Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨrtɨĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 surface 2 bark, upper layer

Russian meaning: 1 поверхность 2 кора, верхний слой

Old Turkic: qɨrtɨš 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qɨrtɨš 1 (MK)

Turkish: kɨrtɨš (dial.) 2

Tatar: qɨrtɨš 2

Middle Turkic: qɨrtɨš (Houts.) 2

Oyrat: qɨrtɨš 1

Tuva: qɨrtɨš 2

Kirghiz: qɨrtɨš 2

Kazakh: qɨrtɨs 2

Noghai: qɨrtɨs 2

Bashkir: qɨrtɨš 2

Karakalpak: qɨrtɨs 2

Kumyk: qɨrtɨš 2

Comments: VEWT 267, EDT 649, Лексика 391-392, ЭСТЯ 6, 241-242. Cf. also forms reflecting *Kɨrɨĺ: Yak. kɨrɨs 'thin layer under skin', Tur. kɨrɨš 'wrinkled', Az. Gɨrɨš 'wrinkle' (see ЭСТЯ 6, 242), as well as *Kɨrča(ŋ) 'scab' (see ibid., 244-245).

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨs-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 short 2 narrow 3 to squeeze

Russian meaning: 1 короткий 2 узкий 3 сдавливать

Old Turkic: qɨsɣa (Orkh.) 1

Karakhanid: qɨs- 3 (MK, KB), qɨsɨɣ 2 (MK), qɨsqa 1 (KB), qɨsɣa 1 (MK)

Turkish: kɨsa 1, kɨs- 3

Tatar: qɨsqa 1, qɨs- 3

Middle Turkic: qɨsqa 1 (Abush.), qɨs- (MA)

Uzbek: qisqa 1

Uighur: qisqa 1

Sary-Yughur: GɨsGa, qɨsGa 1

Azerbaidzhan: Gɨsa 1

Turkmen: GɨsGa 1, Gɨs- 3

Khakassian: xɨsxa 1, xɨs- 3

Oyrat: qɨsqa 1

Chuvash: xǝzǝk 2, xǝs- 4

Yakut: kɨhaj- 3

Dolgan: kɨhalga 'straits, sorrow' ( = Yak. kɨhalga)

Tuva: qɨsqa 1, qɨ's- 4, qɨzɨ̄ 2

Tofalar: qɨ'sqa 1, qɨ's- 4

Kirghiz: qɨsqa 1

Kazakh: qɨsqa 1

Noghai: qɨsqa 1

Bashkir: qɨsqa 1

Balkar: qɨsxa 1

Gagauz: qɨsa 1

Karaim: qsɨqa 1

Karakalpak: qɨsqa 1

Salar: qɨsGa 1

Comments: PT *Kɨs-ga 'short' is derived from PT *Kɨs- 'to press, squeeze'. See VEWT 267, EDT 665-7, ЭСТЯ 6, 251-253, Stachowski 167.

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨsɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 barren (cow) 2 barren mare

Russian meaning: 1 яловая (корова) 2 яловая кобыла

Karakhanid: qɨsɨr 1, qɨsraq 2 (MK)

Turkish: kɨsɨr 1, kɨsrak 2

Tatar: qɨsɨr 1

Middle Turkic: qɨsɨr (Pav. C.) 1, qɨsɨraq 2 (Houts., Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: qisir 1

Uighur: qisir 1

Sary-Yughur: qɨsɨraq 2

Azerbaidzhan: Gɨsɨr 1, GɨsraG 2

Turkmen: Gɨsɨr 1, Gɨsraq 2

Khakassian: xɨzɨr 1, xɨzɨrax 2

Shor: qɨzɨr 1

Oyrat: qɨzɨr 1

Halaj: qɨsɨr 1

Chuvash: xǝzǝr 1, kǝsre 2

Yakut: kɨtarā- 'стать стародойною, яловеть'

Dolgan: kɨtarak 'barren'

