Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *(a)rēy-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to regulate, to count

Old Greek: arithmó-s m. `Zahl, Anzahl, Zählung', nǟ́rito- `zahllos', arkad. pl. Ep-áritoi̯ Ben. der Soldaten des arkadischen Bundes, eig. "die Auserlesenen"

Germanic: *ra-ɵ-ja- vb., *ra-ɵ-jō f., -ra-d-a- n., *ga-rai-d-a- adj., *rī-m-a- n.

Latin: reor, ratus, rērī `ordne (im Geiste), schätze, meine', rītus, gen. -ūs m. `religiöser Gebrauch, Ritus, Zeremonie; Gebrauch, Sitte, Gewohnheit, Art'; ratiō, -ōnis f. `Rechnung, Rechenschaft; Geschaftssache, Verkehr; Gattung, Gebiet; Vorteil; Berücksichtigung, Sorge; Denken, Vernunft, Überlegung; Grund, Begründung; Gesetzmässigkeit, Regel; Einrichtung, Verhältnis; Wissenschaft, Lehee, Grundsatz'

Celtic: OIr rīm `Zahl', *adrīmā > āram `id.', dorīmu `zähle'; Cymr rhif `Zahl'

Russ. meaning: упорядочивать, считать

References: WP I 69 f

Proto-IE: *arǝm-

Meaning: arm

Old Indian: īrmá- m. `arm, fore-quarter of an animal'

Avestan: arǝma- `Arm'; Osset ärm `hohle Arm'

Armenian: armukn `Ellenbogen'

Slavic: *órmę̄, *órmen-, *órmo

Baltic: *irm-ā̂ f., *ir̂m=ēd-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *arm-i- c,, *arm-a- m.

Latin: armus, -ī m. `der oberste Teil des Oberarms, Schulterblatt, (bei Tieren) der Vorderbug'

Russ. meaning: рука (arm)

References: WP I 72 f

Proto-IE: *arg'-

Meaning: silver

Old Indian: rajatá- n. `silver'

Avestan: ǝrǝzata- 'Silber'

Armenian: arcath `Silber'

Old Greek: árgüro-s m. `Silber'

Latin: argentum, -ī n. `Silber, Silbergerät, Silbergeld'

Other Italic: Osk aragetud `argento'; Falisc arcentelom `argentulum'

Celtic: Gaul Argento-ratum, -magus; OIr argat `Silber', MIr airget `Silber'; Cymr arian(t) `Silber', Corn argant `Silber', Bret argant `Silber', NBret arc'hant `Silber'

Russ. meaning: металл (серебро)

References: WP I 82 f

Comments: [OInd. rajata- instead of *arjata- or *r̥jata- probably on analogy with raj- 'to dye' and derivates]

Proto-IE: *arg'ip-

Meaning: hawk

Old Indian: r̥jipyá- (an epithet of śyená- `falcon')

Avestan: ǝrǝzifya- m. `Adler, Name eines Berges od. Gebirges'; ár[ks]iphos = aetòs parà Pérsois Hsch.

Other Iranian: NPers āluh `Adler' (< OPers *ardufya-)

Armenian: arcvi `Adler'

Old Greek: ai̯güpió-s m. `Geier'

Latin: accipiter, -tris m. (/ f.) `Habicht, Falke'

Russ. meaning: птица (ястреб)

References: WP I 172

Proto-IE: *arg'-/*e- <PIH *H->

Meaning: white, brilliant

Hittite: harki- `weiss, hell' (Tischler 177)

Tokharian: A ārki, B arkwi weiss (PT *ārkw(ä)i) (Adams 49-50)

Old Indian: árjuna- `white, clear'

Avestan: arǝzah- n. `Nachmitteg und Abend' (Bed. fraglich)

Old Greek: argó- `weissglänzend'; argi- in compounds; árgemo-n n., á́rgemo-s m. `weisser Fleck im Auge, albugo'

Germanic: *irk-n-a- adj.

