cf. Nyalgulgule šoi), but its provenance is not obvious.
Nyalgulgule:šoi5
Thelwall 1981a: 105, 179.
NUMBER:78
WORD:smoke
Logorik:lǝk1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105. Quoted as lǝkk in [Thelwall 1981a: 155; Thelwall 1981b: 181].
Caning:lǝk1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105. Quoted as lǝkk in [Thelwall 1981a: 155; Thelwall 1981b: 181]. Plural: lǝgg-iɲ. Quoted as lǝg, with polysemy: 'dust / smoke' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 17].
Sila:lug-tiɕe1
Thelwall 1981a: 105, 155; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Quoted as luk-tiɕe in [Thelwall 1981a: 98]; as sg. lok-ti-ɕe, pl. lok-ti-ŋge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 150].
Eref:lùg-è1
Palayer 2011: 72.
Nyala:lǝgg-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 155; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Cf. also lagg-e 'dust' in [Thelwall 1981b: 176]. Quoted as lakk-e in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 150].
Lagowa:lǝg-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 155; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Quoted as leg-e in [Ismail 2000: 53]; as lik-i in [Ismail 2000: 88].
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Probably with a misprint in [Thelwall 1981a: 156]: nas-a (instead of ŋas-a). Quoted as imperfective ŋasa-ta, imperative ŋǝsa, perfective ka=ŋǝsa in [Alfira et al. 2013: 20].
Sila:doy-a3
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Quoted in root form as doy- in [Thelwall 1981a: 156].
Eref:to3
Palayer 2011: 37, 86. Meaning glossed as 'to stand up' ('se mettre debout'). Infinitive is formed with additional suffixation: tó-t-ké.
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Plural: niɲ-wes ~ niɲ-weɕ. Quoted as ɲiɲi-wes-iɕ, pl. ɲiɲi-wes in [Alfira et al. 2013: 21].
Sila:paɗaw-e3
Thelwall 1981a: 105, 156; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Plural: paɗau-ge. Quoted as paɗawa in [Thelwall 1981a: 98]; as sg. faɗaw-e, pl. faɗaw-ge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Eref:pàɗó-íɲɕè3
Palayer 2011: 18.
Nyala:ɲe-ɕe2
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 156; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Plural: ɲe-ge. Quoted as sg. ɲe-ɕe, pl. ɲeː-ge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Lagowa:ɲiŋ-iɕe2
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 156; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Plural: ɲiŋ-ge. Quoted as ɲeŋg-iɕɕe, pl. ɲeŋg-ke in [Ismail 2000: 73].
Nyalgulgule:ɲeŋ-ge2
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 179.
NUMBER:81
WORD:stone
Logorik:laːmu-s1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 149. Plural: laːmu. Quoted as lamu-s in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 13].
Caning:ŋa-ɕ2
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 149; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: ŋa-ɲu. Quoted as ŋa-yiɕ, pl. ŋa-ɲu 'small stone' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 20], where it is distinct from tapp-a, pl. tapp-u [Alfira et al. 2013: 25].
Sila:ŋaɲ-ʓe2
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 149; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: ŋan-ge. Same word as 'stone' q.v. Quoted as sg. ŋaːn-ʓe, pl. ŋaː-ŋge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Eref:
Not attested.
Nyala:ŋaɲ-ʓe2
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 149; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Plural: ŋaɲ-ʓ-uge. Same word as 'stone' q.v. Quoted as sg. ŋaːn-ʓe, pl. ŋaːy-uge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Lagowa:ŋaɲ-ʓe2
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 179. In the etymological glossary [Thelwall 1981: 149], this word is only glossed as 'mountain', whereas the meaning 'stone' is assigned to ɕabr-e, pl. ɕabr-ta-ge. However, in both variants of the Swadesh list proper the situation is exactly reverse ('stone' = ŋaɲ-ʓe, 'mountain' = ɕabr-e), so we assume that the situation on p. 149 is in error. Quoted as ŋan-ɕɕe 'stone' in [Ismail 2000: 40]; as sg. ŋgan-ɕe, pl. ŋgaɲ-ike in [Ismail 2000: 91].
