Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *dok-

Meaning: to teach, to show

Avestan: daxš- `lehren'

Other Iranian: NPers daxš- `Geschäft, Mühe'

Old Greek: dokéu̯ō `ins Auge fassen, beobachten, auflauern'; dokéō, aor. édoksa, pf. dedókēmai̯, med. dédogmai̯ `ansehen, meinen, scheinen', dokêi̯ moi̯ `es scheint mir'; dóksa f. `Ansicht, Meinung, Ansehen, Ruhm'; dóksi-s f., dokṓ f., dokǟ́ f. `id.'; dógma n. `Meinung, Beschluss, Lehrsatz', pros-dokáō `erwarten'

Latin: doceō, -ēre, -uī, doctum `klar machen, unterrichten, unterweisen, lehren, einüben'; discō, -ere, didicī `lernen'

Russ. meaning: учить, показывать

References: WP I 782 f

Comments: Must be a causative from *dek'-.

Proto-IE: *dol-

Meaning: calculation, fraud

Armenian: toɫ `Linie, Reihe'

Old Greek: dólo-s `Lockspeise, Lockmittel, Trug, List'

Germanic: *tal-a- n.; *tal-ōn- f.; *tal-ō- vb., *tal-ja- vb., *tal-z-ia- vb.

Latin: dolus, -ī m. `List, Täuschung'

Other Italic: Osk dolom (mallum) `dolum (malum)', dolud (malud) `dolō (malō)'

Russ. meaning: расчет, обман

References: WP I 808 f

Proto-IE: *dolǝgh-/*delegh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: long

Hittite: daluki- `lang' (Friedrich 206)

Old Indian: dīrghá- `long'

Avestan: darǝga-, darǝɣa-

Other Iranian: OPers darga- 'lang'

Old Greek: dolikhó- `lang', dólikho-s m. `Langlauf'; en-delekhḗs `fortdauernd, ununterbrochen'

Slavic: *dьlgъ

Baltic: *il̂g-a- (1) adj.

Germanic: *tulg=

Latin: indulgeō, -ēre, indulsī, indultum `nachsichtig sein, nachgeben, nachhängen, frönen, willfahren'

Russ. meaning: длинный

References: WP I 813

Proto-IE: *dom-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: house

Old Indian: pátir dán; dám-pati- m. `lord of the house'; dáma- m.n. `house, home', loc. dame `at home'; dámū-nas `friend of the house'; {mana- m. Gebäude, Wohnung}

Avestan: dǝ̄ng paitiš 'Gebieter' (gen. *dems); loc. dąm 'im Hause', ha-dǝmōi 'im selben Haus'; nom. uši-dɔ̄ Name eines Gebirges; dǝmā̆na-, nmāna- n. 'Haus'

Armenian: tun (*dōm), gen., dat. tan, acc. tun, instr. tamb (*d^ǝmbhi) `Haus'

Old Greek: dómo-s m. `Haus, Wohnung, Zimmer'; hom. acc. dō̂ `nach Hause'; dō̂ma n. `Haus, Wohnung, Tempel'; ? én-don `innen, darin, zu Hause'; dá-pedo-n n. `Fussboden, Erdboden'; dóma, gen. -atos = dō̂ma Max. 448; dóma = teikhíon Hsch.; des-pótǟs m. `Herr, Hausherr, Herrscher'; ? dmṓs, -ōós m. `Sklave, Knecht'

Slavic: *dòmъ (u-St.), adv. loc. *dòmā, dat. *domõvь

Baltic: *dimst-i- c.

Germanic: *tum-f(i)t-ō f.

Latin: domus, -ūs/-ī f. `Haus', loc. domī `zu Hause', dominus, -ī `Hausherr, Herr', domina f. `Hausfrau, Herrin'

Russ. meaning: дом

References: WP I 786 f

Comments: Probably related to *dema- 'to build'.

