Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *b(i)altɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: calf of leg

Russian meaning: икра ноги

Old Turkic: baltɨr (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: baldɨr (MK)

Turkish: baldɨr

Tatar: baltɨr

Middle Turkic: baldɨr (MA), baltɨr (Sangl.)

Uzbek: bɔldir

Azerbaidzhan: baldɨr

Turkmen: baldɨr

Khakassian: paltɨr

Shor: paltɨr

Oyrat: baltɨr

Yakut: ballɨr

Tuva: ba'ldɨr

Tofalar: baldɨr

Kirghiz: baltɨr

Kazakh: baltɨr

Noghai: baltɨr

Bashkir: baltɨr

Balkar: baltɨr, baldɨr

Gagauz: baldɨr

Karaim: baldɨr

Karakalpak: baltɨr

Kumyk: baldɨr

Comments: VEWT 61, ЭСТЯ 2, 54-55, Лексика 283-284.

Proto-Turkic: *b(i)ar-k

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 house 2 home, household

Russian meaning: 1 постройка, здание 2 дом, имущество

Old Turkic: barq 1, 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: barq 1, 2 (MK, KB)

Turkish: bark 2

Middle Turkic: barq 2 (Sangl., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: barq 1

Azerbaidzhan: barɨ 'fence'

Kumyk: baru 'fence'

Comments: EDT 359-360, VEWT 63, 66, ЭСТЯ II 62. Bark is traditionally linked with bār 'there is', barɨ 'belongings', but cf. the Az. word which can be hardly explained in this way.

Proto-Turkic: *biarŋak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: finger, thumb

Russian meaning: палец, большой палец

Karakhanid: barmaq (Tefs., IM)

Turkish: parmak, dial. barnak

Tatar: barmaq, dial. barnaq

Middle Turkic: barmaq (Sangl., MA)

Uzbek: barmɔq

Uighur: barmaq

Azerbaidzhan: barmaG

Turkmen: barmaq

Halaj: barmaq

Chuvash: pürne

Kirghiz: barmaq

Kazakh: barmaq

Noghai: barmaq

Bashkir: barmaq, (Pallas) parnaq

Balkar: barmaq

Gagauz: parmaq

Karaim: barmaq

Karakalpak: barmaq

Salar: parmax

Kumyk: barmaq

Comments: VEWT 63, ЭСТЯ 2, 66-68, Дыбо 319-320, Лексика 253-255.

Proto-Turkic: *b(i)at

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bad, unworthy

Russian meaning: плохой, негодный

Old Turkic: bat (Orkh., OUygh.)

Tuva: pat

Comments: EDT 296, VEWT 65.

Proto-Turkic: *b(i)ā-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to bind 2 to fasten 3 bundle 4 bond, rope

Russian meaning: 1 связывать 2 укреплять 3 связка 4 веревка

Old Turkic: ba- 1, 2, ba-ɣ 3, 4, 'confederation' (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ba- 1, 2, ba-ɣ 3, 4 (MK, KB, At.)

Turkish: ba-ɣ 3, 4, ba-ɣ-la- 1,2

Tatar: baw 3, 4, bɛj 4

Middle Turkic: baɣ 4

Uzbek: bɔɣ 3, 4

Uighur: baɣ 3, 4

Sary-Yughur: paɣ 4

Azerbaidzhan: baɣ 3, 4

Turkmen: bāG 4

Khakassian: (dial.) paɣ (Kyz.) 4

Shor: paɣ (R) 4

Oyrat: bū 4

Halaj: vā- 1, baɣ 4 (baɣ m.b. < Ogh.)

Chuvash: pъjav 4

Yakut: bā-j- 1, 2, bɨa 4

Dolgan: bā-j- 1, bɨa 4

Tuva: baɣ-la- 1

Tofalar: Baɣ 4

Kirghiz: bō 3, 4

Kazakh: baw 3, 4

Noghai: baw 4

Bashkir: baw 4, bäj 4

Balkar: baw 4

Gagauz: bā-la- (< *bag-la-) 1

Karaim: baɣ 3, 4

Karakalpak: baw 3, 4

Salar: baχ 4

Kumyk: baw 3, 4

Comments: EDT 292, 310, ЭСТЯ 2, 13-17, VEWT 53 (*bā, deriv. *bā-g), Федотов 1, 411, Stachowski 55, 69. Turk. *bāg > Mong. baɣ (KW 27, TMN 2, 254), baɣča ( > Man. baqsan etc., see Doerfer MT 142). Yak. has a standard verbal stem modifier (-j-).

