Long-range etymologies : Query result

Borean (approx.) : CVWV

Meaning : to wish, let

Eurasiatic : *šVwV

Afroasiatic : *ŝV(h)w/y- 'wish' (Sem., Eg., Cush.)

Sino-Caucasian : ? ST *caw ( ~ ć-, -e-) 'wish, like'

Reference : ND 2236.

Borean (approx.) : CVWV

Meaning : say, sound

Eurasiatic : *čVwV ( ~ *č`-)

Afroasiatic : *cVway/H-

Notes : (Cf. also PafAs *čabVḥ-)

Reference : Suggested by V. Glumov.

Borean (approx.) : CVWV

Meaning : sea, water

Eurasiatic : *sVjɣwV

Notes : So far attested only in Nostratic.

Borean (approx.) : HV

Meaning : negative verb

Eurasiatic : *ʔe

Afroasiatic : *ʔy- (+Eg. w-)

Sino-Caucasian : *ɦwV

Austric : PAA *ʔuh 'negative, not', MY *ha, PAN *aqa

Borean (approx.) : HV

Meaning : to be

Eurasiatic : *ʔa ?

Afroasiatic : Berb. *iha (in afaset < *h(w)y), ? Eg., Sem. *-a

Sino-Caucasian : *ʔa

Reference : ND 2, 107.

Borean (approx.) : HV

Meaning : that, this

Eurasiatic : *ʔa (*ʔe)

Afroasiatic : *ha- (Sem., Om., Berb.)

Sino-Caucasian : *ʔ[a]

Austric : MY *a that

Amerind (misc.) : *ha 'that' (R 739) [+ A K]

African (misc.) : Macro-Khoisan *Ha.

Reference : ND 751, 752.

Borean (approx.) : HV

Meaning : this

Eurasiatic : *ʔi (*hi)

Afroasiatic : ESem. *ji- 'this', Eg. *Vj, Berb. *ʔaj-

Sino-Caucasian : *ʔi

Austric : PAN *ia, PAA *ʔE 'this, that'

Amerind (misc.) : *iʔ 'he / she' (R 363) [+ A]; *ya 'that' (R 738) [+ A K]

Reference : GE 119 *ʔi.

Borean (approx.) : HV

Meaning : that, this

Eurasiatic : *ʔu

Afroasiatic : *ʔu (*hu) [here probably also *wV- 'one']

Sino-Caucasian : *ʔu ( ~ *hu)

Austric : ? MY *ʔV 'one'; *u / *wV that

Amerind (misc.) : *hu 'one' (R 531); *wi 'this' (R 747) [+ A]; *wi ~ *wa 'two (actually 'other')' (R 792) [+ A K]

Reference : ND 754.

Borean (approx.) : HV

Meaning : thou (obl. forms?) [2nd p. pronoun]

Eurasiatic : *χwV

Afroasiatic : ? *kV thou

Sino-Caucasian : *xGwV

Austric : PAN *kaw, MY *gaɨ thou

Amerind (misc.) : *a- 'thou' (R 753), *hi 'thou' (R 756) [+ A K]; *ka 'thou' (R 754) [+ A]; *kai 'we inclusive; thou' (R 840)

Reference : Here also Ainu *e 'thou'?

Borean (approx.) : HVCRV

Meaning : star, shine

Eurasiatic : *HVźVrV

Afroasiatic : *ĉahar- 'moon'; + *zVhr- 'shine' (Sem., Berb.)

Sino-Caucasian : *ʒwhắrī

Reference : ND 2679.

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : to be

Eurasiatic : *ʔesA

Afroasiatic : *ʔaw/yas- ??

Sino-Caucasian : *=ä̆sÁ

Notes : Cf. Ainu *as- 'stand'.

Reference : МССНЯ 333, ОСНЯ 1, 268-270; ND 85 (Dolg. lists also different SH forms - Sem. *ʔiš- etc., and in ND 86 - Sem. *ʔišš- 'basis, foundation' plus some Cush. and Chad. forms meaning 'sit').