Proto-IE: *doma-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to tame

Hittite: damas- (I) 'drücken, drängen, bedrängen' (Friedrich 207)

Old Indian: dāmyati `to be tamed; to subdue, overpower', ptc. dāntá-, caus. damáyati; damitár- m. `tamer'; damá- m. `punishment, fine', dáma- m. `self-command, self-control'

Other Iranian: Osset domun `zähmen', NPers dām `zahmes Tier'

Old Greek: dámǟmi, damázdō, aor. damá(s)sai̯, intr. damē̂nai̯, pass. damē̂nai̯, pf. dédmǟmai̯, va. á-dmǟto- `bezähmen, bändigen, bewältigen'; dmǟtḗr `Bändiger', dmǟ̂si-s `Bändigung', a-dmǟ́s, -tos f., m. `ungebändigt, unverheiratet', a-damato- `id.', dmǟtéǟ f. `id.'; damátei̯ra f.; pan-damátōr m., f. pan-damátei̯ra f. `Allbändiger(in)'

Germanic: *tam-a- adj., *tam-ō- vb., *tam-ja- vb.

Latin: domō, -āre, -uī, -itum `bändigen, zähmen', domitus, -a `gezähmt, zahm; domitor, -ōris m. `Bändiger, Bezwinger', domitus, -ūs m. `Bändigung'

Celtic: *damne- etc. > OIr damnaim `binde (fest), bändige (Pferde)', inf. damnad, domnad; dam- `sich fügen, erleiden, gewähren'; ad-dam- `gestehn', fo-dam- `erleiden'; OCymr ni cein guodeimisauch gl. `non bebe passae', Cymr addef `gestehn'; goddef `leiden, erlauben' ; dōf `zahm' (< Lat?), Corn gothaf `ertragen', Bret añsav `gestehn'; gouzañv, gouzav `ertragen'; doff `zahm' (<Lat?)

Russ. meaning: укрощать, приручать

References: WP I 788 f

Proto-IE: *donw-

Meaning: reed

Old Greek: *donw-: dónak-s, -akos, poet. gen. dọ̄́nakos AP, dat. dṓnaki Theoc. 'pole-reed, Arundo donax, asmaller than kálamos'; anything made of reed'

Baltic: *dō̂n-ia- c. (1), *dō̂n-ā̂ (1) f., -jā̂ f.

Russ. meaning: растение (тростник)

Proto-IE: *dorkʷ-

Meaning: supper

Old Greek: dórpo-n n. `Abendessen, Mahl'

Albanian: dárkë, pl. -a f. ужин; drékë, pl. -a обед;

Russ. meaning: ужин

References: WP I 801

Proto-IE: *doup-

Meaning: to sound toneless

Old Greek: dôu̯po-s m. `dumpfes Geräusch, Getöse', dou̯péō, pf. ptc. gen. dedou̯pótos `dumpf tönen, tosen', erí-(g)doupo- `mit lautem Geräusch, laut donnernd'

Slavic: *dūpītī; *dūpātī, *dūpljǭ

Baltic: *dup-ē̂- vb.

Russ. meaning: звучать глухо

References: WP I 781 f

Proto-IE: *dous-

Meaning: arm, shoulder

Old Indian: doṣ- n., gen. doṣnáḥ n. (m.) `fore-arm, arm'

Avestan: davš- m. 'Oberarm, Schulter'

Other Iranian: NPers dōš 'Schulter'

Slavic: *pāzъ-dūxā 'Achselhöhle'

Baltic: *dus-iā̃ f.

Celtic: OIr doe, gen. doat `Arm'

Russ. meaning: рука (Arm), плечо

References: WP I 782

Proto-IE: *dow-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: for a long time

Avestan: dbōištǝm adj. `longissimum (zeitlich)'

Other Iranian: OPers duvaištam adv. `diutissime'

Armenian: tevem `dauere, halte aus, halte stand, bleibe', tev `Ausdauer, Dauer', itev `auf die Dauer, lange Zeit hindurch'

Old Greek: dǟ́n `lang' (dor. doā́n `lang'); dǟró- `lange dauernd'', adv. dǟthá `lange', daó- (~ -ā-) = `polükhrónios' (Hsch.)

