Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *dẹg-

Meaning: 1 to cost, to be worth 2 price 3 to change, exchange 4 allotment, portion 5 worth 6 change, exchange

Russian meaning: 1 стоить, быть достойным 2 цена 3 изменять(ся), обмениваться 4 доля (причитающееся) 5 достойный, положенный 6 перемена, обмен

Old Turkic: teg-im 1, teg-im-lig 5, teg-ir 4 (OUygh.), teg-š-il-, teg-š-ür- 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: teg- 1 (MK - ДТС), teg-ir 4 (MK), teg-iš 5 (KB), 'given in exchange' (MK), teg-š-üt 'exchange price' (MK), teg-š-ür-ül- 3 (KB)

Turkish: deɣ- 1, dejer 2, deɣ-im (dial.) 2, dejiš 6, dejiš- 3

Middle Turkic: (Xwar.) deg- 1, (OKypch.) deg-ir 2, teg-iš 2 (Sangl.), teg-iš- 3 (Sangl.)

Uighur: tegiš- 3

Azerbaidzhan: däjär 2, däjiš- 3

Turkmen: deg- 1, degiš- 3

Chuvash: tivǝś 'debt'

Gagauz: dīš 6, dīš- 3

Karaim: tij- 1, degiš- 3

Kumyk: tij- 1

Comments: EDT 482, 485, 487, 488, ЭСТЯ 3, 181-182, 179-180, Лексика 338. Usually regarded as a development of *dẹg- 'to touch, reach', which is somewhat dubious semantically; external parallels also seem to indicate that the two roots are originally distinct.

Proto-Turkic: *dẹg-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to touch, to reach

Russian meaning: дотрагиваться, достигать

Old Turkic: teg- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: teg- (MK, KB)

Turkish: dej-

Tatar: tij-

Middle Turkic: teg- (Sangl., Abush.)

Uzbek: deg-

Uighur: täg-

Azerbaidzhan: däj-

Turkmen: deg-

Khakassian: tig-

Shor: teg-

Oyrat: tij-

Halaj: täj-

Chuvash: tiv-

Yakut: tī-j-

Dolgan: tīj-

Tuva: deg-

Tofalar: deg-

Kirghiz: tij-

Kazakh: tij-

Noghai: tij-

Bashkir: tej-

Balkar: tij-

Gagauz: di-

Karaim: tij-

Karakalpak: tij-

Kumyk: tij-

Comments: VEWT 468-469, EDT 476, ЭСТЯ 3, 173-175, Stachowski 224. Sal. deš-, dial. teš-, tejiš- 'to burn' must be derived from the same root ("to reach fire"). A very complicated issue is the relationship of this root to PT *dēk, *dēki- 'to, up to' (usually acting as a postposition) - see ЭСТЯ 2, 182-185, EDT 477 (added should be also Yak. dieki 'in the direction of', Dolg. diek, diegi 'side', see Stachowski 79). The phonology here is quite puzzling: one would be tempted to regard the medial -k- as an archaism (see below on the irregularity of *-g- in Turkic), but the open long *-ē- presents great difficulties (since the verbal root itself most definitely has a short closed *-ẹ-). A possible solution is to correct the reconstruction *dēk(i) to *dẹge-ki and regard the *-k(i) as an original locative suffix; this seems plausible because another attested form of the postposition is *dẹgi-n (cf. especially reflexes like Tat. dial. tiŋ, KKalp. dejin, Kaz. dejĭn, Nogh. dejim).

Proto-Turkic: *deg- / *dög- / *dog-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: round

Russian meaning: круглый

Old Turkic: tegirmi (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tegirme (MK)

Turkish: degirmi 'circle'

Tatar: tügɛrɛk

Middle Turkic: tekirme, tekirmi (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tụgarak

Uighur: dügläk

Sary-Yughur: doGɨr

Azerbaidzhan: däjirmi

Turkmen: tegelek, toGalaq

Khakassian: toɣɨlax

Shor: toɣalaq

Oyrat: toɣoloq

Chuvash: tǝʷgǝʷr 'mirror'

Yakut: tüörem (poet.) 'round', tier- 'to turn round'

Dolgan: tier- 'to turn round'

Tuva: tögerik

Tofalar: tȫrej

Kirghiz: tegerek

Noghai: tögerek

Bashkir: tüŋäräk

Balkar: tögerek

Karaim: togerek

Karakalpak: döŋgelek

Comments: ЭСТЯ 3, 176-179, 281-282, Stachowski 222, 227. One of several expressive common Turkic roots meaning 'round' and displaying phonetic irregularities. Some modern Turkic forms (not listed above) are probably borrowed from Mongolian: cf., in particular, Yak. tögǖr, tögürük, Dolg. tögürük ( > Evk. tuɣuruk). Cf. also Лексика 400 (with forms reflecting PT *teker). Bulg. > Hung. tükör 'mirror', see MNyTESz 3, 1010.