Tuva: qɨzɨr 1, qɨzɨraq 2

Kirghiz: qɨsɨr 1, qɨsɨraq 2

Kazakh: qɨsɨr 1, qɨsɨraq 2

Noghai: qɨsɨr 1

Bashkir: qɨɵɨr 1, qɨɵɨraq (dial.) 2

Balkar: qɨsɨr 1

Gagauz: qɨsɨr 1, qɨsɨraq 2

Karaim: qɨsɨr 1, qɨsɨraq 2

Karakalpak: qɨsɨr 1, qɨsɨraq 2

Kumyk: qɨsɨr 1

Comments: EDT 668-669, VEWT 267, 268, ЭСТЯ 6, 249-251, Stachowski 170. Turk. > Kalm. kīsr, KW 234 (but Doerfer TMN 3, 476 objects, saying that Kalm. is a "dialektische Variante von kǖsr < ke'ü-ser"); > Mong. qusuraŋ / kisuraŋ 'barren (cow)' > Man. kisari.

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: not enough, insufficient

Russian meaning: недостаточный, скудный

Turkish: kɨt; kɨtlɨk 'Ungenügendheit, Hungersnot'

Middle Turkic: qɨt (AH, IM)

Uighur: qitiɣir 'miserly'

Azerbaidzhan: Gɨt

Turkmen: Gɨt

Shor: qɨtɨj 'miserly'

Chuvash: xǝdǝx 'compulsion'

Tuva: qɨdɨɣ 'oppressed'

Kirghiz: qɨdɨq 'dwarf', qɨtɨj- 'secretive', qɨtɨraj- 'lean and small'

Kazakh: qɨtɨqtan- 'to be offended'

Noghai: qɨt

Bashkir: qɨtlɨq 'hunger' (dial.)

Balkar: qɨt

Karaim: qɨt

Karakalpak: qɨt

Kumyk: qɨt

Comments: VEWT 268, ЭСТЯ 6, 252.

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨ̄č-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to criticize, malice

Russian meaning: критиковать, злобствовать

Karakhanid: qɨčur- (MK)

Tatar: qɨǯɨ- (R.)

Turkmen: Gɨ̄ǯɨt 'reproach'

Khakassian: xɨsxar- 'to reproach, blame', xɨǯɨr- 'to tease smb.'

Yakut: kɨ̄hɨr-

Tuva: qɨžɨrɨ- 'to tease, ridicule'

Kirghiz: qɨǯɨn-

Comments: EDT 59.

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨ̄čɨk, *gīči-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 itching, tickling 2 to tickle

Russian meaning: 1 зуд, щекотка 2 щекотать

Karakhanid: kiči-, qɨčɨ-la- (v.) (MK)

Turkish: giǯik- 2, giǯik, gɨǯɨk 1

Tatar: keče- (dial.) 2

Middle Turkic: giǯik 1 (Pav. C.)

Turkmen: gīǯi 1, Gɨǯɨq 1, gīǯe- 2

Chuvash: kǝźǝ 1

Tuva: kiǯi- 2

Tofalar: kiǯi- 2

Balkar: kičüw 1

Karaim: kiči- 2

Comments: VEWT 260, 269, ЭСТЯ 3, 42-43, 6, 186-187, TMN 3, 567, EDT 591, 695. The back row variant is interacting with PT *Kɨč- 'to scrape, itch' q. v. sub *k`i̯ùčù.

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨ̄jn

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 punishment, fine, guilt 2 to punish 3 cruelty, tyranny 4 to condemn 5 hard, difficult 6 to torture 7 insult, offence 8 to offend 9 harm, torture 10 sin 11 to annoy, anger 12 to beat

Russian meaning: 1 наказание, штраф, вина 2 наказывать 3 жестокость, тирания 4 осуждать, порицать 5 трудный, тяжелый 6 мучить 7 обида 8 обижать 9 беда, мучение 10 грех 11 сердить, раздражать 12 бить

Old Turkic: qɨjnɨɣ (acc.) (Orkh.), qɨjn, qɨn (OUygh.) 1, qɨna- 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qɨn, qɨjɨn (KB) 1, qɨna- 2 (MK, KB)

Turkish: kɨjɨn, kɨjɨnč 3, kɨna- 4

Tatar: qɨjɨn 5, qɨjɨna- 'to make difficult, hard'

Middle Turkic: qɨjɨn (Abush., Бор. Бад., MA), qɨn (Pav. C.), qɨna- 2 (Sangl.)