Proto-Turkic: *b(i)āka

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: frog

Russian meaning: лягушка

Old Turkic: baqa (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: baqa (MK)

Turkish: bā

Tatar: baqa

Middle Turkic: baqa (AH, Ettuhf.), baqqa (MA)

Uzbek: baqa

Uighur: baqa, paqa

Azerbaidzhan: baɣa

Turkmen: Gurbāɣa

Khakassian: paɣa

Shor: paɣa

Oyrat: baqa

Halaj: bāqa 'turtle'

Yakut: baɣa

Tuva: paɣa

Tofalar: baɣa

Kirghiz: baqa

Kazakh: baqa

Noghai: baqa

Balkar: maqa

Gagauz: qurbā

Karaim: baqa

Karakalpak: baqa

Salar: paɣa

Kumyk: baqa

Comments: VEWT 58, EDT 311-312, 646-647, ЭСТЯ 2, 40-41, 6, 160-161 (see ibid. on the onomatopoeic nature of the component *Kur-) , Лексика 179-180. A more precise reconstruction would be perhaps *b(i)ākka, with expressive gemination (suggested by non-voicing in Kypchak). Turk. > Hung. béka, see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *biāĺč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wound

Russian meaning: рана

Old Turkic: baš (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: baš (MK, KB)

Turkish: baš (dial.)

Turkmen: bāš

Chuvash: püźek 'scar'

Yakut: bās

Dolgan: bās

Tuva: baiś (Krg. Castr. 124)

Comments: EDT 376, VEWT 65, ЭСТЯ 2, 88-89, ОСНЯ 1, 172, Мудрак Дисс. 90, 194, Stachowski 57. Usually united with balɨɣ 'wound, wounded', but cf. PA *mā̀li.

Proto-Turkic: *biāt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: swift, quick

Russian meaning: быстрый

Old Turkic: bat (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: bat (MK)

Turkish: pat 'suddenly'

Middle Turkic: bat (Sangl.)

Uzbek: bɔt

Uighur: pat

Turkmen: bāda 'at once'

Chuvash: pidǝ ( < *püdǝ?) 'most, very'

Tuva: pat 'extremely'

Kirghiz: bat

Comments: VEWT 65, EDT 296, Егоров 162, Федотов 1, 437.

Proto-Turkic: *bij-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sharp edge, knife

Russian meaning: острый край, нож

Old Turkic: bi (OUygh.)

Khakassian: pi-ze- 'to whet, sharpen'

Yakut: bī

Dolgan: bī

Comments: EDT 291, VEWT 75, Лексика 398, 399-400, Stachowski 61.

Proto-Turkic: *bil-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to know

Russian meaning: знать

Old Turkic: bil- (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: bil- (MK, KB, IM)

Turkish: bil-

Tatar: bel-

Middle Turkic: bil- (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: bil-

Uighur: bil-

Sary-Yughur: bɨl-

Azerbaidzhan: bil-

Turkmen: bil-

Khakassian: pǝl-

Shor: pil- (R.)

Oyrat: bil-

Halaj: bil-

Chuvash: peʷl-

Yakut: bil-

Dolgan: bil-

Tuva: bil-

Tofalar: bil-

Kirghiz: bil-

Kazakh: bil-

Noghai: bil-

Bashkir: bel-

Balkar: bil-

Gagauz: bil-

Karaim: bil-

Karakalpak: bil-

Salar: bil-

Kumyk: bil-1

Comments: VEWT 75, EDT 330-331, ЭСТЯ 2, 137-139, Stachowski 60. Cf. also *belgü 'sign' (ЭСТЯ 2, 108-111) ( = WMong. belge, see TMN 1, 216, Щербак 1997, 104). Turk. *bil-ig > Mong. bilig (TMN 2, 418, Щербак 1997, 106).

Proto-Turkic: *biĺč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to become boiled, ripe

Russian meaning: свариваться, созревать

Old Turkic: biš- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: biš- (MK, KB)

Turkish: piš-

Tatar: beš-, peš-

Middle Turkic: biš- (Sangl.)

Uzbek: piš-

Uighur: piš-

Sary-Yughur: pɨs-

Azerbaidzhan: biš-

Turkmen: biš-

Khakassian: pɨs-

Shor: pɨš-

Oyrat: bɨš-

Halaj: bɨš-

Chuvash: piś-

Yakut: bus-

Tuva: bɨš-

Tofalar: bɨš-

Kirghiz: bɨš-

Kazakh: pis-

Bashkir: beš-

Balkar: biš-

Gagauz: piš-

Karaim: biš-, piš-

Karakalpak: pis-

Kumyk: biš-

Comments: VEWT 76, EDT 376-377, ЭСТЯ 2, 161-164. Mong. bišlaq, basilaɣ 'a k. of home cheese' < Turk. *bɨĺ-lak (Clark 1980, 42, Щербак 1997, 107).

