Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *p^el- (Gr pt-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: fenced settlement, stronghold

Old Indian: pūr f. (pūrṣú, púram, puráḥ) `rampart, wall, fortress, city'; pura- n., puri-, purī f. `fortress, town'

Old Greek: póli-s, ep., kypr., thess. ptóli-s, -eōs, ion. -ios/ēos f. `Burg, Feste, Stadt, Stadtgemeinde, Staat'

Baltic: *pil-i- c., *pil-iā̃ f.

Russ. meaning: укрепленное поселение

References: WP II 51

Proto-IE: *p^enst- (*p^enkʷ-sti-)

Meaning: fist

Slavic: *pę̄stь

Baltic: ? *kum̂st-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *funst-i- c.

Russ. meaning: кулак

References: WP II 84

Proto-IE: *p^erk'-

Meaning: embers

Baltic: *pir̃č-n-i- c., *pir̃č-t-i- c.

Celtic: OIr riches Kohle; Bret regez `Kohlenglut'

Russ. meaning: тлеющие уголья

References: WP II 47

Proto-IE: *p^ord-

Meaning: wet, slippery

Old Greek: pardakó- (vv. ll. por-, -dokó-) `nass, feucht'

Baltic: *pur̂d-ul-ia- (1) c.

Russ. meaning: мокрый, слизкий

References: WP II 50

Proto-IE: *rabh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to rage

Tokharian: A rapurñe 'Leidenschaft'

Old Indian: rábhas- n. `violence, force, energy', rabhasá- `violent, fierce', sáṁ-rabdha- `enraged, furious'

Latin: rabiēs, gen. -ēs, dat. -ē, acc. -em, abl. -ē `Wut, Tollheit, Toben, Raserei', rabiō, -ere `rasen, toben'

Russ. meaning: бесноваться

References: WP II 341

Comments: Cf. *rebh-.

Proto-IE: *rAik'- ?

Meaning: roe

Old Indian: riśya- m. `deer, antelope' (but possibly = ŕ̥śya-, see *alk'-)

Germanic: *ráix-u- n., *ráix-a- m., *ráix-an- m., *raig-iṓn- f., *rikk-ī(n-) f.

Russ. meaning: скот (косуля)

References: WP II 346

Proto-IE: *rAk- <PIH *Vr->

Meaning: to divide

Hittite: ark- (II) 'zerteilen, zerstückeln'

Old Indian: r̥kṇa- 'cut, felled, torn, broken, wounded, rubbed'

Baltic: *rak- (*rak-a-/*rañk-a-) vb. abs., *rak-tuw-a- c.

Russ. meaning: разделять

References: Tischler 58.

Proto-IE: *rAt-

Meaning: row

Other Iranian: NPers rada (<MPers *ratak) 'series, ordo, acies hominum, animalium aliarumve rerum, quae uno ordine disposita sunt'

Germanic: *radō, *rad=

Russ. meaning: ряд

References: Fraenkel 711

Proto-IE: *rAwǝ-

Meaning: to shout, to roar

Old Indian: rauti, ravīti, ruváti, ravati `to roar, bellow, howl'; ráva-, ravátha- m. `roar, yell'

Old Greek: ōrǖ́omai̯, aor. ōrǖ́sasthai̯ `heulen, brüllen, wehklagen', adv. ōrǖdón `heulend', ōrǖthmó-s (~ -ü-) m. `Heuler, heulend'

Slavic: *rjūtī, *revǭ; *rūjītī

Baltic: *raû-n-ā̂ (1) f.

Germanic: *rū-ja- vb., *riu-n-ia- vb., *riu-n-i- adj., *riu-n-ō- vb., *ru-m-ja- vb., *ru-m-ja- m.; *ráu-s-a- n., *rau-s-t=, *ráu-s-ōn- f.

Latin: rūmor, -ōris m. `dumpfes Geräusch; Murmeln, Summen; Gerücht, Volksstimmen, Beifall', ravus, -a `heiser', ravis, acc. -im `Heiserkeit', raucus, -a `heiser, schrillend, dumpf, schnarrend', rāvīre `heiser reden'

Russ. meaning: кричать, реветь

References: WP II 349 f

Proto-IE: *rAwǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to tear apart, to break in pieces

Tokharian: A, B ruwā- 'pull out (from under a surface)' (Adams 537)

Old Indian: ravate, aor. rāviṣam, intens. roruvat, ptc. rutá- `to break or dash to pieces'

Slavic: *rъvātī, *rūjǭ; *rūtī, *rovǭ

Baltic: *raû- (-ja-) vb. tr. (2), *raw-ē̂- vb., *rāw-ā̂ f., *raû-tl-ia- c. (2)

Latin: ē-ruo, -rutus `to tear out', dī-ruo, -rutus `to destroy'

Celtic: *raumā > MIr ruam `Spaten, Grabscheit', ruamor `effosio'

Russ. meaning: разрывать, разбивать

References: WP II 351 f

Proto-IE: *ray- / -e-

Meaning: hill, sand hill

Old Indian: reṇú- m. `dust'

Slavic: *rēnь 'Sandbank'

Baltic: *reiw-ā̂ f., *rīw-ā̂ f., -iā̃ f.