Uzbek: qijin 5, qijna- 6

Uighur: qijin 5, qijna- 6

Sary-Yughur: qɨn 1

Azerbaidzhan: Gɨna- 4

Turkmen: qɨ̄n 5, qɨ̄na- 'to make difficult, torture'

Khakassian: xɨjɨx 7, xɨjal 9

Shor: qɨjal 9, 10, qɨjɨq-ta- 8, qɨjnaɣ 9 (*qɨń-laɣ)

Oyrat: qɨjɨn, qɨjna- 6, qɨjal 10, dial. (Баск. Туба) qɨj- 6

Chuvash: xǝn 1

Yakut: kɨ̄nńā-, kɨjaxā- 11, kɨj- 'to pain, ache'

Dolgan: kɨjŋa- 11, kɨj- 'to kill'

Tuva: xɨjna- 6

Kirghiz: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjɨt- 'to make difficult, troublesome', qɨjna- 6

Kazakh: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 6, qɨnž-ɨl- 'to be distressed'

Noghai: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 6

Bashkir: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 12

Balkar: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 12

Karaim: qɨjɨn, qejin 1, qɨjna- 6

Karakalpak: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 6

Kumyk: qɨjɨn 1, qɨjna- 6

Comments: VEWT 264. EDT 631, ЭСТЯ 6, 218-219, Stachowski 168. Turk. *Kɨ̄jna- > MMong. qina- 'to torture' (Щербак 1997, 165). Nasalless forms (like Yak. kɨjaxā- etc.) may result from a reanalysis of the form *Kɨ̄jn as *Kɨjɨn, interpreted as a deverbative noun. Turk. > Hung. kín 'torture, suffering' (Gombocz 1912).

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨ̄ĺ-gun

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: eatable grass

Russian meaning: кормовая трава

Karakhanid: qɨšɣun (MK) 'свежий тростник, который ест скот'

Oyrat: qɨšqɨn 'пырей'

Chuvash: xǝlɣen 'кипрей'

Yakut: kɨ̄s ot 'конский щавель'

Comments: EDT 672.

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨ̄n

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sheath, scabbard

Russian meaning: ножны, чехол

Karakhanid: qɨn (MK, KB)

Turkish: kɨn

Tatar: qɨn

Middle Turkic: qɨn (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qin, (Khorazm dial.) qɨjn

Uighur: qin

Sary-Yughur: qɨn (ЯЖУ)

Azerbaidzhan: Gɨn

Turkmen: Gɨ̄n

Khakassian: xɨn

Shor: qɨn

Oyrat: qɨn

Chuvash: jǝnǝ, dial. ǝnǝ

Yakut: kɨ̄n

Tuva: xɨn

Kirghiz: qɨn

Kazakh: qɨn

Noghai: qɨn

Bashkir: qɨn

Balkar: qɨn

Gagauz: qɨn

Karaim: qɨn

Karakalpak: qɨn

Kumyk: qɨn

Comments: VEWT 264, EDT 630-631, Егоров 79, Лексика 571, ЭСТЯ 6, 217-218.

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨ̄ŕ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: red

Russian meaning: красный

Old Turkic: qɨzɨl (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qɨzɨl (MK, KB)

Turkish: kɨzɨl

Tatar: qɨzɨl

Middle Turkic: qɨzɨl (MA)

Uzbek: qizil

Uighur: qizil

Sary-Yughur: qizil

Azerbaidzhan: Gɨzɨl

Turkmen: Gɨzɨl

Khakassian: xɨzɨl

Shor: qɨzɨl

Oyrat: qɨzɨl

Halaj: qɨzɨl

Chuvash: xǝrlǝ

Yakut: kɨhɨl

Dolgan: kɨhɨl

Tuva: qɨzɨl

Tofalar: qɨzɨl

Kirghiz: qɨzɨl

Kazakh: qɨzɨl

Noghai: qɨzɨl

Bashkir: qɨδɨl

Balkar: qɨzɨl

Gagauz: qɨzɨl

Karaim: qɨzɨl

Karakalpak: qɨzɨl

Salar: Gɨzil

Kumyk: qɨzɨl

Comments: PT *Kɨŕ-ɨl 'red' is derived from *Kɨ̄ŕ- 'to redden; glow' (Turkm. Gɨz-, Tur. kɨz- etc.), where length is witnessed by Yak. kɨ̄s-. One has to assume shortening in polysyllabic derivatives (besides *Kɨŕɨl also *Kɨŕ-ɨk-, *Kɨŕl-ar-), with secondary analogical shortening in Turkm. Gɨz-; see VEWT 269, EDT 681, 683-4, TMN 3, 469, Лексика 602-603, ЭСТЯ 6, 187-189, 194-196, Stachowski 167. Cf. also *Kɨ̄r 'grey' (VEWT 265, TMN 3, 567, ЭСТЯ 6, 229-230).

