Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *jaŋɨŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lonely, single

Russian meaning: одинокий, единственный

Old Turkic: jaŋus (Yen.)

Sary-Yughur: jaŋɣɨs

Turkmen: jaŋɣɨz (dial.)

Khakassian: čaɣɨs, naɣɨs

Oyrat: d'aŋɨs

Yakut: soɣotox

Tuva: čaŋɨs; jaŋɣɨs (Todzh.)

Tofalar: ńū~s

Kirghiz: ǯaŋɣɨz

Bashkir: jaŋɣɨz

Balkar: ǯaŋɣɨz

Comments: VEWT 187, ДТС 235, ЭСТЯ 4, 98. Usually regarded as a contraction < jalaŋɣuz, which is probably wrong in the face of external evidence.

Proto-Turkic: *jAp-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to make, create, arrange

Russian meaning: делать, создавать, приготовлять

Old Turkic: jap- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jap- (MK)

Turkish: jap-

Tatar: jap- (dial.)

Middle Turkic: jap- (Ettuhf.)

Uighur: jap- (dial.)

Gagauz: jap-

Comments: EDT 870-871; ЭСТЯ 4, 126-127, where arguments are given in favour of separating this verb from *jap- 'to cover'.

Proto-Turkic: *jap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to cover; to close, shut (the door)

Russian meaning: покрывать; закрывать (дверь)

Karakhanid: jap- (MK)

Tatar: jap-

Middle Turkic: jap- (AH, Ettuhf., Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: jɔp-

Uighur: jap-

Azerbaidzhan: jap- (dial.)

Turkmen: jap-

Khakassian: čap-

Shor: čap-

Oyrat: jap-, d́ap-

Yakut: sap-

Dolgan: hap-

Tuva: šɨp-

Kirghiz: ǯap-

Kazakh: žap-

Noghai: jap-

Bashkir: jap-

Balkar: ǯap-, žap-, zap-

Karaim: jap-

Karakalpak: žap-

Kumyk: jap-

Comments: VEWT 187, EDT 870-871; ЭСТЯ 4, 127-128 (with a careful distinction of *jap- 'create, make' and *jap- 'cover'), Stachowski 96-97. Derivates mean 'cloth, covering' (see Лексика 545).

Proto-Turkic: *jap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to smooth, level 2 flat

Russian meaning: 1 выравнивать, сглаживать 2 плоский

Karakhanid: japur- (MK) 1

Middle Turkic: japalaq 2 (R.)

Uighur: japilaq 2

Azerbaidzhan: japɨG 2

Tuva: čɨ`pɨt 2

Kirghiz: ǯapalaq 2

Karaim: japalaq 2

Kumyk: japalaq 2

Comments: ЭСТЯ 4, 16-17, 130, EDT 879.

Proto-Turkic: *jap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to lap 2 greedy 3 lickerish

Russian meaning: 1 лакать, жадно пить 2 жадный 3 лакомый

Khakassian: jabɨlɨɣ 2 R 3, 281 (Koib., Kach.); čapla-t- 1, čapsɨx 3

Oyrat: japla-t- 1

Yakut: sabɨrɣā- 1

Comments: A local Siberian root.

Proto-Turkic: *jAp-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a mass of hair or wool

Russian meaning: масса, клубок волос или шерсти

Karakhanid: jap, japɣut, japaqu (MK)

Turkish: japaɨ

Tatar: jabaɣa

Middle Turkic: japaq (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: ǯabiqa

Azerbaidzhan: japaq, japaɣɨ (dial.)

Turkmen: japaGɨ

Kirghiz: ǯabaɣa

Kazakh: žabaɣɨ

Noghai: jabaɣɨ

Bashkir: jabaɣɨ

Balkar: ǯabaɣɨ, zabaɣɨ

Gagauz: japā

Karaim: japaɣa

Karakalpak: žabaɣɨ

Kumyk: jabaɣɨ

Comments: EDT 870, 874-875, ЭСТЯ 4, 125-126. Turk. > Hung. gyapjú (< *ǯapaɣu), see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *japal

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: spleen

Russian meaning: селезенка

Tuva: čavana, Todzh. (Рас. ФиЛ, 194) čɨ'val

Tofalar: ča'p`al

Comments: An isolated Sayan root.