Proto-Turkic: *biĺči-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to stir up, churn (milk, butter)

Russian meaning: помешивать, взбивать (молоко, масло), пахтать

Tatar: peš- (Сиб., Тумашева 180)

Uzbek: piškak 'churn pestle'

Turkmen: pišek 'churn pestle', -le- 'to churn'

Chuvash: pǝźer- 'to hit, beat'

Yakut: bis- 'to smear'

Dolgan: bis- 'to smear'

Kirghiz: bɨš- / biš-; biškek 'churn-staff for kumis'

Kazakh: pis-

Noghai: piskek 'churn-staff'

Bashkir: beše- 'to churn; to beat', beškäk 'churn-staff'

Karakalpak: pis-; piskek 'a big churn'

Comments: ЭСТЯ 2, 309-310, Stachowski 61, Ашм. X, 241-242. In a part of languages the root merges with *biĺč- "to ripen"; it differs from the latter by its original transitivity and consequent front vocalism.

Proto-Turkic: *bile-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to sharpen 2 whetstone

Russian meaning: 1 точить 2 точильный камень

Karakhanid: bile- (MK) 1

Turkish: bile- 1

Tatar: belɛw 2

Middle Turkic: bile- 1,bilew 2 (Pav. C.)

Uighur: bilä- (Jarr.) 1

Azerbaidzhan: bülöv, bilöv 2

Turkmen: bilev 2

Khakassian: pǝlö 2 (R)

Shor: pile 2

Oyrat: bilü 2

Chuvash: pǝʷlev 2

Tuva: bili- (Castr.- Soj.) 1

Kirghiz: bülö 2

Kazakh: bilew 2

Noghai: bilew 2

Bashkir: beläw 2

Balkar: bile- 1, bilew 2

Gagauz: bile- 1, bilä 2

Karaim: bile- 1, bülew 2

Kumyk: bile- 1, bilew 2

Comments: ЭСТЯ 2, 142-143, EDT 332-333 (< *bi 'blade', denom. - but Turkm. shortness contradicts this derivation). Turk. *bile-gü > Mong. *bile-ɣü id., see Щербак 1997, 106.

Proto-Turkic: *bile (bula)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: with, together, also

Russian meaning: вместе с, с, также

Old Turkic: bile, bilen (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: bile (MK, KB)

Turkish: bile 'even'

Tatar: belɛn

Middle Turkic: bile (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: bilan

Uighur: bilän

Sary-Yughur: bile(n)

Azerbaidzhan: bilä (dial.)

Turkmen: bile, bilen

Khakassian: mɨnaŋ

Shor: mine 'here, now'

Oyrat: bɨla (dial., Баск. Туба)

Halaj: bilä

Chuvash: -bala(n)

Yakut: -ɨnan (?)

Tuva: bile

Kirghiz: minen

Kazakh: -ben

Noghai: -ben

Bashkir: -benen

Balkar: bla

Gagauz: -jlan

Karaim: bɨla

Karakalpak: benen

Salar: bile

Kumyk: bulan

Comments: EDT 364-365, ЭСТЯ 2, 140-142. Phonetic variants are explained by the transformation of the root into a postposition and, further, into a case ending. The form bile is attested quite early and therefore can be hardly treated as an assimilation < bir-le (derived from bir '1', cf. bir-ge, bir-če with a similar meaning).

Proto-Turkic: *bilek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wrist, forearm

Russian meaning: запястье, предплечье

Old Turkic: bilek (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: bilek (MK, KB)

Turkish: bilek

Tatar: belɛk

Middle Turkic: bilek (Бор. Бад., Sangl.)

Uzbek: bilak

Uighur: biläk

Azerbaidzhan: biläk

Turkmen: bilek

Khakassian: pǝlek

Shor: pilek (R, Верб.)

Oyrat: belek

Yakut: belenčik, belenńik (dial.)

Tuva: bilek

Kirghiz: bilek

Kazakh: bilek

Noghai: bilek

Bashkir: beläk

Balkar: bilek

Gagauz: bilek

Karaim: bilek

Karakalpak: bilek

Kumyk: bilek

Comments: EDT 338-339, VEWT 76, TMN 2, 314, ЭСТЯ 2, 145-146, Дыбо 172-175 (with detailed analysis of phonetic variants and derivatives), Лексика 256. Turk. *bilek-jüŕük > *bile(g)ŕük 'bracelet' (EDT 345, Stachowski 60) > Mong. bilüčüg / bilisüg / bülüǯüg (see Clark 1980, 41).