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Plural: iːb-tiɲ. Quoted as iːp in [Thelwall 1981a: 157]. Quoted as ip, pl. ip-tiɲ in [Alfira et al. 2013: 15].
Sila:ib-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 105, 157; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Plural: ib-iɕi-ŋge. Quoted as iːb-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 98].
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 161; Thelwall 1981b: 183. Quoted as ik in [Ismail 2000: 100].
Nyalgulgule:iŋgi1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 180. Quoted as iniŋg in [Thelwall 1981a: 161].
NUMBER:88
WORD:tongue
Logorik:lǝbbǝx1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 182.
Caning:ɲibur1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ɲibur-iɲ. Also sg. ɲibur-e, pl. ɲibur-ti id. [Thelwall 1981a: 158]. Quoted as sg. ɲipǝr, pl. ɲipǝr-ti in [Alfira et al. 2013: 21].
Sila:ɲirb-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 158; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ɲirb-iɕi-ŋge. Quoted as sg. nirb-e, pl. nirb-e-ke in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Eref:ɲírb-é1
Palayer 2011: 50. Plural: ɲìrb-ì-ŋgé.
Nyala:ɲabr-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as ɲabǝr-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 158]; as sg. nibr-e, pl. nirb-i-tu-ge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Lagowa:ɲabr-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ɲabǝr-ta-ge. Quoted as ɲabǝr-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 158]; as ɲaper-e, pl. ɲaper-ke in [Ismail 2000: 62]; as ɲapar-e, pl. ɲapar-take in [Ismail 2000: 66].
Nyalgulgule:ɲabir-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 180.
NUMBER:89
WORD:tooth
Logorik:ɲix-t-1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105. Plural: ɲix-gumho.
Caning:ɲix-t-1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ɲix-. Quoted as sg. ɲix-te, pl. ɲix ~ ɲix-ke in [Thelwall 1981a: 158]. Quoted as sg. ɲix-t-wan, pl. ɲix in [Alfira et al. 2013: 21].
Sila:ɲirte1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 158; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ɲir-ke. Quoted as sg. nir-te, pl. nir-ke in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Eref:ɲír-tè1
Palayer 2011: 49. Plural: ɲìr-ké.
Nyala:ɲǝrte1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 158; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ɲǝr-ke. Quoted as sg. ɲer-te, pl. ɲer-ke in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Lagowa:ɲerte1
Thelwall 1981a: 105, 158; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ɲer-ke. Quoted as ɲǝr-te in [Thelwall 1981a: 98]; as ɲir-te, pl. ɲir-ke in [Ismail 2000: 80].
Nyalgulgule:ɲiri-ke1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 180.
NUMBER:90
WORD:tree
Logorik:eːwe-s1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ewe. Quoted as sg. ewe-s, pl. ewe 'stick' in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 15]; the meaning 'tree' is glossed in the same source as sg. dotti, pl. dotti-diɲ [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 14].
Caning:e-tt1
Thelwall 1981a: 99; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as e-t in [Thelwall 1981a: 106]. Plural: ewe. Quoted as e-d, pl. ewe in [Alfira et al. 2013: 13].
Sila:e-tte1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 158; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ewe-ge. Quoted as sg. e-tte, pl. iw-e-ige in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Eref:é-tté1
Palayer 2011: 67. Polysemy: 'tree / wood'.
Nyala:e-tte1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 158; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ewe-ge. Quoted as sg. e-tte, pl. ew-e-ige in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Lagowa:e-tte1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 158; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ewe-ge. Quoted as sg. e-tte, pl. ewe-ke in [Ismail 2000: 90].
Thelwall 1981a: 106, 160; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as pǝka in [Thelwall 1981a: 99].
Lagowa:pǝdah1
Thelwall 1981a: 106, 160; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as pǝkah in [Thelwall 1981a: 99]. Quoted as pidah in [Ismail 2000: 41].
Nyalgulgule:bida1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 160, 180.