Proto-Turkic: *jạp-ɨĺč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to glue, stick to

Russian meaning: приклеиваться, прилипать

Old Turkic: japɨš- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: japuš-, japɨš- (MK)

Turkish: japɨš-

Tatar: jabɨš-

Middle Turkic: japɨš- (AH, Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jɔpiš-

Uighur: jepiš-, jopuš-

Azerbaidzhan: japɨš-

Turkmen: japɨš-

Halaj: japuš-

Chuvash: śɨbъś-

Yakut: sɨsɨn- šɨbā - 'to plaster, smear'

Tuva: čɨ'pšɨn-

Kirghiz: ǯabɨš-

Kazakh: žabɨs-

Noghai: jabɨs-

Bashkir: jäbeš-

Balkar: žabɨš-

Gagauz: japɨš-

Karaim: japɨš-, japuš-, jabuš-

Karakalpak: žabɨs-

Kumyk: jabuš-, jabɨš-

Comments: VEWT 187, ЭСТЯ 4, 132-133, EDT 880-881. The deriving stem *jạp- is probably preserved in Karakh. (MK) jap- 'stick to', Az. jap- 'to model dung for drying' and *jap-ma 'modelled dung' (see ЭСТЯ 4, 130, 133); thus the analysis of *jạp-ɨĺč- as reciprocal from *jap- 'make, create' or 'cover' (EDT ibid.) is certainly incorrect.

Proto-Turkic: *japɨĺgak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 small louse 2 nit 3 a k. of gad-fly 4 leech

Russian meaning: 1 маленькая вошь 2 гнида 3 вид овода 4 пиявка

Tatar: jabɨšqaq 2, 3

Turkmen: japɨšaq 1

Oyrat: japšɨq, d́apšɨq 3

Bashkir: jäbeškɛk 1, 2

Gagauz: japɨšqan 4

Comments: ЭСТЯ 4, 134.

Proto-Turkic: *jạpɨtak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: without saddle

Russian meaning: без седла

Karakhanid: jabɨtaq (MK)

Turkish: japɨldaq (dial.)

Uighur: jawdaq

Sary-Yughur: jabɨtaq

Turkmen: japbɨllaq

Khakassian: čabdax

Shor: čabɨdaq

Oyrat: d́abɨdaq

Yakut: sɨbɨdax

Tuva: čawɨdaq

Gagauz: jalburdaq

Comments: EDT 873, ЭСТЯ 4, 49-50.

Proto-Turkic: *japur-gak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: leaf

Russian meaning: лист

Old Turkic: japɨrɣaq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: japurɣaq (MK)

Turkish: japrak

Tatar: jafraq

Middle Turkic: japɨrɣan (Abush.), j[a]praq (MA)

Uzbek: japrɔq

Uighur: jopurmaq

Azerbaidzhan: jarpaG

Turkmen: japraq

Oyrat: d́albɨraq

Yakut: sebirdex

Dolgan: hebirdek

Tuva: čövüree 'bark'

Tofalar: čö'prää 'bark'

Kirghiz: ǯalbɨraq

Kazakh: žapɨraq

Noghai: japɨraq

Bashkir: japraq

Balkar: čapraq

Gagauz: japraq

Karaim: japrax

Karakalpak: žapɨraq

Salar: järfɨχ

Kumyk: japraq

Comments: VEWT 188, EDT 879-80, ЭСТЯ 4, 130-132, Лексика 111-112, Stachowski 100. Clauson derives *japur-gak from *japur- 'to smoothe, level', which is an obvious contamination - just as the contamination with *jalpɨ- 'flat' (v. sub *dĕ̀lp`à) in some languages.

Proto-Turkic: *jar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to shine 2 to dawn 3 light 4 candle

Russian meaning: 1 светить 2 рассветать 3 свет 4 свеча

Old Turkic: jaru- 1, jaruq 3 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaru- 1, jaruq 3 (MK)

Turkish: jarɨk 3 (dial.)

Tatar: jarɨq 3 (dial.)

Middle Turkic: jarɨ- (AH), jaru- (Abush.) 1, jaruq 3 (Бор. Бад., Abush.)

Uzbek: jɔri- 1, jɔruɣ 3

Uighur: joru- 1, joruq 3

Turkmen: jarɨq 3 (dial.)