Proto-Turkic: *bilik, *bEĺ-mek(e)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 wick 2 tinder, mushroom

Russian meaning: 1 фитиль 2 трут, гриб

Karakhanid: bilik (MK) 1

Tatar: meškɛ 2

Uzbek: pilik 1

Uighur: pilik (Jarr.) 1

Khakassian: miske 2

Shor: meške 2

Oyrat: meške 2

Kirghiz: bilik 1

Bashkir: bäšmäk 2

Karakalpak: pilik 1

Comments: EDT 339, VEWT 69, 72, ЭСТЯ VI.

Proto-Turkic: *bińŕ (*biŋŕ)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: awl

Russian meaning: шило

Turkish: biz

Tatar: bez

Middle Turkic: biz (MA), bigiz (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: bigiz

Uighur: biz

Sary-Yughur: pɨz-, puz-

Azerbaidzhan: biz

Turkmen: bijz/bīz

Khakassian: pǝs

Shor: pis

Oyrat: mis

Tuva: bis

Tofalar: bis

Kirghiz: miz

Kazakh: biz, dial. bigiz

Noghai: biz

Bashkir: beδ

Balkar: miz

Karaim: biz

Karakalpak: biz

Kumyk: biz

Comments: VEWT 75, ЭСТЯ 2, 130-131, TMN 2, 311. The Chag. form bigiz is quite strange: perhaps it is a result of denasalization of *biŋiz < *biŋŕ (this would then suggest a velar nasal in the root).

Proto-Turkic: *bir (*bīr)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: one

Russian meaning: один

Old Turkic: bir (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: bir (MK, KB, IM)

Turkish: bir

Tatar: ber

Middle Turkic: bir (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: bir

Uighur: bir

Sary-Yughur: bɨr

Azerbaidzhan: bir

Turkmen: bir

Khakassian: pǝr

Shor: pir

Oyrat: bir

Halaj: bi

Chuvash: pǝʷr

Yakut: bīr

Dolgan: bīr, bir

Tuva: bir

Tofalar: bir

Kirghiz: bir

Kazakh: bir

Noghai: bir

Bashkir: ber

Balkar: bir

Gagauz: biŕ

Karaim: bir/bɨr

Karakalpak: bir

Salar: pyr, pir, pur (Kakuk)

Kumyk: bir

Comments: VEWT 76, TMN 2, 383-4, EDT 353-4, ЭСТЯ 2, 146-151, Егоров 157, Федотов I 421-422, Stachowski 61. Cf. also Khak. praj 'all', Tat. dial. pǝräj 'any' (КСТТ 179), Az. birä-di 'one, all together'.

Proto-Turkic: *bɨč- / *bič-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to cut

Russian meaning: резать

Old Turkic: bɨč- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: bɨč- (MK)

Turkish: bič-

Tatar: pĭč-

Middle Turkic: bič- (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: bič-

Uighur: pič-

Sary-Yughur: pɨš-

Azerbaidzhan: bič-

Turkmen: bič-

Khakassian: pɨs-

Oyrat: bɨč-

Chuvash: pǝʷś-

Yakut: bɨs-

Dolgan: bɨs-

Tuva: bɨš-

Tofalar: bɨ'š-

Kirghiz: bič-

Kazakh: pĭš-

Bashkir: bĭs-, bɨs-

Balkar: bič-

Gagauz: bič-

Karaim: bič-

Karakalpak: piš-

Kumyk: bič-

Comments: EDT 292-293, VEWT 73, ЭСТЯ 2, 158-160, Stachowski 71. Turk. > Hung. biczak 'knife' ( Gombocz 1912).

Proto-Turkic: *bɨdɨk (*bɨdńɨk)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: moustache

Russian meaning: усы

Karakhanid: bɨδɨq (MK), bɨjɨq (IM)

Turkish: bɨjɨk

Tatar: mɨjɨq

Middle Turkic: bɨɣ, mɨɣ (Sangl.)

Uzbek: mɨjɨq (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: bɨɣ

Turkmen: mɨjq (dial.)

Oyrat: mɨjɨq

Chuvash: mъjъx

Yakut: bɨtɨk

Dolgan: bɨtɨk

Kirghiz: mɨjɨq

Noghai: mɨjɨq

Bashkir: mɨjɨq

Balkar: mɨjɨq

Gagauz: bɨjɨq

Karaim: mɨjɨx

Karakalpak: mɨjɨq

Kumyk: mɨjɨq

Comments: VEWT 73, EDT 301, ЭСТЯ 2, 304, Лексика 223, Stachowski 71.