NUMBER:92
WORD:walk (go)
Logorik:a=wed-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Suppletive imperative forms in [Alamin 2013: 457]: sg. eːdi, pl. waz-en.
Caning:wed-e1
Thelwall 1981a: 95, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. The actual paradigm is suppletive: imperative wede, imperfective ɗoɕo, perfective ka=ɗoɕ in [Alfira et al. 2013: 13].
Sila:a=balas2
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as ɓalis- in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 149].
Eref:ɗós3
Palayer 2011: 178. Imperfective form.
Nyala:wede1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted in root form as wed- in [Thelwall 1981a: 143; Jungraithmayr 1978: 149].
Lagowa:a=wede1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 102; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted in root form as wed- in [Thelwall 1981a: 143]. Cf. also ɗo 'to go' in [Ismail 2000: 44].
Nyalgulgule:da4
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 102, 178. Quoted as do in [Thelwall 1981a: 143]. Cf. bal-a 'to go' in [Thelwall 1981a: 180] (an alternate form quoted from an earlier work by S. Santandrea).
NUMBER:92
WORD:walk (go)
Logorik:
Caning:
Sila:
Eref:ós5
Palayer 2011: 178. Imperative form ('go!').
Nyala:do3
Thelwall 1981a: 143. Suppletive stem (precise grammatical function not indicated). Quoted as do- in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 149].
Lagowa:
Nyalgulgule:
NUMBER:93
WORD:warm
Logorik:tǝ=ppai1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106. The same word is listed with the meaning 'hot' in [Thelwall 1981b: 178]. Quoted as ta=ppai 'warm/hot' in [Thelwall 1981a: 159].
Caning:tǝ=bei1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106. The same word is listed with the meaning 'hot' in [Thelwall 1981b: 178].
Sila:ki=bey-a1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 159. The same word is listed with the meaning 'hot' in [Thelwall 1981b: 178].
Eref:tí=bì-nò1
Palayer 2011: 157. Plural: tí=bí-kò.
Nyala:ta=bi1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 159. The same word is listed with the meaning 'hot' in [Thelwall 1981b: 178].
Lagowa:tǝ=bei1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106. Quoted as tǝ=beːi in [Thelwall 1981a: 159; Thelwall 1981b: 178] (the latter source lists the meaning as 'hot').
Nyalgulgule:ti=bei1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 159, 180. Glossed as 'warm/hot'.
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 161; Thelwall 1981b: 183. No clusivity.
Lagowa:aško1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 161. According to Thelwall, no clusivity; quoted as aško ~ wisko in [Thelwall 1981b: 183]. However, in [Ismail 2000: 100] the form is listed as aško 'we (excl.)'.
Nyalgulgule:wiš-ko1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 180. No clusivity.
NUMBER:95
WORD:we2
Logorik:konok2
Thelwall 1981b: 183. Inclusive form. Cf. paradigmatic information: independent form konok, object form =konok, subject form konok-, possessive form =onok in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 17].
Caning:kok2
Thelwall 1981b: 183. Inclusive form. Quoted as kog in [Alfira et al. 2013: 16].
Palayer 2011: 56. Inclusive form. Cf. also kóká 'we (dual)'.
Nyala:
Lagowa:onoka #2
Ismail 2000: 100. Glossed as 'we (incl.)'. Somewhat dubious, since this form is not recorded in Thelwall's data; it remains unclear if some subdialects of Lagowa drop the clusivity opposition or if this is simply the result of negligence on Thelwall's part.
Nyalgulgule:
NUMBER:96
WORD:what
Logorik:waːyan1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106; Thelwall 1981b: 182.
Caning:wi-aŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Cf. wi 'what' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 27].
Sila:ʓa2
Thelwall 1981a: 106; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as ʄa in [Thelwall 1981a: 99].
Eref:ʄá2
Palayer 2011: 61.
Nyala:dua2
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106; Thelwall 1981b: 182.
Lagowa:ɗira2
Thelwall 1981a: 106; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as ɗera in [Thelwall 1981a: 99]; as diraŋ in [Ismail 2000: 53].
Nyalgulgule:die2
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106, 180.
