Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *gẹr-tü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: true, truth

Russian meaning: верный, правда

Old Turkic: kertü, kert-gün- 'believe' (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kertü 'oath, truth', kert-gün- 'believe' (MK, KB)

Turkish: ger-ček

Azerbaidzhan: ger-čäk

Turkmen: ger-ček

Khakassian: kirtǝ-n- 'believe'

Yakut: kirdik, kirǯik

Dolgan: kirdik

Noghai: kerti

Balkar: kerti

Gagauz: ger-ček

Karaim: kerti, ker-ček

Kumyk: gerti

Comments: VEWT 257, EDT 738, 741, ЭСТЯ 3, 28-31, Stachowski 149.

Proto-Turkic: *gErü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: back

Russian meaning: назад, сзади

Old Turkic: kerü (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kerü (MK)

Turkish: geri

Tatar: kire

Middle Turkic: kerü (MA)

Azerbaidzhan: geri

Kirghiz: keri

Kazakh: keri

Noghai: keri

Balkar: kire

Gagauz: gēri

Karakalpak: keri

Kumyk: geri

Comments: ЭСТЯ 3, 27. Turk. > MMong. geru (SH) 'back side'.

Proto-Turkic: *gErüĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to quarrel, fight, wrestle

Russian meaning: ссориться, драться, бороться

Old Turkic: keriš- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: keriš- (MK), küreš- (MK, KB)

Turkish: güreš-

Tatar: köräš-

Middle Turkic: küreš- (MA), güreš- (Sangl.)

Uzbek: kuraš-

Uighur: küräš-

Azerbaidzhan: güläš-

Turkmen: göreš-

Khakassian: küres-

Shor: küreš-

Oyrat: keriš-, küreš-

Chuvash: kǝreš-

Yakut: küres 'wrestling'

Tuva: xüres-

Tofalar: xireš-, xüreš- ; xire- 'to start a fight'

Kirghiz: keriš-, küröš-

Kazakh: keris-, küres-

Noghai: küres-

Bashkir: köräš-

Balkar: küreš-

Gagauz: güreš-

Karaim: küreš-

Karakalpak: keris-, güres-

Kumyk: küreš- (dial.)

Comments: EDT 747-748, ЭСТЯ 3, 79-81, 5, 50-51, Федотов 1, 280. The peculiar variation of keriš- and küreš- in old sources allows perhaps to reconstruct the original shape *geröĺ-.

Proto-Turkic: *gēb-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to chew

Russian meaning: жевать

Karakhanid: kev- (MK)

Turkish: gev-

Tatar: küšä-

Middle Turkic: keviš 'cud' (MA, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: kawša-

Uighur: köjši-

Azerbaidzhan: göjüš 'cud'

Turkmen: gǟvü-š 'cud'

Khakassian: kipse-n-

Shor: kepže-n-

Oyrat: kepše-

Halaj: kǟviš 'cud'

Chuvash: kavle-

Yakut: kebī-

Tuva: kegže-n-

Tofalar: kegže-

Kirghiz: küj-š-ö-

Kazakh: küjis 'cud'

Noghai: küjze-

Bashkir: köjöš 'cud'

Gagauz: gevše-

Karaim: kövše-n-

Karakalpak: güjse-

Salar: küšä-

Kumyk: güjše-

Comments: VEWT 244, EDT 687, ЭСТЯ 3, 5-7.

Proto-Turkic: *gēč (-e)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 long time 2 late 3 be late 4 night 5 evening 6 yesterday

Russian meaning: 1 долго 2 поздний 3 опаздывать 4 ночь 5 вечер 6 вчера

Old Turkic: keč 1, 2, keč- 3, keče 4, 5 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: keč 1, 2 (KB, MK), keč- 3 (MK), kečä 4, 5 (KB, MK)

Turkish: geč 2, geǯe 4

Tatar: kič 5, kičɛ 5, 6

Middle Turkic: geče 4 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: keča 4, 6

Uighur: käčä 5

Sary-Yughur: kiče 4 (Mal.)

Azerbaidzhan: geǯä 4

Turkmen: gīč 2, gīǯe 4

Khakassian: kiǯē 6

Shor: kečik 5 (Верб.)

Oyrat: keč 2, 5, keče 6

Halaj: kīečä 4

Chuvash: kaś 5

Yakut: kiehe 5

Dolgan: kiehe 5

Tuva: kežē 5

Tofalar: keǯe 5

Kirghiz: keč 2, kečē 4, 5

Kazakh: keš 2, 5, kešä 5, 6

Noghai: keš 2, 5

Bashkir: kis 5, kisä 5, 6

Balkar: keč 5, keče

Gagauz: geǯä 4

Karaim: geǯe 4

Karakalpak: keš 2, 5

Salar: gäǯi 4

Kumyk: geče 4

Comments: VEWT 245, EDT 692-3, 694-5, ЭСТЯ 3, 40-41, 50-51, Лексика 82, Stachowski 147.

