Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *k(')ēl-

Meaning: invocation; to charm

Old Greek: kēléō `bezaubern, betören, besänftigen', kēlēthnó-s `Bezauberung'

Slavic: [ *xvālā, *xvālītī; *xūlā, *xūlītī ] ?

Germanic: *xṓl-a- n.; *xṓl-ō- vb.

Latin: calumnia f. `falsche Anklage, Rechtsverdrehung, Betrug, Verleumdung'

Russ. meaning: заклинание etc.

References: WP I 446

Proto-IE: *kēp-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: slanting, diametrical

Old Indian: cāpa- m., n. `bow, arc', capalá- `shaking, trembling, unsteady'

Other Iranian: NPers čap `link'

Slavic: *čāpātī, *čāpītī, -bītī

Baltic: *kap-an-ā̂-, *kap-ur-n-ā̂-, *kep-ur-nā̂-, *kap-ar-ō̂-, *kap-ur-ō̂- vb.

Russ. meaning: косой, поперечный

References: WP I 349 f

Proto-IE: *k'[ē]s-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to show, to lead

Old Indian: śā́ste, śāsti `to correct, censure, control, teach', ptc. aor. śiṣánt- `teaching', ptc. śiṣṭá- `taught, controlled, shown'; śāstar- `chastiser, punisher'; śāstrá- n. `order, command; treatise'

Avestan: sāsti `heisst, lehrt'; sāstar- `Gebieter, Machthaber, Fürst'

Armenian: sast `Schelte, Vorwurf, Drohung, Strenge, Autorität', sastem `schelte, drohe, schärfe ein, gebiete', sastik `heftig'

Russ. meaning: указывать, руководить

References: WP I 358

Proto-IE: *kēt- (-th-)

Meaning: to commend, to scold

Old Indian: katthate `to boast, praise, flatter; abuse, revile'; kātkr̥ta- `insulted, dishonoured'

Old Greek: kōtílo- `schwätzend', kōtíllō `schwätze'

Baltic: *kat-il-in̂- vb.

Germanic: *xē[ɵ]-a- n.; *xad-r=; *xōd-ō f., *xōd-ē- vb.

Russ. meaning: хвалить, ругать

References: WP I 384 (differently in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *k'[ē]w-, *k'wā-

Meaning: to swell, to to spread out, to be strong, etc.

Old Indian: śváyati `to swell, grow', śuná- n. `growth, success, welfare', śávas- n. `strength, power, might', śūna- `swollen, grown'; śū́ra- `strong, powerful, valiant; m. hero'; śotha- m. `swelling'; śvātrá- `invigorating, strengthening, strong', n. `strengthening food or drink'; śáśvant- `continuous, endless, numerous, frequent'

Avestan: sūra- `stark, gewaltig'; spā(y)- `aufschwellen'

Old Greek: küéō, sp. kǘō, aor. ékǖsa, kǖ́sasthai̯ `schwanger sein, werden', kǘos n. `Leibesfrucht, Fötus, Embryo', éŋküo- `schwanger', á-kǖro- `ohne Rechtskraft, ungültig', kǖ́rio-s m. `Herr, Herrscher, Besitzer' || dor., ark., Pind., Sol. etc. aor. pā́sasthai̯, pf. pépamai̯ `besitzen, erwerben', ark., arg., kret. pā̂ma, pl. böot. ta ppamata n. `Besitz'; pátores = ktḗtores Phot., pātḗr `Besutzer'

Baltic: *čau-l-i- c., *čū-t-i- c., *čū̂-k-ā̂ f.

Germanic: *xū-n-a- m.; *xu-nd=

Latin: inciēns, -entis `trächtig'

Celtic: Gaul Kauaros, Cavarillus, Cymr cawr, Corn caur `Riese'

Russ. meaning: пухнуть, разрастаться, иметь силу etc.

References: WP I 365 f

Proto-IE: *kēwp-, *kwēp-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to smoke, to boil

Hittite: kup- (I) 'planen, konspirieren' (Tischler 638 f)

Tokharian: A kāp-, B kāp- / kāw- (PT *kāp-) 'desire, crave, want' (Adams 151-152)

Old Indian: kupyati `to be moved, excited, agitated, be angry', kopa- m. `fury, passion, anger'; copati `to move'; kupāyú- `inclined to be angry'

Old Greek: kapnó-s m. `Rauch, Dampf, Dunst', hom. apò (dè psükhǟ̀n) ekápüssen `hauchte aus', kápüssen; kápo-s m. 'breath' Eust., Hsch., kápü-s id. Hsch.; 3 sg. eŋkáptei = eŋkapheî Hsch.; pf. 3 sg. kék[ē]phe `умереть' Hsch., hom. kekaph[ē]óta `aushauchend'

Slavic: *kɨ̄pḗtī, *kvā́pītī; *k(v)opotь

Baltic: *kwap-a- c., *kwep-ē̂- vb., Lith *kwē̃p- (*kwep-ja-) / Lett *kwē̂p- (2) vb., *kwē̂p-ē̂- (2) vb., *kwē̂p- (2) vb. intr. (Lett), *kwep- vb. intr., *kwap-ac., *kwap-u- adj., *kū̂p- (2) vb., *kū̂p-ē̂- (*kū̂p-a-) (2) vb., *kwē̂p-ia- (2) c., *kū̆p-[s]-in-[a]- m.