NUMBER:97
WORD:white
Logorik:pabbal1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as sg. babball, pl. babball-ǝɲ in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 18]; as sg. pabbal, pl. pabbal-ǝɲ in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 19] (same source, different page!).
Caning:bou2
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as sg. bu, pl. baw-iɲ in [Alfira et al. 2013: 11].
Thelwall 1981a: 106, 159; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as minna in [Thelwall 1981a: 99].
Eref:àŋgàlá3
Palayer 2011: 61. Plural: àŋgál-ná.
Nyala:mǝna2
Thelwall 1981a: 106, 159; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as mǝna-ba in [Thelwall 1981a: 99].
Lagowa:mǝna2
Thelwall 1981a: 106, 159; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as mǝnaː-na in [Thelwall 1981a: 99].
Nyalgulgule:mine2
Thelwall 1981a: 106, 159, 180.
NUMBER:99
WORD:woman
Logorik:ux1
Thelwall 1981a: 106, 159; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ux-i ~ ux-u. Quoted as uxe in [Thelwall 1981a: 99]. Quoted as pl. uh-i 'women', with an extended, semi-suppletive sg. form kihas-ux 'woman' in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 16].
Caning:uːx1
Thelwall 1981a: 99, 106; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as ux, pl. ux-u in [Alfira et al. 2013: 26].
Thelwall 1981a: 106, 159; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as wurǝ in [Thelwall 1981a: 99]. Suppletive plural: boɲʓe. Quoted as sg. wure, pl. bonʓe in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Lagowa:wure1
Thelwall 1981a: 106, 159; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as wǝr in [Thelwall 1981a: 99]; as wora in [Ismail 2000: 52]; as sg. wure, pl. wur-uke in [Ismail 2000: 58]; as sg. worr-e, pl. uru-ke in [Ismail 2000: 90]. Plural: uruː-ge.
Nyalgulgule:u-de1
Thelwall 1981a: 106, 180. Quoted as ur-e in [Thelwall 1981a: 99, 159].
NUMBER:100
WORD:yellow
Logorik:pǝx-aɲ1
Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as sg. bǝx-aɲ, pl. bǝx-aɲ-ǝɲ in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 19].
Caning:buʔbbǝx1
Thelwall 1981b: 182. Cf. dabaldi 'yellow colour' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 12].
Sila:pira1
Thelwall 1981b: 182.
Eref:
Not attested.
Nyala:
Not attested.
Lagowa:pušša2
Thelwall 1981b: 182.
Nyalgulgule:puš2
Thelwall 1981a: 180.
NUMBER:101
WORD:far
Logorik:tǝ=xxan1
Thelwall 1981a: 142; Thelwall 1981b: 177.
Caning:tǝ=xaːŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 142. Quoted as tǝ=zaːŋ in [Thelwall 1981b: 177] (possibly a misprint?). The adverbial form 'far' is quoted as tǝ=xan-de in [Alfira et al. 2013: 25].
Sila:ti=raŋ-a1
Thelwall 1981a: 142; Thelwall 1981b: 177.
Eref:tí=ràŋ1
Palayer 2011: 175.
Nyala:tǝ=raːŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 142. Quoted as traːŋ in [Thelwall 1981b: 177].
Lagowa:tǝ=raːŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 142. Quoted as traːŋ in [Thelwall 1981b: 177].
Nyalgulgule:te=raŋ1
Thelwall 1981a: 177. Cf. ti=raŋ 'far' in [Thelwall 1981a: 142, 180] (an alternate transcription from an earlier work by S. Santandrea).
NUMBER:102
WORD:heavy
Logorik:tǝ=ttǝx1
Thelwall 1981a: 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178. Quoted as ta=tax in [Alamin 2013: 460].
Caning:tǝ=tǝx1
Thelwall 1981a: 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178.
Sila:
Not attested.
Eref:
Not attested.
Nyala:tǝ=dǝr1
Thelwall 1981a: 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178.
Lagowa:to=doŋa2
Thelwall 1981a: 145; Thelwall 1981b: 178.