Slavic: *dāvē, *dāvьnjъ(jь)

Latin: dūdum `lange schon, längst'

Celtic: OIr doe `langsam'

Russ. meaning: долго

References: WP I 778 f

Proto-IE: *dōur-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Old Greek: dō̂ro-n n. `Handbreite'; Arc. acc. dárin = spithamḗn Hsch., (*Lacon.) dáreir = spithamḗ Hsch.

Baltic: *dū̃r-iā̃ f., *dū̂r-ia- (2) c.

Celtic: OIr dorn `Faust, Hand'; Cymr dwrn `Hand', dyrnaid, MCymr dyrneit `Handvoll', Bret dorn `Hand', dournek `wer grosse Hände hat'

Russ. meaning: ладонь растянутый

References: WP I 794 f

Proto-IE: *dō(w)- <PIH *dō->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to give

Hittite: da- (II) 'nehmen' (Friedrich 201-202)

Old Indian: dádāti, fut. dāsyati, aor. 3 sg. ádāt, pt. dattá-, (in comp.) -tta-, inf. dāváne; dā́tár- m. `giving, giver'; dāti- `liking to give'; dāná- n. `act of giving, gift'; dāyá- `gebend', dāya- m. `gift, donation'; dā́- m.`giver'

Avestan: dadāiti `er gibt', dāɵra- n. `Geschenk', dāiti- `Geben, Schenken, Gewährung'; dāvōi `zugeben'

Other Iranian: OPers imp. dadātuv

Armenian: aor. etu; tamk `damus', tam `do'; tur `Geschenk'

Old Greek: dídōmi, aor. édōka, pass. dothē̂nai̯, pf. dédōka, m.-p. dédomai̯, va. dotó- `geben'; dṓs f. `Gabe'; dósi-s f. `das Geben, Gabe', dōtínǟ f. `Gabe, Abgabe, Pachtzins'; apó-, diá-, pró-doma; dō̂ro-n n. ` Gabe, Geschenk'; dṓtōr `Geber', dotḗr m., dótei̯ra f. `Geber(in)', dṓtǟ-s, epi-dṓtǟ-s m. hom., att. aor. inf. dọ̄̂nai̯, kypr. dOwenai̯ (o~ō), opt. düwanoi `er möge geben', inf. dowenai, hom., att. inf. aor. dộnai̯ `geben' < *doénai̯ ? *dowénai̯?; dános n. `Gabe; Darlehen, Schuld'

Slavic: *dā́tī, *dā̃mь, *dā̃sī, *dā̃stь, *dādę̄tь; *dājā́tī, *dā̀jǭ; *bolgo-, *po-dātь; *dānъkъ; *dānь; *dā̀rъ (u-St.), *dārī́tī C; *pro-dājā etc.; pl. *pody (Rus dial. NE по́ды `подати, денежные поборы' СРНГ); *prīdъ; *dāvā́tī

Baltic: *dō̂- (*dō̂-meî) (2) vb., dā- vb.; *dā̂w-ā̂- (1) vb., *dā̂w-an-ā̂ (2) f., *dā̃w-ia- c.; *dō̂-tl-iā̃, *dō̃-tl-iā̃ f., *dā̂-tl-a- c., *dā̂-t-a- c.

Latin: dō, damus, datis, dare, datum `geben, gewähren'; reddō, reddidi, -ditum, -dere `zurückgeben'; datus, -a `gegeben; dator, -ōris m. `Geber'; datū `zu Geben'; datus, -Us m. `Gabe'; datiō, -ōnis f. `das Geben'; dōs, -tis f. `Mitgift'; datio `das Schenken'; dōnum, -ī n. `Gabe, Geschenk'; duim, duīs etc. `dem, dēs etc.'; fut. II interduō, concrēduō; ? pl. dautia n. `Bewirtung fremder Gäste und Gesandter in Rom'