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨ̄ŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 girl 2 woman

Russian meaning: 1 девушка 2 женщина

Old Turkic: qɨz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qɨz 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: kɨz 1

Tatar: qɨz 1

Middle Turkic: qɨz 1 (Pav. C., MA)

Uzbek: qiz 1

Uighur: qiz 1

Sary-Yughur: qɨs 1

Azerbaidzhan: Gɨz 1

Turkmen: Gɨ̄z 1

Khakassian: xɨs 1

Shor: qɨs 1

Oyrat: qɨs 1

Chuvash: xǝr 1, xǝr-(arъm) 2

Yakut: kɨ̄s 1

Dolgan: kɨ̄s 1

Tuva: qɨs 1

Tofalar: qɨs 1

Kirghiz: qɨz 1

Kazakh: qɨz 1

Noghai: qɨz 1

Bashkir: qɨδ 1

Balkar: qɨz 1

Gagauz: qɨz 1

Karaim: qɨz 1

Karakalpak: qɨz 1

Salar: qɨz 1

Kumyk: qɨz 1

Comments: VEWT 269, TMN 3, 569-70, EDT 679-80, Лексика 295, 318, ЭСТЯ 6, 190-191, Stachowski 172. For PT one should reconstruct variants *kɨ̄ŕ/*kɨ̄r (they are reflected in several derivatives, e.g. *Kɨ̄r-kɨn, see Лексика 317-318, ЭСТЯ 6, 237, *Kɨr-nak, see TMN 3, 456, ЭСТЯ 6, 240).

Proto-Turkic: *Kɨ̄tɨr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to walk, go round

Russian meaning: ходить, обходить вокруг

Turkish: kɨdɨr- (dial.)

Tatar: qɨdɨr- (dial.)

Uzbek: qidir-

Turkmen: Gɨdɨr- (dial.)

Yakut: kɨtɨgɨras 'проворный, быстрый, резвый (о звере), скороход'

Kirghiz: qɨdɨr-; qɨdɨŋ 'семенящий при беге (о жив.)'

Kazakh: qɨdɨr-

Noghai: qɨdɨr-

Bashkir: qɨδɨr-

Balkar: qɨdɨr-

Karaim: qɨdɨr-

Karakalpak: qɨdɨr-

Kumyk: qɨdɨr-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 6, 185.

Proto-Turkic: *Ko-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to put

Russian meaning: класть

Turkish: ko-

Middle Turkic: qo- (Pav. C., IM)

Chuvash: xɨv-, xu-

Karaim: qo-

Comments: VEWT 273, ЭСТЯ 6, 27-29. The root seems archaic, but in most languages (beginning with OT) was substituted by the synonymous *Kod- (v. sub *k`ŏda), being preserved only in Chag., Osm. and Chuv.

Proto-Turkic: *Kob-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to slander 2 conjuration, exorcism

Russian meaning: 1 клеветать 2 заклинание

Old Turkic: qovla- 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qovuz, qovuč 2 (MK)

Turkish: kovu, kovɨ (dial.) 'slander'

Middle Turkic: qov 'slander' (AH)

Yakut: xobulā- 1

Comments: ЭСТЯ 6, 17-18, EDT 584, Clark 1977, 147. Turk. > WMong. qob 'gossip' (KW 181), whence again Oyr. qop etc. (VEWT 281). Despite EDT 584, hardly connected with *Kob- 'to chase' (v. sub *gŏ̀bè).