Nyalgulgule:to=doŋ2
Thelwall 1981a: 145, 178.
NUMBER:103
WORD:near
Logorik:tariya1
Thelwall 1981a: 150; Thelwall 1981b: 179.
Caning:kǝssaɕ2
Thelwall 1981a: 150; Thelwall 1981b: 179. Cf. also ŋǝte 'near' (adverb) in [Alfira et al. 2013: 20].
Sila:ɲotoga3
Thelwall 1981a: 150. Differently in [Thelwall 1981b: 179]: mituga 'near' (probably a dialectal variant with dissimilation of the initial nasal?).
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 155; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Plural: doːɽ-u ~ doɽ-u. Cf. sg. roroŋ, pl. roroŋ-u 'snake' in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 15] (possibly 'kind of snake'?).
Caning:dol1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 155; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Plural: doll-u. Quoted as dol, pl. dol-u in [Alfira et al. 2013: 12].
Sila:kok-e2
Thelwall 1981a: 105, 155; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Plural: kok-ige. Quoted as kok-o in [Thelwall 1981a: 98]; as sg. koːk-e, pl. koːk-ige in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 150].
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 179. Also kok id., listed only in the etymological index in [Thelwall 1981a: 155].
NUMBER:107
WORD:thin
Logorik:wax1
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 157; Thelwall 1981b: 181. Differently in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 19]: sg. korox-korox, pl. korox-korox-ǝɲ 'thin'.
Caning:ka=ɓatale2
Thelwall 1981a: 98, 105, 157.
Sila:waːra1
Thelwall 1981a: 105, 157; Thelwall 1981b: 181.
Eref:
Not attested, but cf. wár-dì-gé 'slenderness' (Fr. 'maigreur') in [Palayer 2011: 23], with the same root as in Sila, Nyala, etc.
Nyala:waːr1
Thelwall 1981a: 105, 157; Thelwall 1981b: 181.
Lagowa:kǝ=ɓatale2
Thelwall 1981a: 105, 157. Cf. also waːr 'thin' in [Ismail 2000: 41].
Nyalgulgule:batila2
Thelwall 1981a: 105, 157, 180. The word waːr is also listed as a possible equivalent for the meaning 'thin', but only in the etymological index in [Thelwall 1981a: 157].
NUMBER:108
WORD:wind
Logorik:mege1
Thelwall 1981a: 159; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: mege-te. Quoted as mege in [Alamin Mubarak 2006: 16].
Caning:mege-dde1
Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as mege-de in [Thelwall 1981a: 159]. Quoted as mege, pl. mege-de, with polysemy: 'wind storm / wind / air' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 19].
Thelwall 1981a: 159; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Quoted as meke-ne in [Ismail 2000: 88].
Nyalgulgule:me-ne1
Thelwall 1981a: 159.
NUMBER:109
WORD:worm
Logorik:ux ~ uːx-us1
Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: ox-oʓ-i. However, in [Thelwall 1981a: 160], the form ux is listed as plural 'worms' and the form uːx-us as the singular 'worm'.
Caning:ox ~ oːx-iɕ1
Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: oːx-uʓ-u. Quoted as ux-iɕ, pl. ux, with polysemy: 'worm / caterpillar' in [Alfira et al. 2013: 27].
Sila:uk-uɕe1
Thelwall 1981a: 160. Plural: uk-e. Quoted as sg. oːk-iɕe, pl. oːk-iɕ-iŋge in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Eref:ókk-ìɕé1
Palayer 2011: 53. Plural: òk-ké.
Nyala:oh-oɕe1
Thelwall 1981a: 160; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: oh-ke. Quoted as sg. oh-oɕe, pl. oː-ke in [Jungraithmayr 1978: 151].
Thelwall 1981a: 160; Thelwall 1981b: 182. Plural: oso-dduk ~ oso-dduːk. Polysemy: 'year / rainy season'. Differently in [Alfira et al. 2013: 15]: ʓen, pl. ʓen-de (probably borrowed from Arabic); the word oso, pl. oso-da is listed there only in the meaning 'rainy season' [Alfira et al. 2013: 22].