Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Kạ̄rt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: falcon, hawk

Russian meaning: сокол, ястреб

Turkish: kartal

Middle Turkic: qartal (Houts., AH, Sangl.)

Turkmen: dial. Gartal

Khakassian: xartɨɣa

Shor: qartaɣa

Yakut: kɨ̄rt, kɨ̄rdaj

Dolgan: kɨ̄rt

Tuva: xartɨɣa

Kirghiz: qartɨɣa

Kumyk: qartaq

Comments: VEWT 239, ЭСТЯ 5, 316-318, Лексика 169, Stachowski 172. Turk. *kartɨgaj > MMong. qarčigaj (SH qarčiqai), WMong. qarčiɣai (see TMN 1, 404), whence again late MTurk. qarčɨɣaj (see TMN 1, 404-405, Щербак 1997, 208). Loans from Mong. are Man. qarčin 'kite' and MKor. karčikǝi 'yellow falcon' (see Lee 1958, 119, 1964, 191).

Proto-Turkic: *Kāta-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to stick into 2 nail

Russian meaning: 1 вонзать(ся) 2 гвоздь

Turkish: kada- 1, kadak 2 (dial.)

Tatar: qada- 1, qadaq 2

Middle Turkic: qada- (Abush., Pav. C., MA)

Uzbek: qada- 1, qadɔq 2

Uighur: qada- 1, qadaq 2

Sary-Yughur: qataɣ 2

Azerbaidzhan: GadaG 2

Turkmen: Gadaq 2

Oyrat: qada- 1

Chuvash: xudav 2 (Anatri)

Yakut: xatā- 1

Dolgan: katā- 1

Tuva: qada- 1, qadaɣ 2

Kirghiz: qada- 1, qadō 2

Kazakh: qada- 1, qadaq 2

Noghai: qada- 1, qadaq 2

Karakalpak: qada- 1, qadaq 2

Kumyk: qada- 1

Comments: VEWT 217-8, ЭСТЯ 5, 180-182, TMN 3, 420-422, Ашм. XIV, 257, Stachowski 141. Because of the lack of ancient attestation one cannot exclude a borrowing < Mong. (although the variant qadaɣa is very poorly represented there, and may itself be borrowed < Turk.).

Proto-Turkic: *Kẹbi-ĺč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 a gift of food to someone who comes to stack the crop after the fields are clear 2 harvest tax in favour of the poor or the clergy 3 debt

Russian meaning: 1 пищевой подарок тому, кто приходит складывать хлеб в скирды после того, как поля убраны 2 отчисление с урожая в пользу бедных или духовенства 3 долг

Karakhanid: kevšeŋ (MK; spelled kfsŋ) 1

Uzbek: kapsan 2

Uighur: käpsän 2

Chuvash: kivźen 3

Kirghiz: kepsen, kesmen 1

Kazakh: kewsen 1

Comments: Мудрак Дисс.. 89, EDT 585, 691, Федотов 1, 290-291. Turk. > Pers. kafsan 'harvest tax for the clergy and administration'; most modern forms may in fact have been borrowed back < Pers., but the Chuv. form can hardly be separated from the one attested in MK. The theory of its being borrowed from Mong. kölüsün (see Róna-Tas 1988) can be hardly justified. However, Hung. kölczön, indeed, has most probably a Mong. source and is not related to the words above.

Proto-Turkic: *[k]Ebŕe

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: shoulderblade

Russian meaning: лопатка

Turkish: kebze 'shoulderblade, augury'

Tatar: kɛwsɛ 'tree stem'

Middle Turkic: kebze 'shoulder' (Sangl.)

Azerbaidzhan: gäbzä 'handle'

Turkmen: kebze

Kazakh: kebze, köwzö (R)

Bashkir: kɛwδɛ 'body'

Gagauz: kebze

Karakalpak: kebze 'breast'

Comments: VEWT 245, EDT 905, Лексика 242-243. The quality of the initial velar is not quite clear: the Az. form perhaps preserves an archaism, while other Oghuz forms may be kypchakisms; otherwise its Altaic connections become more dubious. KKalp. kepše 'shoulderblade' quoted in VEWT means in reality 'a small shovel' (Russ. лопатка), from Pers. kapča = Osm. kepče 'ein grosser Löffel' (VEWT 254).

Proto-Turkic: *Kebrüč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: ash tree

Russian meaning: ясень

Karakhanid: kevrik 'hornbeam' (Vitex agnus castus) (MK)

Turkish: kürüč, küvrüč (dial.)