Proto-Turkic: *Kob-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to follow, chase

Russian meaning: преследовать, гнаться

Karakhanid: qov- (MK)

Turkish: kov-

Tatar: quw-

Middle Turkic: qov- (AH), qaw- (Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: qaw- (dial.), quw-

Azerbaidzhan: Gov-

Turkmen: qov-

Oyrat: qū-

Chuvash: xu-, xъv-

Kirghiz: qū-, qubala-

Kazakh: quw-

Noghai: quw-

Bashkir: qɨw-

Balkar: quw-

Gagauz: qū-

Karaim: quw-

Karakalpak: quw-

Kumyk: quw-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 6, 9-10, VEWT 275, Федотов 2, 315-316. The Karakh. derivative qovdaq 'greedy' (although scarcely attested) is a probable source of WMong. qobduɣ 'greedy', see Clark 1977, 147.

Proto-Turkic: *Kobga

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: pail, bucket

Russian meaning: ведро

Old Turkic: qovɣa (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qova (MK Oghuz)

Turkish: kova, koɣa

Middle Turkic: qova (AH), qopqa (Pav. C., Бор. Бад., Abush.)

Uzbek: qawɣa (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: Gova

Turkmen: Gova

Tuva: xuva

Kazakh: qawɣa

Noghai: qawɣa

Karaim: qova, qopqa

Karakalpak: qawɣa, ɣawɣa

Comments: EDT 583-584, ЭСТЯ 6, 12-13. Turk. > Mong. qobuɣa 'bucket, trough'.

Proto-Turkic: *Kobu-k

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: empty, hollow

Russian meaning: пустой, полый

Old Turkic: qovɨ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qovɨ, qovuq (MK)

Turkish: kovuk, gavɨk (dial.)

Middle Turkic: qovuq (AH)

Uighur: quaq (dial.)

Turkmen: Govaq, Govuq, Govalč, Govuz

Khakassian: xax

Comments: VEWT 273, TMN 3, 415, ЭСТЯ 6, 5-6.

Proto-Turkic: *Kobuĺ, *Kobuĺa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sharpened (arrow) 2 to sharpen, plane

Russian meaning: 1 заостренная (стрела) 2 точить, строгать

Old Turkic: qovuša- (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: qovša- (MK) 2

Turkish: (Osmanli) qovuš, qoɣuš (XVI c.) 1

Comments: EDT 613-614.

Proto-Turkic: *Koč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: ram

Russian meaning: баран

Old Turkic: qočqar, qočuŋar (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qočŋar (MK)

Turkish: koč, kočkar

Tatar: qučqar (dial.)

Middle Turkic: qoč, qočqar (AH, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ɣɔč (dial.), qọčqar

Uighur: qočqa(r), qošqa(r)

Sary-Yughur: qužɣar

Azerbaidzhan: Goč

Turkmen: Goč, GočGar

Oyrat: qočqor

Halaj: Goč

Tuva: qošqar

Kirghiz: qočqor

Kazakh: qošqar

Noghai: qošqar

Bashkir: qušqar

Balkar: qocxar

Gagauz: qoč

Karaim: qoč, qočqar, qočxar

Karakalpak: ɣoš, qošqar

Salar: qošqor, qošqur

Kumyk: qočqar

Comments: Лексика 432, TMN 3, 539, 540-541, EDT 592, ЭСТЯ 6, 87-88. Turk. > Hung. kos, see Gombocz 1912; Russ. dial. kočkór, kočkáŕ, see Аникин 308, 309.

Proto-Turkic: *Kod-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to put, leave, abandon

Russian meaning: класть, оставлять, покидать

Old Turkic: qod- (Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qoδ- (MK)

Turkish: koj-

Tatar: quj-

Middle Turkic: qoj- (AH, Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: qọj-

Uighur: qoj-

Sary-Yughur: quz-

Azerbaidzhan: Goj-

Turkmen: Goj-

Oyrat: qoj-

Chuvash: xor-

Kirghiz: qoj-

Kazakh: qoj-

Noghai: qoj-

Bashkir: quj-

Balkar: qoj-

Gagauz: qoj-

Karaim: qoj-

Karakalpak: qoj-

Kumyk: qoj-

Comments: VEWT 274, EDT 595-596, ЭСТЯ 6, 27-28, Федотов 2, 361. The original meaning (observable in most ancient occurrences, see EDT 595) must have been 'to put aside, leave, abandon'; the meaning 'put' appears somewhat later and is probably due to a merger with *Ko- 'to put' (v. sub *ga), not attested before the XIVth century.