Proto-Turkic: *gē(j)t-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to go (away)

Russian meaning: уходить

Old Turkic: ket- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ket/δ- (MK, KB)

Turkish: git-

Tatar: kit-

Middle Turkic: kẹt- (Abush., Sangl., MA)

Uzbek: ket-

Uighur: kät-

Azerbaidzhan: get-

Turkmen: git-

Oyrat: ket- (dial.)

Chuvash: kajt-

Kirghiz: ket-

Kazakh: ket-

Noghai: ket-

Bashkir: kit-

Balkar: ket-

Gagauz: get-

Karaim: ket-

Karakalpak: ket-

Salar: Gī/i- (Kakuk)

Kumyk: get-

Comments: VEWT 258, EDT 701, ЭСТЯ 3, 39-40, 49-50. Vowel length can be reconstructed on indirect evidence (voicing -t- > -d- in forms like Az. gediš 'going away' etc.).

Proto-Turkic: *gēkir-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to belch

Russian meaning: рыгать

Karakhanid: kekir- (MK)

Turkish: gejir-

Tatar: kiker-

Middle Turkic: gegir- (Pav. C.), kekir- (MA)

Uzbek: kekir-

Uighur: keki(r)-

Sary-Yughur: kekirt- (ЯЖУ)

Azerbaidzhan: gäjir-

Turkmen: gǟgir-

Khakassian: kigǝr-

Oyrat: kegir-

Halaj: gǟgür-

Chuvash: kagъr-

Yakut: kegert-

Tuva: keɣir-

Tofalar: keɣir-

Kirghiz: kekir-

Kazakh: kekir-

Noghai: kekir-

Bashkir: kiker-

Balkar: kekir-

Gagauz: gīr-

Karaim: kekir-

Karakalpak: kekir-

Kumyk: kekir-

Comments: VEWT 248, EDT 712, ЭСТЯ 3, 37, Лексика 232.

Proto-Turkic: *gẹ̄mi

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: boat

Russian meaning: лодка

Old Turkic: kemi (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kemi (MK, IM)

Turkish: gemi

Tatar: kimɛ

Middle Turkic: keme (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: kema

Uighur: kemä

Azerbaidzhan: gämi

Turkmen: gǟmi

Khakassian: kime

Shor: kebe

Oyrat: keme

Chuvash: kimǝ

Tuva: xeme

Kirghiz: keme

Kazakh: keme

Noghai: keme

Bashkir: kämä

Balkar: keme

Gagauz: gemi

Karaim: gemi

Karakalpak: keme

Salar: kimö

Kumyk: geme

Comments: VEWT 251, TMN 3, 668-669, EDT 721-722, ЭСТЯ 3, 37-38. Turk. > Mong. keme (Щербак 1997, 126).

Proto-Turkic: *gēŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wide

Russian meaning: широкий

Old Turkic: kiŋ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: keŋ (MK)

Turkish: gen

Tatar: kiŋ

Middle Turkic: kẹŋ (Sangl., Abush., Бор. Бад.), gẹŋ (Sangl.)

Uzbek: keŋ

Uighur: käŋ

Sary-Yughur: keŋ

Azerbaidzhan: gen

Turkmen: gīŋ

Shor: keŋ

Oyrat: keŋ

Halaj: kīeŋg

Yakut: kieŋ

Dolgan: kieŋ

Kirghiz: keŋ

Kazakh: keŋ

Noghai: keŋ

Bashkir: kiŋ

Balkar: keŋ

Karaim: keŋ, ken

Karakalpak: keŋ

Kumyk: geŋ

Comments: EDT 724-725, VEWT 253, EDT 724-725, ЭСТЯ 3, 46-47, Stachowski 147.

Proto-Turkic: *gēp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: form, example, image

Russian meaning: форма, пример, изображение

Old Turkic: kep ( ~ -i-) (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: keb ( ~ -i-) (MK)

Middle Turkic: käp (AH)

Sary-Yughur: kep

Turkmen: gǟp

Khakassian: kip

Shor: käp

Oyrat: kep

Chuvash: kap

Yakut: kiep

Tuva: xep

Kirghiz: kep

Noghai: kep

Karakalpak: kep

Kumyk: kep

Comments: EDT 686, VEWT 253, ЭСТЯ 5, 44-45 ( > Mong. keb, see Щербак 1997, 127). Bulg. > Old Slav. kapь. Turk. > Hung. kép 'image', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *gēp-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to swell, swollen (of belly) 2 to become pregnant, pregnant 3 to be arrogant, inflated

Russian meaning: 1 пухнуть (о животе) 2 беременеть, беременная 3 чваниться, важничать

Turkish: gebe 2

Tatar: kǝpǝr-, kǝprǝj- 3

Middle Turkic: gebe 2 (Pav. C.)