Khakassian: čarɨ- 1, čarɨx 3

Shor: čar-, čarɨ- 1

Oyrat: jar-, d́arɨ- 1, d́arɨq 3

Chuvash: śor-da 4

Yakut: sarā- 2 (but also sɨrdā-)

Dolgan: hɨrdā- 2

Tuva: čɨrɨ- 1, čarɨq 3

Kirghiz: ǯar-, ǯarɨ- 1, ǯarɨq 3

Kazakh: žarɨq 3

Noghai: jarɨq 3

Bashkir: jarɨq 3 (dial.)

Balkar: ǯarɨq 3

Karaim: jarɨ- 1, jarɨq, jarɨx 3

Karakalpak: žarɨq 3

Salar: jarux 3

Kumyk: jarɨq 3

Comments: EDT 956, 962, 963, ЭСТЯ 4, 134-135, VEWT 189 (there are hardly reasons to consider the Chuv. word a borrowing), Федотов 2, 145, Stachowski 119. Turk. (Bulg.?) > Hung. gyertya 'candle', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *jạr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 order 2 announcement, call 3 judge 4 law, justice

Russian meaning: 1 приказ 2 объявление, клич 3 судья 4 закон, правосудие

Old Turkic: jar-lɨɣ 1,2 (OUygh.), jarɣan 3

Karakhanid: jar-lɨɣ 1,2 (MK)

Turkish: jar, ǯar 2 (dial.)

Tatar: jar 2, jarlɨq 1

Middle Turkic: jar 2 (Abush.), jar-lɨɣ 1,2 (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jarɣu 4, dial. ǯar 2

Uighur: ǯar 2

Azerbaidzhan: ǯar 2 (dial.)

Turkmen: jarlɨq 1, dial. ǯar 2

Oyrat: d́ar 2

Chuvash: śɨrlъx 1

Tuva: čar 2

Kirghiz: ǯar 2

Kazakh: žar 2

Karakalpak: žar 2

Comments: VEWT 188-9, EDT 966-7, ЭСТЯ 4, 18-20 (one can hardly agree with Clauson that jarlɨɣ is a loan from an unknown source). Mong. loans from Turk. are widely spread: Mong. ǯar 'announcement', ǯarqu, ǯarɣu 'judgement, court', ǯarliq 'order', ǯarɣuči 'judge' (see TMN 1, 278, 4, 58-66, 157, Щербак 1997, 123).

Proto-Turkic: *jạŕ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to write

Russian meaning: писать

Karakhanid: jaz- (MK Oghuz.)

Turkish: jaz-

Tatar: jaz-

Middle Turkic: jaz- (Pav. C., Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jɔz-

Uighur: jaz-

Azerbaidzhan: jaz-

Turkmen: jaz-

Halaj: jaz-

Chuvash: śɨr-

Kirghiz: ǯaz-

Kazakh: žaz-

Noghai: jaz-

Bashkir: jaδ-

Balkar: ǯaz-, zaz-

Gagauz: jaz-

Karaim: jaz-

Karakalpak: žaz-

Kumyk: jaz-

Comments: VEWT 193, ЭСТЯ 4, 70-71, EDT 984. Turk. > Hung. ír- (MNyTESz 2, 227-228).

Proto-Turkic: *jAr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 thin, lean 2 poor 3 flat

Russian meaning: 1 тонкий, тощий 2 бедный 3 плоский

Old Turkic: jarlɨɣ 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jarlɨɣ 2 (MK)

Tatar: jarlɨ 2

Middle Turkic: jarlɨɣ 2 (R., Буд.)

Turkmen: jarlɨ 2 (dial.)

Oyrat: jartɨčaq 3

Tuva: čarɨɣ-da- 1

Kirghiz: ǯarō 1, ǯardɨ, ǯarlɨ, ǯarɨlɨ 2

Kazakh: žara- 1, žar(ɨ)lɨ 2

Noghai: jarlɨ- 2

Bashkir: jarlɨ 2

Balkar: žarlɨ, zarlɨ 2

Karaim: jarlɨ 2

Karakalpak: žarlɨ 2

Kumyk: jarlɨ 2

Comments: EDT 967, VEWT 189, 190, ЭСТЯ 4, 143, Лексика 334-335. The most widely spread form, attested since Old Uyghur, is *jar-lɨ(g) 'poor'; the evidence of Oyr., Tuva, Kirgh. and Kaz., however, suggests the existence of a primary stem *jar(ɨ)- 'thin, lean'. Turk. > Hung. gyarló 'sinful' (< *jarlɨɣ), see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *jar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: armour