Other Italic: Osk. dúnúm `Gabe', dúneís `doni', [d]uunated `donavit', da[da]d `dedat', dadid `dederit', didest `dabit', dedet `dedit'; Vestin didet `dat', data `data', duno `donum', Paelign dida `det', datas `datae ~ datas'; Falisk datu `datum', doviat `det'; Mars dunom `donum', Umbr dirsa, dersa, teřa `det', dirsans `dent'; teřte `datur', ateřafust `circumtulerit', dede `dedit', teřust, dirsust `dederit', purdovitu, purtuvitu `poricito', purtuvies `porricies', purtiius `porrexeris', purditom `porrectum', purtifile `porricibilem'; dia `det, faciat'; dunu(m) `donum'

Celtic: *dāno-m > Ir dān `donum, ars, ingenium (Begabung)'; Cymr dawn `Geschenk'

Albanian: dašɛ `ich gab'; δɛnɛ `gegeben', f. `Gabe, Abgabe', geg δąnɛ id.

Russ. meaning: давать, дарить

References: WP I 814 f

Proto-IE: *drak-, -g-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: spectre, evil ghost

Old Greek: drắkōn, -ontos m. 'dragon, serpent'; drắkai̯na f. 'she-dragon'

Slavic: *drokъ (> ORus drokъ)

Baltic: *drak-a- c.

Germanic: *trak-an-, *trakk-an- m.

Celtic: MIr aur-ddrach `Gespenst'

Russ. meaning: призрак, злой дух

Comments: All the above words are usually regarded as later loanwords (ultimately < Greek), but this is not self-evident.

Proto-IE: *drAs-

Meaning: to tear off, to scratch, etc.

Slavic: *drāsātī; *drāstā; *drьsьnъ

Germanic: *trás=

Russ. meaning: обрывать, расцарапывать etc.

References: WP I 797 f

Proto-IE: *drAsk-

Meaning: chips, thrash

Baltic: *drask-ā̂ f., *drask-ī̂- vb; *drisk- vb. intr., *drisk-ā̂ f., *draĩsk-al-a- c., *draîsk-ā̂ f. (1)

Germanic: *trask=

Russ. meaning: щепки, мусор

Proto-IE: *drAuk(')-

Meaning: a k. of vessels

Germanic: *trug-á- m., n., *trux-, *tráux=

Celtic: MIr drochta `Fass, Tonne'

Russ. meaning: сосуд (типа бочки)

Proto-IE: *drāpe-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to run, to escape

Old Indian: caus. drāpayati `to make run', aor. adidrapat

Old Greek: drāpétǟ-s m., -ti-s f. `Flüchtling'

Slavic: *drā́pātī (Pol, Rus `weglaufen')

Russ. meaning: бежать, убегать

References: WP I 795 f

Comments: Obviously connected with *der[a]-, but what is -pe-?

Proto-IE: *drāp-, -b-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: rag

Old Indian: drāpí- m. `mantle, garment', drapsá- m. `flag, banner'

Avestan: drafšō- `Fahne, Banner'

Slavic: *drābā (Chech zdraby 'Fetzen, Lumpen', HSorb draby 'allerhand Kleidungsstücke, Kleidungswerk')

Baltic: *drap-an-ā̂ f., *drab-uǯ-ia-, *dreb-uǯ-ia- c., *drā̂b-iā̃ f. (1), *drab-an-a- c., *drē̂b-iā̃ f. (1), *drāb-ul-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *tra[f]-a- n., *trab-ō(n-), *trēb=

Latin: drappus, -ī m. `Tuch, Lappen' (Fr drap 'Tuch', drapeau 'Fahne', It drappo, etc.) < Illyr ? (Pokorny)

Russ. meaning: тряпка

References: WP I 797 f

Proto-IE: *dreg-

Meaning: to drag, to scrape

Baltic: *drag-ā̂-, ō̂- vb., *drag-ul-ia- c.

Germanic: *trik-a- vb.; *trak-ja- vb.

Russ. meaning: тащить, скрести

References: WP I 797 f

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