Azerbaidzhan: gäbiz `constipation'

Turkmen: gǟbe 1

Chuvash: kabar 'insatiable, gluttonous'

Yakut: kiebir- 3

Tuva: xever- 1

Kirghiz: kebeǯe, keber 1

Kazakh: kebeže 1

Bashkir: kǝpǝj- 1, kǝprǝj- 3

Gagauz: gebe 2

Karakalpak: kep-, gebeže 1

Comments: ЭСТЯ 3, 36. The root is partially confused (and contaminated) with *gebre- 'to die, corpse' (v. sub *kăpi).

Proto-Turkic: *gēt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to indent, notch, crack

Russian meaning: делать зарубку, надрез

Karakhanid: ked- (OKypch., AH)

Turkish: get-

Tatar: kit-

Middle Turkic: ket- (MA)

Uzbek: ketük (n.)

Turkmen: gǟt-

Halaj: kǟtük `indent'

Chuvash: kat-

Kirghiz: ket-

Kazakh: ketik (n.)

Noghai: ketik (n.)

Bashkir: kit-

Karakalpak: ketik (n.)

Comments: VEWT 259, ЭСТЯ 3, 30-31, 5, 65-66, EDT 700-701.

Proto-Turkic: *gīr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to enter

Russian meaning: входить

Old Turkic: kir- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kir- (MK, KB)

Turkish: gir-

Tatar: ker-

Middle Turkic: kir- (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: kir-

Uighur: kir-

Sary-Yughur: ker-

Azerbaidzhan: gir-

Turkmen: gīr-

Khakassian: kǝr-

Shor: kir-

Oyrat: kir-

Chuvash: kǝr-

Yakut: kīr-

Dolgan: kīr-

Tuva: kir-

Tofalar: kir-

Kirghiz: kir-

Kazakh: kir-

Noghai: kir-

Bashkir: ker-

Balkar: kir-

Gagauz: gir-

Karaim: kir-

Karakalpak: kir-

Salar: kir- (ССЯ)

Kumyk: gir-

Comments: VEWT 271, EDT 735-736, ЭСТЯ 3, 47-48, Stachowski 149.

Proto-Turkic: *gīŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 a k. of box 2 to hide 3 mystery

Russian meaning: 1 вид ящика 2 прятать 3 тайна

Karakhanid: kiz 1, kizle- 2 (MK)

Turkish: gizle- 2, giz 3

Azerbaidzhan: gizlä- 2

Turkmen: gīzle- 2

Yakut: kistē- 2

Dolgan: kistē- 2

Comments: EDT 756, 760, VEWT 273, ЭСТЯ 3, 43, Stachowski 149.

Proto-Turkic: *göč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to migrate, nomadize 2 nomadizing

Russian meaning: 1 мигрировать, кочевать 2 кочевка

Karakhanid: köč- 1 (MK, KB), köč 2 (KB)

Turkish: göč- 1, göč 2

Tatar: küč- 1, küč 2

Middle Turkic: köǯ- 1, köč 2 (Sangl.)

Uzbek: kọč- 1, kọč 2

Uighur: köč- 1, köč 2

Sary-Yughur: köš- 1

Azerbaidzhan: köč- 1, köč 2

Turkmen: göč- 1, göč 2

Khakassian: kös- 1

Shor: köš- 1, köš 2

Oyrat: köč- 1

Halaj: keč- 1

Chuvash: koś- 1

Yakut: kös- 1, kös 2

Dolgan: kös- 1, kös 2

Tuva: kö'š- 1, kö'š 2

Tofalar: kö'š- 1, kö'š 2

Kirghiz: köč- 1, köč 2

Kazakh: köš- 1, köš 2

Noghai: köš- 1, köš 2

Bashkir: küs 'рой', küs- 1

Balkar: köč- 1

Gagauz: göč- 1, göč 'luggage'

Karaim: köč- 1

Karakalpak: köš- 1, köš 2

Kumyk: göč- 1

Comments: EDT 693, 694, Лексика 489, ЭСТЯ 3, 88-90, TMN 3, 622, Федотов 1, 315, Stachowski 158.