Germanic: *rai-n-a- m., *rai-n-ō(n-) f.

Celtic: OIr roen `Weg; Bergkette'; Bret run `Hügel'

Russ. meaning: возвышенная полоса земли

References: WP II 343, Fraenkel 692

Proto-IE: *rād- ~ -ō-

Meaning: glad

Slavic: *rā́dъ

Germanic: *rōt-[a]- adj., *rōt-ia- vb.

Russ. meaning: радостный

References: WP II 369

Proto-IE: *rādh-

Meaning: to promote, to assist

Old Indian: rādhnóti, rādhyati, rā́dhyate, rādhati `to succeed, be accomplished or finished; to accomplish, achieve', rādha- m.n., rā́dhas n. `favour, gift, success, accomplishment'

Avestan: rāδaiti `macht bereit', rāδa- m. `Fürsorger', rādah- n. `Sichbereitstellen, Bereitwilligkeit (in religiöser Hinsicht)'

Other Iranian: OPers rādiy (loc. sg.) `wegen', NPers ārāyad, ārāstan `schmücken'

Slavic: *rāditi, *rādъ, *rādī

Baltic: *rā̂d-ī- (1) vb.

Germanic: *rōd-ia- vb., *rēd-a- vb., *rēd-ia- vb., *rēd-a- n., m.

Celtic: OIr immrādim `überlege, überdenke', OCymr amraud `mens', Cymr amrawdd `Gespräch'

Russ. meaning: способствовать

References: WP I 69 f

Proto-IE: *rāp-/-ē-

Meaning: turnip

Old Greek: ? rháphü-s, rhápü-s f. `Rübe', rháphano-s f. `Kohl, Brassica cretica; Rettich, Raphanus sativus'

Slavic: *rḗpā

Baltic: *rā̂p-iā̃ (1) f.

Germanic: *rōb-ṓn-, *rōb-iṓn- f.; *rēb-ṓ(n-) f.

Latin: rāpum, -ī n., rāpa f. `Rübe'

Russ. meaning: растение (репа)

References: WP II 341 f

Comments: Greek rh- is irregular, as if the root had *sr- or *wr-; -ph- is also irregular. Greek form might be borrowed from the northern IE languages.

Proto-IE: *rāt- (~ -ō-)

Meaning: log

Slavic: *rātīšče, *rātovīšče копье: ORus ратище, ратовище, Ukr ра́тище, Sloven ratíšte, Czech ratište

Germanic: *rōd-ṓ(n-) f., *rṓɵ=

Latin: ratis, -is f. `Floss'

Russ. meaning: бревно

References: WP II 368

Proto-IE: *rebh-

Meaning: rib

Slavic: *rebro

Germanic: *rib-ja- n., m., *rib-jō(n-) f.

Russ. meaning: ребро

References: WP II 371

Comments: [Cf. *(e)rebh-]

Proto-IE: *rebh-

Meaning: to move in disorder

Germanic: *rib-ō-, *rab-ō- vb., *rab-Vl-a=

Celtic: *rebā > Ir reb `Spiel, Tücke', rebrad `Kinderspiel', rebaigim `ich spiele'

Russ. meaning: о Броуне

References: WP II 370

Comments: Cf. *rabh-.

Proto-IE: *reg'- (*rēg'-s)

Meaning: chief, king

Old Indian: rāj- m. `king', rā́jan- m. id., rā́jñī f. `queen', rā́jati, rā́ṣṭi `to reign, be king, rule over'; rā́jya-, rājyá-, rājyà- n. `royalty, kingship', rāṣṭrá- m. n. `kingdom, realm'

Avestan: rāstar- 'Lenker, Leiter'

Germanic: *rik-a- m., *rik-an- m.

Latin: rēx, gen. rēgis m. `Leiter, König, Fürst, Prinz; Despot, Oberhaupt; Patron; Erzieher'

Celtic: Gaul Catu-rīx, pl. -rīges, etc. `Kampfkönig(e)'; Rīgo-magus eig. `Königsfeld'; OIr rī, gen. rīg `König', rīgain `Königin', MIr rīge `Königreich'; Cymr rhi `Fürst', rhiain `Dame'; [ OCorn ruy, MBret roe, NBret roue ]

Russ. meaning: вождь, царь

References: WP II 362 f

Proto-IE: *reib-

Meaning: harvest, fat

Baltic: *reib-u- adj., *rib-al-a- c.

Germanic: *rīp-a- vb., *rīp-i- adj., *rīp-ē- vb., *rip-ō- vb.

Russ. meaning: урожайный, жирный

References: Fraenkel 728

Proto-IE: *reidh-

Meaning: to ride

Baltic: *raid-u- adj., *raîd-ī̂- vb. (1)

Germanic: *rīd-a vb.-, *rid-jan- m., *raid-ō f.

Celtic: *reid-, *reidā etc. > Gaul rēda `vierrädiger Reisewagen', mlat.-gall. ve-rēdus, para-ve-rēdus `Beipferd' [?]; Ir rīadaim `fahre'; dē-riad `Zweigespann'; rīad `Fahren, Reiten'; Cymr rhwyddau `prosperare, expedire, facilitare', gorŵydd `equus, caballus'

Russ. meaning: ехать верхом

References: WP II 348