Proto-Turkic: *dEgiŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: squirrel

Russian meaning: белка

Old Turkic: tejiŋ (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: tegiŋ (MK - erroneously glossed 'sable', see EDT), tejiŋ (KB)

Turkish: dejin, deɣin (dial.)

Tatar: tijen

Middle Turkic: tejin (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tijin

Uighur: tijin

Oyrat: tijiŋ

Yakut: tīŋ

Dolgan: tīŋ

Tuva: dīŋ

Kirghiz: tɨjɨn

Kazakh: tijin, tɨjɨn

Bashkir: tejen

Comments: VEWT 470, EDT 569, ЭСТЯ 3, 180-181, Лексика 164-165, Stachowski 224. Criticism of the borrowing ( < Ugrian) theory see in Лексика 165, Аникин 546-547.

Proto-Turkic: *degül

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: is not

Russian meaning: нет, не

Karakhanid: tegül (MK Oghuz)

Turkish: degül, dejil

Tatar: tügil

Middle Turkic: degül (Pav. C.)

Azerbaidzhan: dejil

Turkmen: dǟl

Kirghiz: tügül

Kazakh: tügil

Noghai: tuwɨl

Bashkir: tügil

Karaim: duguĺ

Karakalpak: tüwe

Kumyk: tügül

Comments: EDT 480, ЭСТЯ 3, 213-214.

Proto-Turkic: *del-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to bore through 2 to cut 3 to open

Russian meaning: 1 продырявливать 2 резать

Old Turkic: tel- 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tel- 1 (MK)

Turkish: del- 2

Middle Turkic: tel- 1 (Sangl., Abush.)

Sary-Yughur: telɨk 'opening'

Azerbaidzhan: däl- 2

Yakut: tel- 3

Tofalar: del- 1

Gagauz: del- 1

Karaim: del- 1

Comments: VEWT 471, EDT 490, ЭСТЯ 3, 185-186, TMN 2, 657.

Proto-Turkic: *deĺ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to make holes

Russian meaning: продырявливать

Karakhanid: teš- (MK)

Turkish: deš-

Tatar: tiš-

Middle Turkic: teš- (Sangl., Abush.)

Uzbek: teš-

Uighur: täš-

Azerbaidzhan: deš-

Khakassian: tis-

Oyrat: teš-

Yakut: tes-

Dolgan: tes-

Tuva: deš-

Tofalar: deš-

Kirghiz: teš-

Kazakh: tes-

Noghai: tes-

Bashkir: tiš-

Balkar: teš-

Gagauz: deš-

Karaim: teš-

Karakalpak: tes-

Kumyk: teš-

Comments: VEWT 476, EDT 559, ЭСТЯ 3, 210-212, TMN 2, 657, Stachowski 221.

Proto-Turkic: *dele(g)

Meaning: squirrel

Russian meaning: белка

Azerbaidzhan: dälä

Turkmen: däle (dial.)

Comments: Pers. dalɛ < dalaɣ 'куница' = Sanglechi, 'marmot' Yigdha, 'барсук' тадж. диал., см. Пахалина Вах. 200 + ряд вост. форм <*daršɨ. Ст.-К. 166 - вах. форма иначе, глупо.

Proto-Turkic: *delim

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: many

Russian meaning: много

Old Turkic: telim (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: telim (MK)

Turkish: delim (Osm.)

Comments: VEWT 472, EDT 499-500.

Proto-Turkic: *deŋgil

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: axle

Russian meaning: ось

Turkish: dingil

Tatar: teŋel (КСТТ)

Middle Turkic: tiŋgil (MA)

Chuvash: tǝʷnǝʷl

Gagauz: dingil

Karaim: teŋgil

Comments: VEWT 474, ЭСТЯ 3, 235-236, Федотов 2, 216-217. Turk. >Hung. tengely 'axle', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *depre-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to move, stir, shake

Russian meaning: двигать(ся), качать(ся)

Old Turkic: tepre- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tepre- (MK, KB)

Turkish: depre-, tepre-

Tatar: tibrän-

Middle Turkic: tepre- (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tebra-

Uighur: täwrä-

Sary-Yughur: terwe-

Azerbaidzhan: däbär-, tärpän-

Turkmen: depre-, terpen-

Khakassian: tibǝre-

Halaj: tepre-

Chuvash: tapra-n-

Kirghiz: terbe-l-

Kazakh: terbe-l-; tebire-n- 'взволноваться'

Noghai: terbe-l-

Bashkir: tirbä-l-

Balkar: tebre-

Gagauz: depre-, tepre-

Karaim: tebre-

Karakalpak: terbe-

Kumyk: terbe-n-

Comments: VEWT 474, ЭСТЯ 3, 201-202, EDT 443-444, Федотов 2, 173-174.