Proto-Turkic: *göjke

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: kestrel, windhover, hawk

Russian meaning: пустельга, ястреб

Old Turkic: kekük 'a bird of prey' (OUygh. - Irq Bitig)

Karakhanid: kekük 'al-zummac, a bird the bones of which are used in conjurations and sorcery' (MK)

Middle Turkic: köjkenek (Pav. C., Abushk.)

Turkmen: gövenek

Khakassian: köjkenek

Kirghiz: küjkö

Comments: VEWT 288, EDT 710, ЭСТЯ 5, 133-134, Лексика 170. Turk. > Mong. küjkünek.

Proto-Turkic: *göjŋ-il

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: heart, mood

Russian meaning: сердце, дух

Old Turkic: köŋül (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: köŋül (MK, KB)

Turkish: gön-ül; göjün, göjn (dial.)

Tatar: küŋǝl

Middle Turkic: köŋül (Sangl., MA)

Uzbek: kọŋil

Uighur: köŋül

Sary-Yughur: köŋül

Azerbaidzhan: könül

Turkmen: gövün, köŋ-ül (arch. - borrowed from Türki)

Khakassian: kȫl, köŋn-ǝ

Shor: köŋn-ü

Oyrat: kǖn

Halaj: kīil

Chuvash: kǝʷmǝʷl

Yakut: köŋül 'will, freedom'

Dolgan: köŋül 'permission'

Tofalar: xȫl

Kirghiz: köŋül

Kazakh: köŋil

Noghai: köŋil

Bashkir: küŋǝl

Balkar: köl

Gagauz: gön

Karaim: könül, kölün

Karakalpak: köŋil, kewil

Salar: göjŋy

Kumyk: göŋül

Comments: VEWT 291, EDT 731, ЭСТЯ 3, 75-77, Лексика 274, Stachowski 156. Almost all languages reflect a suffixed form (a substantivized adjective in -il, see Gabain AG 75). Khak., Shor reflect a nominalized attributive form of köŋül.

Proto-Turkic: *göjü-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 capers 2 ferment for milk 3 a k. of fermented milk drink

Russian meaning: 1 каперсы 2 закваска для молока 3 вид квашенного молочного напитка

Turkmen: göjül 1

Chuvash: kǝʷvelek 2, kǝʷve- 'to ferment'

Yakut: köjörgö 2, küörčex 3; köjün- 'to ferment' (der. kȫnńör-)

Kirghiz: kȫrčök 3

Comments: Егоров 103. Kirgh. > Kalm. kȫrcǝg (see differently in KW 244, Лексика 451).

Proto-Turkic: *göküŕ (/*gögüŕ), *Kökrek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 breast 2 middle of the back 3 reason, sense, emotion 4 female breast

Russian meaning: 1 грудь 2 поясница, середина спины 3 женская грудь

Old Turkic: kögüz 1, 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: kögüz 1 (MK)

Turkish: göɣüs 1, kökrek 1 (dial.)

Tatar: kögüs 1 (dial., КСТТ), kükrɛk 1, 4

Middle Turkic: kögs, kögüs (Sangl.), köküs (MA) 1, kökrek (Abush., Бор. Бад.) 1

Uzbek: kụks 1, 3, kɔkräk 1, 4

Uighur: köküs 1, kökräk 1

Sary-Yughur: köküs, gȫs 1

Azerbaidzhan: köks, köküs 1

Turkmen: gövüs 1, kükrek 1

Khakassian: kögis 1

Shor: kögüs 1

Oyrat: kögüs 1, 3

Chuvash: kъʷgъʷr 1

Yakut: köɣüs 2

Dolgan: köksü 'back'

Kirghiz: kökürök 1

Kazakh: kökirek 1

Noghai: kökirek 1

Bashkir: kükräk 1

Balkar: kökürek 1

Gagauz: gǖs 1

Karaim: kökis 1, kökräk 1

Karakalpak: kökirek 1

Salar: göfrix 4?

Kumyk: kökürek 1

Comments: EDT 714, VEWT 288, ЭСТЯ 3, 54-55, 5, 136-137, Лексика 272-274, Stachowski 155. The Oghuz forms with k- (Turkm. kükrek, Tur. dial. kökrek) may be < Kypchak, cf. -ü- instead of -ö- in Turkm.

Proto-Turkic: *göl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 wooden board 2 woodblock 3 cross-bar (over fire)

Russian meaning: 1 деревянная доска 2 деревянный брусок 3 распорка (над огнем)

Turkmen: güle 1

Khakassian: kölbe 2

Oyrat: kölzök 'снегозащитные щиты' (?)

Chuvash: kǝle 'задвижка'

Yakut: kölö 3

Comments: Different etymologies in Федотов 1, 271 (Chuv. kǝle - hardly to kilit); VEWT 289 (Yak. kölö - not to 'harness' köl-).