Tatar: qorɨč-aɣač

Azerbaidzhan: göjrüš

Chuvash: kavъrъś, kavrъś > Hung. kō̈ris

Noghai: küjriš

Bashkir: qoros-aɣas

Balkar: kürüč, Balk. küjrüč

Kumyk: güjrüč

Comments: EDT 690, VEWT 245, ЭСТЯ 5, 152, Лексика 136, Bläsing 2002. Volga-Turkic languages have a secondary vowel assimilation due to the compound with aɣač. Cf. also Osset. kärz(ä) < Turk., see Abayev 1, 587-588; on Hung. kőris < Turk. see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *kebü-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 straw 2 brushwood 3 rot, dandruff 4 to hull

Russian meaning: 1 солома 2 хворост 3 гниль, перхоть 4 шелушить

Old Turkic: kevük, kövük 1

Karakhanid: küviǯ 'rotten heartwood' (MK)

Turkish: kevik 1 (dial.) 1

Tatar: küzɛ- (dial.) 4

Middle Turkic: kevük (AH) 1

Uzbek: kȫzɛ- (dial.) 4

Turkmen: kövze- 4

Chuvash: kъʷvajt 2

Bashkir: kewek 3, kü(j)δɛ- 4

Comments: EDT 688 (but not < Sogd.), 689. Cf. also *köbŕe- (*kebŕe-?) 'to hull, pound in a mortar' (ЭСТЯ 5, 81, 82).

Proto-Turkic: *Kek- / *Kak-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 curved 2 stick with a hook 3 latch 4 to bend 5 to bend one's neck

Russian meaning: 1 кривой 2 палка с крюком 3 щеколда 4 гнуться 5 выгибать шею

Turkish: keke, dial. gege 2

Tatar: kɛkre, kɛjre 1, 2, kɛkrɛj- 4, (Sib.) kɛgɛ 3

Uzbek: kekkaj-, qaqqaj- 5

Oyrat: kekej- 5

Chuvash: kagъr 2, 3, kagъr-t- 5

Yakut: keɣij-, kekej- 5

Kirghiz: qaqaj-, kekej- 4, 5

Kazakh: qaqaj-, kekirej- 5

Bashkir: käkere 1, käkeräj- 4, käkä-ŋ-lä- 'извиваться о змее', qaqaj- 5

Karakalpak: qaqaj-, kejkej- 5

Comments: VEWT 248.

Proto-Turkic: *keĺč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 belt 2 back, spine

Russian meaning: 1 пояс, ремень 2 спина, хребет

Old Turkic: keš (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: keš ~ kiš (MK) 1

Chuvash: kaźan 2

Kirghiz: kešene 'girdle'

Comments: VEWT 258, EDT 752, MNT 1697, ЭСТЯ 5, 60-61. Sak. käša- 'belt' may be < Turkic (Bailey 56 expresses doubts as to the phonetic regularity of its derivation from Proto-Iran. *kaša 'armpit'). The vowel may have been long - to judge from Turkm. kīšen 'chain' (which reflects a hybrid form between *kiĺe-n 'fetters', q. v. sub *k`ìĺa, and *keĺč 'belt').

Proto-Turkic: *kele-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to speak 2 talk, conversation

Russian meaning: 1 говорить 2 речь, слово

Old Turkic: kele-čü 2

Turkish: dial. keleǯi 2

Middle Turkic: keleči 2 (Houts.), keleče 2 (MA)

Chuvash: kala- 1

Kirghiz: keleč-söz 2

Comments: VEWT 248, ЭСТЯ 5, 32-33, EDT 716 (Clauson considers the word to be a foreign loan which is dubious, see Clark 1977, 136-138). It is also worth mentioning Tur. kelime, Az. kälmä 'word', Turkm. keleme 'sacred words of Qur'an pronounced for protection' - usually regarded as Arabisms, but with some peculiarities (front vocalism, final -e) that could actually indicate Turkic origin, with a secondary merger with the Arabic loan.

Proto-Turkic: *Keleŋü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: field mouse

Russian meaning: мышь-полевка

Karakhanid: kelegü 'al-yarbū' (MK)

Turkish: kelen(g)i, geleni, dial. gelenki

Uighur: keleŋü (IM)

Kirghiz: kelemiš, keler, keles

Comments: VEWT 249, EDT 718, ЭСТЯ 5, 31, Лексика 181. The root is not widely attested (although mentioned by MK), and may become confused with the root for 'lizard'; in Turkic dialects folk-etymologically influenced by gelin 'bride' (cf. also gelincek 'weasel', see Цивьян 1979), which would explain voiced g- (irregular in the Altaic perspective).

Proto-Turkic: *keler / *keleŕ / *kelte

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lizard

Russian meaning: ящерица

Karakhanid: keler (MK)

Turkish: keler (dial.), kelez (dial.), kelte-keler (dial.)

Middle Turkic: keles (MA)

Uzbek: kälti-kälas, kälɔs (dial.), kältä (dial.)

Uighur: kilɛr (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: kesilkǝ

Azerbaidzhan: kelez, käläz

Khakassian: kileskǝ

Shor: kelesken

Oyrat: keleski

Chuvash: kalda

Tuva: xeleske

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 30-32, 34, Лексика 180-181; *keleŕ > Mong. keles, see Щербак 1997, 126. Despite ЭСТЯ the Chuv. form cannot be borrowed from Tat; rather, vice versa, some Volga-Qypchaq languages have borrowed the Bulg. word.

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