Notes :A Nilgiri isogloss. Burrow & Emeneau imply a dental -r-, but an alveolar -r_- is equally possible due to a peculiar development in this kind of cluster (cf., for instance, *ir_umbu 'ant' > Kota irb, Toda ɨrb). If so, the word is clearly comparable with Kan. ar_ambe 'digestion' and may simply represent a figurative extension of that meaning, especially considering that the element of satiation is important for the Nilgiri semantics; see PSDR *ar_-.
Tamil meaning :to speak, sound; n. sound, word, reply
Kannada :ar_acu, ar_icu, ar_ucu, arcu
Kannada meaning :to cry out aloud, clamour, scream
Kannada derivates :racce crying aloud, noisy and abusive clamour
Tulu :areduni
Tulu meaning :to low
Miscellaneous :KOR (T) ajike speech
Number in DED :0319
Proto-South Dravidian :*ar_-ai-
Meaning :to slap, beat
Tamil :ar_ai (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning :to slap, beat (as a drum), hammer, cut in pieces, hack, beat upon (as wind, waves); n. slap, blow, dashing as of waves, wave, cutting, chopping
Tamil derivates :(Koll.) areccal a blow
Malayalam :ar_a
Malayalam meaning :a blow
Malayalam derivates :ar_ayuka to beat hard, (rain) pelts, beat drums
Kannada :ar_e
Kannada meaning :to strike, slap, beat; n. a slap, stroke
Notes :If the forms compared in DEDR are all related, only a form like *ar_ir- can explain all the phonetic diversity. In Tulu the development *-r_i- > -ji- is regular. In the other languages the change of *r_ to y or d is triggered by dissimilation with the following -r-; dissimilation may also underlie the dialectal -l in Tamil. This is, however, not the main root for 'iron' in SDR and has no parallels outside that subgroup; an external source should probably be looked for.
Tamil derivates :acumpu soft mud, miry place; ayam mud, mire
Malayalam :ayam
Malayalam meaning :mud, mire
Malayalam derivates :ayar_u manure
Notes :Tamil, Mal. ayam 'mud, mire' may actually be connected with a different root, cf. PSDR *aja-; if so, semantic contamination between the two must be supposed.
Tamil derivates :acakku (acakki-), ayakku (ayakki-) to shake (tr.); acai (-v-, -nt-) to move, stir, go away; (-pp-, -tt-) to shake (tr.), move, agitate; n. cud, sling for carrying or preserving ōla books; acaivu shaking, moving about, swinging; ayar (-v-, -nt-) to drive, as a chariot
Malayalam :ayakka, ayekka
Malayalam meaning :to send, let go, leave, slacken, loosen
Malayalam derivates :ayaccal being loose, untied; ayappu sending, slackening; ayappikka to make to send, get oneself dismissed, take leave; ayayuka to slacken; aya, ayavu rumination; ayavu elasticity; ayar_uka to chew the cud
Kannada :asi
Kannada meaning :to move, shake, tremble, dangle, pendulate; to throw away, scatter, disperse
Kannada derivates :asavasa haste, speed; asimisi without deliberation; asu quickness, haste; asumbu to cause to move about, shake, agitate
Kodagu :ay- (ayp-, ayc-)
Kodagu meaning :to send
Notes :It is well possible there are actually two roots contaminated in this entry, one represented by Tam. acai, acaŋku, etc., the other represented by Tam. ayar, Mal. ayakka, Kod. ay-, etc. Dialectal alternations of -s-/-j- in the auslaut position are rather common, of course, but in Kod. we should expect -s-, not -j-, and the difference between Tam. acakku/ayakku and ayar is rather striking. However, internal derivation is still not excluded, so for the moment we prefer to keep both variants in the same entry.