Germanic: *xwap-ja- vb., *xwap-a- n.

Latin: cupio, -ere, cupīvī, -ītum `(heftig) begehren, wünschen', cuppēs, -ēdis m. `Naschmaul, Feinschmecker; vapor (OLat vapōs), -ōris m. `Dunst, Dampf, Hitze, Gluthauch; Erregung'; vapidus, -a `kahmig', vappa f., vapiō f. `kahmiger Wein'

Albanian: kapitem `atme schwer'

Russ. meaning: дымить(ся), кипеть

References: WP I 379 f, Buck 73.

Proto-IE: *k'ēy-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to sharpen, to grind

Old Indian: śiśāti, śinoti, śyati `to whet, sharpen', aor. aśāiṣīt, aśāt, aśīta, ptc. śitá-; śāṇa- (L. śāna-) m. `whetstone, grindstone'

Avestan: saēni-š `Spitze, Wipfel'

Other Iranian: NPers sān, afsān, pām, pasān `Wetzstein'

Armenian: sur `scharf'; sur, gen. sroy `Schwert, Dolch, Messer, Rasiermesser'; sair `Schneide'

Old Greek: kō̂no-s m. `Pinienzapfen, Kegel'

Germanic: *xain-ō f.

Latin: cōs, gen. cōtis f. `Wetz-, Schleifstein', cōtēs/cautēs `spitzer Fels'

Russ. meaning: заострять, точить

References: WP I 454 f

Proto-IE: *k'ēy(w)-, *k'yē(w)-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: grey

Tokharian: ? B kwele ( < *kiwo-lo-) 'black, dark grey' (Adams 239)

Old Indian: śyāvá- `dark-brown, brown, dark'; śyāmá- `black, dark blue or brown or grey or green' (with -y- on analogy with śyāvá-); śārá- `variegated'

Avestan: syāva- 'schwarz'; sāma- 'schwarz'

Old Greek: kīrró- `rotgelb, gelbbraun'

Slavic: *sīvъ(jь), *sīnjьjь; *śḗrъ(jь)

Baltic: *čī̂w-a-/*čī̃w-a- adj., *čī̃w-ia-/*čī̂w-ia- c., *čē̂-m-a- / *čē̃-m-a- adj.

Germanic: *xaiw-in-a-, *xair-u-, *xair-i- adj.

Latin: caerulus, caeruleus `tief-, dunkelblau, ultramarin'

Celtic: Ir cīar (< *kei̯ro-) `dunkel'

Russ. meaning: серый, сивый

References: WP I 360 f, 420; Buck 67.

Proto-IE: *kǝnod- (kh-)

Meaning: to bite

Old Indian: khā́dati `to chew, bite, eat', khādana- m. `tooth'

Other Iranian: NPers xāyīdan `essen, kauen'

Armenian: xacanem `beisse, pungo'

Old Greek: knṓdōn, -ontos m. `Schwert', pl. `Zähne am Schwert od. am Jagdspiess, Schwerthaken', pl. `die den Schwertgriff gegen die Klinge abgrenzenden Zähne oder Haken'; knṓdāk-s, -ākos `Zapfe, Achse', knṓdalo-n n. `wildes od. schädliches Tier'; knadállō = knáō Hsch.

Slavic: *kǭsъ, *kǭsātī, -ī́tī; *kǭ̃dъkъ (Pol kądek `Bissen, Stück, Brocken')

Baltic: *kan̂d- (*kan̂d-a-) (2) vb. tr.

Russ. meaning: кусать

References: WP I 341

Proto-IE: *k'ip- (-ph-)

Meaning: twig

Old Indian: śíphā f. `a fibrous or flexible root, a lash or stroke with a whip or rod'

Baltic: *čip-ul-ia- c., *čip-s-n-ā̂ f.

Latin: cippus, -ī m. `spitzer Schanzpfahl, spitze Säule aus Holz oder Stein'

Albanian: thep, pl. -a m. `sharp projection, dent'; tsep `Stich, Ecke, Winkel'

Russ. meaning: прут

References: WP I 346, 452

Proto-IE: *klAup-, -b-

Meaning: to spring, to stumble

Slavic: *klɨ̄pātī (> Belor клыпаць 'hinken')

Baltic: *klup- vb. intr., *klū̂p-ā- vb. (1?), *klaũp- (-ja-) vb.; *klub- vb. intr., *klub-ur-a- c., *kluP-s-t-[a]- m.

Germanic: *xlaup-a- vb.; *xlaup-a- m., n., *xlaup-an- m., *xlaup-t-i- c., *xlaup-t-a- m.

Russ. meaning: прыгать, спотыкаться

Comments: Cf. *k'lewǝ-, *k'leub- 'lame'

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