Latin: arguō, -uī, -ūtum, -ere `mache klar, weise nach, überführe', argūtus, -a `helltönend'

Russ. meaning: белый, блестящий

References: WP I 82 f

Proto-IE: *arke- <PIH *H->

Meaning: to store, to lock, to defend

Hittite: har(k)- (I) `halten, haben' (Tischler 173ff)

Tokharian: B ārk- 'be obliged to' (Adams 49)

Armenian: argel `Hindernis', argelum `wehre, halte ab, halte zurück'

Old Greek: arkéō, aor. arkés(s)ai̯ `abwehren, helfen; hinreichen, genügen'; árkos n. `Abwehr'

Baltic: ? *rak-t-a- c.

Latin: arceo, -ēre `verschliessen, einhegen; durch Abschluss fernhalten, abwehren, verhindern'; arca `Kasten, Kiste, Lade, Geldschrank; Sarg'; arx, gen. arcis f. `feste Höhe, Burg', arcera `bedeckter Wagen'

Other Italic: Osk trííbarakavúm (< *trēb-arkā-) `aedificare'

Russ. meaning: хранить, запирать, защищать

References: WP I 80 f

Proto-IE: *ark-, *arkeut-

Meaning: a k. of thorny bush/tree

Old Indian: arká- m. `the plant Calotropis gigantea (the larger leaves are used for sacrificial ceremonies)'

Old Greek: árkeu̯tho-s f. `Wacholder, Juniperus', arkeu̯thís, -ídos f. `Wacholderbeere'

Slavic: *orkɨ̄tъ, *orkɨ̄tā `ракита', *orkosъ/*orgozъ: Czekh rákos, rokos `тростник' etc.

Baltic: *erk-š-ēt-ia- c., *erk-š-ia- c., *erk-ia- c.

Russ. meaning: дерево (колючее)

References: WP I 81

Proto-IE: *arkʷ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: bow and arrows

Germanic: *árxw-ō/*ar(g)w-ṓn- f.; *árxw-az-n-ō f.

Latin: arcus, gen. -ūs m. `Bogen, Regen-, Schwibbogen, Bogenwölbung, Kreisbogen', *arquus, gen. arquī `Bogen', arques, -itis m. `sagittarius'

Other Italic: Umbr arc̨lataf `arculatas, runde Kuchen'

Russ. meaning: лук и стрелы

References: WP I 81

Proto-IE: *ar-/e-

Meaning: lamb, kid

Armenian: oroǯ `agnus, -a', erinǯ `vitula, juvenca, bos'

Old Greek: éripho-s m., f. `junger Bock, junge Ziege'

Slavic: *ā́rъka, *ā́rę̄, *ā́rьcь

Baltic: *ē̂r-a- (1) c., *ēr-ist-ia- n.

Latin: ariēs, gen. -etis m. `Widder, Schafbock; Seewidder'

Other Italic: Umbr erietu `arietem'

Celtic: OIr heirp `dama, capra', MIr earb, fearb `Damtier'

Russ. meaning: скот (ягненок, козленок)

References: WP I 135 f

Proto-IE: *aro- <PIH *H->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to plough

Hittite: hars- (I) 'aufreissen, beackern' (Tischler 182-183, with doubts) ?

Tokharian: A, B āre `aratrum' (A < B) (Adams 49)

Armenian: *aratro-m > araur `Pflug'; *arāmōn > haravunkh `Ackerland'; varem `den Boden bebauen, besamen, ackern; führen, treiben'

Old Greek: aróō, aor. arósai̯, ft. herakl. arásanti `pflügen, ackern, pflanzen, bauen', arótǟ-s, arotḗr `Pflüger', árotro-n, kret. áratro-n `Pflug', ároto-s m. `das Pflügen, (gepflügtes) Land, Saatland, Saat(zeit), árōma `bebautes Land, Saatfeld', árosi-s `das Pflügen usw.'

Slavic: *òrjǭ, *orā́tī; *órdlo; *ortājь

Baltic: *ar̂- (2) vb. tr., *ar̂-tl-a- c.

Germanic: *ar-a-/*ar-ja- vb., *ar-ɵ-ō f., *ár-ɵl=, etc.