Russian meaning: панцирь, доспехи

Old Turkic: jarɨq (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: jarɨq (MK)

Middle Turkic: jarɨq (AH)

Comments: EDT 962, VEWT 190, ЭСТЯ 4, 147. Modern languages widely reflect *jarak 'weapon, armour' (Kirgh. ǯaraq, Uygh. jaraq etc., see ЭСТЯ 4, 139). This seems to be a contamination of the earlier attested *jarag 'readiness, opportunity' (derived from *jara- 'to be fit, suitable' q. v. sub *ǯắra; see EDT ibid.) and *jarɨk 'armour'.

Proto-Turkic: *jar- / *jer-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bat

Russian meaning: летучая мышь

Karakhanid: jersgü, jerise (MK Chigil)

Turkish: jarasa, jarasɨk

Tatar: jar-qanat

Middle Turkic: jarasa (AH), jar-qanat (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jɔr-qanɔt

Azerbaidzhan: jarasa

Turkmen: jarasa (dial.), jarɣānat

Khakassian: čar-xanat

Oyrat: jar-ɣanat, d́ar-ɣanat

Chuvash: śara-śerźi

Yakut: sarɨ̄ kɨnat

Tuva: ča'sqɨ

Kirghiz: ǯar-ɣanat

Kazakh: žar-qanat

Noghai: jar-ɣanat

Bashkir: jar-ɣanat

Gagauz: jarasa

Karaim: jeri qanatɨ

Karakalpak: žar-ɣanat

Salar: jeresen

Kumyk: jar-qanat

Comments: EDT 972, VEWT 189, TMN 4, 143, ЭСТЯ 4, 140-141, Лексика 168. The word is etymologically difficult because of the unclear suffix *-sa / *-se attested in early forms and some of the modern reflexes. In most modern languages the word is folk-etymologically rebuilt as *jarɨ-Kiajnat 'film-wing' (or 'naked sparrow' in Chuv.).

Proto-Turkic: *jara-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be beneficial, useful, successful

Russian meaning: годиться, быть годным, полезным

Old Turkic: jara- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jara- (MK)

Turkish: jara-

Tatar: jara-

Middle Turkic: jara- (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jara-

Uighur: jara-

Sary-Yughur: jara-

Azerbaidzhan: jara-

Turkmen: jara-

Khakassian: čara-

Shor: čara-

Oyrat: jara-, d́ara-

Halaj: jara-

Chuvash: śoraś- 'to reconcile'

Kirghiz: ǯara-

Kazakh: žara-

Noghai: jara-

Bashkir: jara-

Balkar: zaras-

Gagauz: jara-

Karaim: jara-

Karakalpak: žara-

Salar: jara-

Kumyk: jara-

Comments: EDT 956, VEWT 189, ЭСТЯ 4, 137-139, TMN 4, 56-57, 144, Федотов 2, 141. Turk. caus. *jarat- > Hung. gyárt- 'to produce' (Gombocz 1912).

Proto-Turkic: *jara

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wound

Russian meaning: рана

Turkish: jara

Tatar: jara

Middle Turkic: jara (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jara

Uighur: jara

Azerbaidzhan: jara

Turkmen: jara

Halaj: jāra

Kirghiz: ǯara

Kazakh: žara

Noghai: jara

Balkar: ǯara, žara, zara

Gagauz: jara

Karakalpak: žara

Kumyk: jara

Comments: VEWT 189, ЭСТЯ 4, 139-140. Turk. > WMong. jara, Kalm. jarǝ (KW 215, Щербак 1997, 123, TMN 4, 54-55). Usually regarded as derived from *jār- 'split' (q. v. sub *p`i̯ā́rV), which may be possible if Khalaj length is original; however, shortness in Turkm. jara, as well as the probable connection with Mong. *sirka 'wound' is contradicting it.

Proto-Turkic: *jargun

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: some kind of wild quadruped

Russian meaning: вид дикого четвероногого

Old Turkic: jarɣun (Orkh., OUygh.-YB)

Khakassian: čarɣɨn '2-year-old bear-cub' (Борг.)

Tuva: čarɨ 'a producent reindeer'

Kirghiz: jarɣɨn 'a mongrel of a yak and cow'

Comments: EDT 963.