Proto-Turkic: *dẹr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sweat

Russian meaning: пот

Old Turkic: ter (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ter (MK, KB)

Turkish: ter

Tatar: tir

Middle Turkic: ter (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ter

Uighur: tär

Azerbaidzhan: där (dial.)

Turkmen: der

Khakassian: tir

Shor: ter

Oyrat: ter

Halaj: ter

Chuvash: tar, tẹr (NW)

Yakut: tir-it- 'to sweat'

Tuva: der

Kirghiz: ter

Kazakh: ter

Noghai: ter

Bashkir: tir

Balkar: ter

Gagauz: ter

Karaim: ter

Karakalpak: ter

Salar: ter

Kumyk: ter

Comments: VEWT 474, EDT 528, ЭСТЯ 3, 203-204. Chuvash dialects show a variation between e/ẹ.

Proto-Turkic: *dẹrek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 poplar 2 tree

Russian meaning: 1 тополь 2 дерево

Karakhanid: terek 1 (MK)

Turkish: tirek (dial.) 2

Tatar: tirɛk 1

Middle Turkic: terek 1 (Abush., Sangl., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: terak 1

Uighur: deräk 1

Sary-Yughur: terek 2

Turkmen: derek 1

Khakassian: tirek 1

Shor: terek 1

Oyrat: terek 1

Chuvash: tirek 1

Yakut: tirex 1

Tuva: terek 1

Kirghiz: terek 1

Kazakh: terek 1, 2

Noghai: terek 1

Bashkir: tiräk 1

Balkar: terek 2

Karaim: terak 2

Karakalpak: terek 1

Kumyk: terek 2

Comments: VEWT 475, EDT 543, ЭСТЯ 3, 205-206, Лексика 105, 134-135. Iranian origin is quite improbable.

Proto-Turkic: *dẹri

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: skin

Russian meaning: кожа

Old Turkic: teri (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: teri (MK)

Turkish: deri

Tatar: tire

Middle Turkic: teri (MA, Abush.)

Uzbek: teri

Uighur: terä

Sary-Yughur: terɨ

Azerbaidzhan: däri

Turkmen: deri

Khakassian: tēr

Shor: tere

Oyrat: tere

Halaj: teri

Chuvash: tirǝ

Yakut: tirī

Dolgan: tirī

Tofalar: tere (Рас. ФиЛ)

Kirghiz: teri

Kazakh: teri

Noghai: teri

Bashkir: tire

Balkar: teri

Gagauz: deri

Karaim: terɨ

Karakalpak: teri

Salar: cīry

Kumyk: teri

Comments: VEWT 475, EDT 530, ЭСТЯ 3, 207-208, Лексика 383, Stachowski 223.

Proto-Turkic: *deriŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: deep

Russian meaning: глубокий

Old Turkic: teriŋ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: teriŋ (MK)

Turkish: derin

Tatar: tirän

Middle Turkic: teriŋ (Sangl.), tereŋ (MA)

Uzbek: teran

Azerbaidzhan: därin

Turkmen: derīŋ (dial.)

Khakassian: tireŋ

Shor: tereŋ

Oyrat: tereŋ

Chuvash: tarъn

Yakut: diriŋ

Tuva: tereŋ

Tofalar: dereŋ

Kirghiz: tereŋ

Kazakh: tereŋ

Noghai: teren

Bashkir: tärän

Balkar: teren

Gagauz: derin

Karaim: teren

Karakalpak: tereŋ

Kumyk: teren

Comments: VEWT 475, EDT 551, ЭСТЯ 3, 208-209, Федотов 2, 179.

Proto-Turkic: *det-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to strive, exert 2 bold, hero 3 clever, reasonable 4 cheerful, vigorous

Russian meaning: 1 стараться, напрягать силы, сопротивляться 2 смелый, герой 3 умный, разумный, ловкий 4 бодрый

Old Turkic: tetik (OUygh.) 3

Karakhanid: tet-, tetin- (MK) 1, tetik, teti-l- 'to become clever' (MK)

Turkish: didin- 1, tetik 3

Tatar: täti 'good' (nursery word)

Middle Turkic: tetik (Abush., Sangl.) 3

Uzbek: tetik 4

Uighur: tetik 4

Turkmen: tetǟrik 'support, help' (?)