Latin: arō, -āvī, -āre `pflügen, ackern'

Celtic: MIr airim `pflüge'; Cymr arddu `pflügen', arddwr `Pflüger'; MIr arathar; Cymr aradr, Corn aradar, MBret aeazr, Bret arar `Pflug';

Russ. meaning: пахать

References: WP I 78 f

Proto-IE: *arw-/*e-

Meaning: field

Old Indian: urvárā f. `fertile soil, field yielding crop'

Avestan: urvarā `Pflanze'

Armenian: erkir `Erde'

Old Greek: ár[ọ̄]ra f. `Ackerland, Land'

Slavic: *orvьnъ(jь)

Baltic: *arw-a- adj.

Germanic: *irw-an- m., -ōn- f.

Latin: arvus, -a, -um `zum Pflügen bestimmt, Acker-, Saat-'; arva f.; arvum, -ī n. `Saatgefilde, Ackerland, Flur'

Other Italic: Umbr arvame-en `in arvam', ar(u)via `frumenta'

Celtic: MIr arbor, dat. arbaim, gen. (schon OIr) arbe, pl. n. a. arbanna (rr/n-St) `Getreide'; Cymr erw f., pl. erwi, erwydd `Feld', Corn erw, ereu `id.', OBret, MBret eru, Bret ero `Furche'

Russ. meaning: долина ровная

References: WP I 78 f

Proto-IE: *as- <PIH *H->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to burn, to dry; hearth; ashes

Hittite: hassa- c. 'Herd, Feuerstelle', Luw. hassaniti 'hearth' (Tischler 196-197)

Tokharian: A, B ās- 'dry out, dry up' (PT *ās-) (Adams 57-58)

Old Indian: ā́sa- m. `ashes, dust'

Armenian: azazaem `dörren', ačiun `Asche'

Old Greek: ázdō `dörren, trocknen', ázda f. `Trockenheit, Hitze', azdaléo- `dürr', lakon. acc. áddau̯o-n `ksērón' (Hsch.), azdau̯tós `palai ótēs kài kónis' (Hsch.)

Slavic: *ozdītī (Czech, OPol ozd `Malzdarre', Czech, Slovak ozditi `Malz dörren')

Germanic: *as-k-ō(n-) f., *ask-ian- n.

Latin: āreo, -ēre, -uī `trocken, dürr, ausgedörrt, verschmachtet sein', āridus, -a `trocken, dürr', ardeō, -ēre, arsī `brennen, glühen, entbrannt sein'; āra f. (OLat āsa) f. `Aufbau zum Opfern, Altar'

Other Italic: Osk aasaí `in ara', Umbr ase `arae'

Russ. meaning: жечь, гореть, сушить/сохнуть (на огне); очаг; зола

References: WH

Proto-IE: *as- <PIH *H->

Meaning: straw

Hittite: has(s)- n., hassa- c. 'Span, oder anderer holziger Teil des Seifenstrauchs' (Tischler 194-195)

Old Greek: [ḗ]ia pl. n. (-i-, but Od.2.289,410, Il.13.103 -ī-), contr. [ē̂]i̯a pl. n. (Hom.+) 'provisions for a journey'

Baltic: *as-ia- c., *as-k-a- c.

Latin: arista f. 'ость колоса; колос; рыбья кость; вставшие дыбом волосы'

Russ. meaning: солома

References: Tischler 194-195.

Proto-IE: *As[e]g-

Meaning: a k. of river fish

Slavic: *j[ē]žǯь ЭССЯ 6:60 (Pol jażdż, Czech ježdík `ерш')

Baltic: *aǯg-iā̃ f., *aǯg-ia- c., *aǯeg-[a]- m.

Germanic: *ask-ō f.

Celtic: Gaul > Lat esox, gen. -ocis (PM) `Fisch, wahrsch. Hecht' (+ Bask izokin `saumon'); Ir ēo, ē, gen. iach `Lachs'; Cymr ehawc, eog `Lachs', Corn ehoc `Lachs', gl. `isicius', l. `salmo', Bret eok `Lachs'

Russ. meaning: рыба (речная, вид)

References: WP I 102

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