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : to burn

Eurasiatic : *HaSe

Afroasiatic : *ʔes-

Amerind (misc.) : *ʔisu 'fire' (R 259) [+ A]; cf. also *hasi 'sun' (R 709) [+ K]

Reference : ОСНЯ 1, 127-128; GE 50 *ʔes.

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : early

Eurasiatic : *ʔVCV

Sino-Caucasian : *HV́c̣V

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : to cut

Eurasiatic : *ɣVčV ( ~ -č`-)

Afroasiatic : *ʕVĉ̣- 'divide, separate'

Sino-Caucasian : *=íčV(w) (or NC *=Vwc̣Ā 'plane, hew', *HăjʒV̄ 'chisel')

Reference : ND 732.

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : sick, ill

Eurasiatic : *ēco ( ~ -ć-, -č-)

Afroasiatic : *ʔaĉVw-/*ʔaĉVy-

Sino-Caucasian : *ʔá̆ʒV

Austric : PAA *ʒǝj / *ʒɨǝj 'ill, sick'

Reference : Peiros 1989, 130. PAA may be < ST.

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : brother, sister

Sino-Caucasian : *=ɨ̆́ćĭ

Austric : PAA *cVj 'sibling', Munda Kar. aʒi, PAN *Suaji '(younger) sibling'

Notes : Cf. Ur. *ećV 'younger brother, younger sister'?

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : dog

Afroasiatic : *yaŝ- ~ *wayŝ-

Austric : PAN *asu, PAA *ʔǝcɔ 'dog'

Amerind (misc.) : *ciʔ ~ *cuʔ 'dog' (R 181) [+ K] (also *waš 'dog' 186 [+ A]; *ʔawCi 'dog' under *ʔaw 'fox' R 292)

Notes : [In my opinion, the WChad. form *ʔac- should be rather split between two roots: there is also a *Hid- in Afroasiatic - S.A.S].

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : one

Afroasiatic : *ʔVs-

Sino-Caucasian : *HVcǝ̆́

Austric : PAN *asa / *esa 'one'

Amerind (misc.) : *as 'one' (R 529) [+ K]; also *saka (actually *as-ka) 'one' (R 527) [+ K]

Reference : Peiros 1989, 129.

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : to see, perceive

Eurasiatic : *ʔVwCV(HV) (cf. also *ʔincV)

Afroasiatic : *ʔi/uǯn- ~ ʔi/udn-

Sino-Caucasian : *=ămsṭĔ́

Austric : *cVj 'ear' (? perhaps alternatively comparable with Ainu *kisara)

Amerind (misc.) : *isa 'ear, hear' ? (R 201) [+ A]; *asa ~ *aša 'eye' (R 233) [+ A]; *ʔica 'see' (R 611)

African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *c̮^kV^ŋ "to see".

Notes : Many problems: phonology (*-m- / -w-?); attribution of IE 'ear'; variation *-ǯ- / -d- in SH; unclear relationship of Sem. *ħzy/w 'see' and NC (Nakh, HU) *χV̆c̣V 'hear'. This and the distinction of two roots in FU suggests that we are dealing with two original roots, hard to distinguish.

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : bone

Eurasiatic : *HV(w)čV

Afroasiatic : ? Sem. *ʕVĉ̣ā/īĉ̣- or *ʕač̣m- bone; perhaps also PSH *ʔic- 'tooth'?

Sino-Caucasian : ? Basq. *esur 'bone'

Austric : PAN *isi 'tooth'

Amerind (misc.) : ?? *tui (actually - *cui) 'bone' (R 82); ? *asiʔ 'foot' (R 288) [+ A K]; *(w-)iš ~ *(w-)asi 'hand' (R 346) [+ A]; *ca 'rib' (R 569)