Khakassian: tǝtǝn- 1

Oyrat: tidim 2, tedü 'satisfied, sorrowless'

Yakut: tetiänex 4

Tuva: didin- 1, didim 2

Tofalar: titim 2

Kirghiz: tetik 3

Bashkir: tätäj 'good thing' (nursery word)

Gagauz: didin- 1

Kumyk: tetek 'pleasure'

Comments: VEWT 476, EDT 450, 455, 456, ЭСТЯ 3, 218. Cf. perhaps also Kaz. etc. tetik "device, mechanism", Tat., Bashk. täte '(gun's) cock', Gag. tetik 'id.; virgin's hymen', KKalp. tetik 'mechanism, essence', Az. tätig 'trigger'. Some forms reveal secondary assimilatory devoicing.

Proto-Turkic: *dē-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to say

Russian meaning: сказать, говорить

Old Turkic: te- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: te- (MK, KB) 1

Turkish: de-

Tatar: di-

Middle Turkic: di- (Abush.), te- (MA)

Uzbek: de-

Uighur: dä-

Sary-Yughur: di-

Azerbaidzhan: de-

Turkmen: dī-

Khakassian: tǝ-

Shor: te-

Oyrat: de-

Chuvash: te-

Yakut: die-

Dolgan: die-

Tuva: de-

Tofalar: de-

Kirghiz: te-

Kazakh: de-

Noghai: de-

Bashkir: ti-

Balkar: de-

Gagauz: de-

Karaim: de-

Karakalpak: de-

Salar: dij-

Kumyk: de-

Comments: VEWT 467-8, EDT 433-4, ЭСТЯ 3, 221-224, Stachowski 79. Kypchak and some other languages preserve voiced d- due to the word's grammaticalized usage.

Proto-Turkic: *dẹ̄l(b)ü-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mad, stupid

Russian meaning: сумасшедший, глупый

Old Turkic: telve (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: telve (MK, KB); telü (MK-Oghuz)

Turkish: deli

Tatar: tile, (КСТТ) tilbä

Middle Turkic: telve (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: telba

Uighur: tälvä 'sporty'

Azerbaidzhan: däli

Turkmen: dǟli, telbe

Chuvash: tiler- 'to become mad, enraged'

Tofalar: telemir, teleŋ

Kirghiz: teli; delbe 'stagger'

Kazakh: delbe 'stagger'

Noghai: teli; delbe 'stagger'

Bashkir: tile, tilbä 'stagger'

Balkar: teli

Gagauz: deli

Karaim: deli, teli

Karakalpak: delbe 'stagger'

Kumyk: deli

Comments: EDT 493, VEWT 472, ЭСТЯ 3, 214-216, TMN 3, 660-662. The forms meaning 'stagger' reveal some irregularities (notably, voiced d- in some Kypchak forms), perhaps due to interdialectal borrowing.

Proto-Turkic: *dēmin

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 enough 2 immediately

Russian meaning: 1 достаточно 2 немедленно, только что

Old Turkic: temin 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: temin (MK) 2

Turkish: demin 2

Halaj: tīemi 1

Chuvash: taman 1, 2

Tuva: dem 2, demin 2

Tofalar: dɛ:min 2

Gagauz: demin 2

Karaim: demin (K) 2

Comments: EDT 507, ЭСТЯ 3, 187-188.

Proto-Turkic: *dēr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to collect, gather

Russian meaning: собирать

Old Turkic: ter- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tẹ̄r- (MK, KB)

Turkish: der-

Tatar: tir-, tijr- (КСТТ)

Middle Turkic: tẹr- (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: ter-

Uighur: tär/j-

Sary-Yughur: ter-

Azerbaidzhan: där-, der-

Turkmen: tīr-

Khakassian: tir-, tēr-

Shor: tēr-

Oyrat: ter-

Yakut: terij-

Dolgan: terij-

Tuva: deri- 'снаряжать'

Kirghiz: ter-

Kazakh: ter-

Noghai: ter-

Bashkir: tir-

Karakalpak: ter-

Salar: tēre- (ССЯ)

Comments: EDT 529, VEWT 475, ЭСТЯ 3, 204-205, Stachowski 221. Turkm. has an irregular devoicing (old Kypchak influence?).