Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Kạt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hard

Russian meaning: твердый

Old Turkic: qatɨɣ (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qatɨɣ (MK, KB, IM)

Turkish: kat (dial.)

Tatar: qatɨ

Middle Turkic: qatɨɣ (MA)

Uzbek: qɔtiq

Uighur: qetiq

Azerbaidzhan: Gatɨ

Turkmen: Gat, Gatɨ

Khakassian: xatɨɣ

Shor: qadɨɣ

Oyrat: qatū

Chuvash: xɨdъ

Yakut: kɨtānax

Dolgan: kɨtānak

Tuva: qa'dɨɣ

Kirghiz: qatū

Kazakh: qattɨ

Noghai: qat

Bashkir: qatɨ

Karakalpak: qattɨ

Kumyk: qatɨ

Comments: EDT 597-598, VEWT 241, ЭСТЯ 5, 334-335, Stachowski 170. Yak. xat-, Dolg. kat- 'to dry up' (Stachowski 140) < Mong. qata- id. Khak. xatɨɣ also probably has -t- under Mong. influence.

Proto-Turkic: *Kat-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to heat (oven) 2 (fire) steel 3 to bake

Russian meaning: 1 топить печь 2 огниво 3 печь

Chuvash: xot- 1

Yakut: xatat 2

Kirghiz: qatɨr- 3

Comments: Ашм. XVI, 256, ЭСТЯ 5, 335 (connected with *kat- 'dry', but in fact a different root because of the Chuvash form). However, if Mari oltaš 'heat' is from Bulg., the original form could be *Kal-t- and should be removed from the etymology (cf. Федотов 2, 372).

Proto-Turkic: *Kat-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to mix, add, tie to

Russian meaning: смешивать, добавлять

Old Turkic: qat- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qat- (MK, KB)

Turkish: kat-

Tatar: qat-

Middle Turkic: qat- (Sangl., MA, Pav. C., Qutb.)

Uighur: qat-

Azerbaidzhan: Gat-

Turkmen: Gat-

Khakassian: xat-

Shor: qat-

Oyrat: qat-

Chuvash: xodъš 'mixture'

Yakut: xat- (but kɨtar- 'to mix')

Dolgan: kat-

Tuva: qa't-

Tofalar: qa't-

Kirghiz: qat-

Kazakh: qat-

Noghai: qat-

Bashkir: qat-

Balkar: qat-

Karakalpak: qat-

Kumyk: qat-

Comments: EDT 594-595, VEWT 241, ЭСТЯ 5, 336, 337-338, Stachowski 141, Федотов 2, 373-374.

Proto-Turkic: *Kat

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: layer

Russian meaning: слой

Old Turkic: qat (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qat (MK, KB)

Turkish: kat

Tatar: qat

Middle Turkic: qat (Houts., AH, IM, MA)

Uzbek: qɔt, dial. qɛt

Uighur: qat

Azerbaidzhan: Gat

Turkmen: Gat

Khakassian: xat

Oyrat: qat

Chuvash: xut

Yakut: xat 'double, X times'

Dolgan: kat 'X times'

Tuva: qa't

Kirghiz: qat

Bashkir: qat

Karakalpak: qat

Kumyk: qat

Comments: VEWT 241, ЭСТЯ 5, 335-336, TMN 3, 419, Stachowski 140, Ашм. XVI, 250-255, Федотов 2, 371-372. The original meaning must have been "one of two layers" - as witnessed by the Yak. meaning and by external evidence.

Proto-Turkic: *KAt (?)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a fabulous animal, unicorn

Russian meaning: сказочное животное, единорог

Old Turkic: qat (OUygh.: Chin.-Uygh. Dict.)

Middle Turkic: (Xwar.) qat (Oghuz-nama)

Comments: VEWT 241, TMN 4, 393, EDT 593. Somewhat dubious: the word may represent a rendering of Sanskr. khaḍga 'rhinoceros' (through Tokharian?); cf. OUygh. ktki 'id.'.

Proto-Turkic: *Katar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to turn (a horse) back, preventing it from going; to turn (the enemy) back 2 to drive, pursue 3 to pasture 4 to keep watch 5 to wait

Russian meaning: 1 поворачивать (лошадь) вспять; обращать врага в бегство 2 гнать, преследовать 3 пасти 4 наблюдать 5 ждать

Karakhanid: qatar- (MK) 1

Turkish: katarla-, katala- (dial.) 2

Khakassian: xadar- 3,4,5

Shor: qadar- 3,4,5

Oyrat: qadar- 3,4,5

Tuva: qadar- 3,4,5

Comments: EDT 604, ЭСТЯ 5, 337.

Proto-Turkic: *KAtɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mule

Russian meaning: мул

Karakhanid: qatɨr (MK, KB)

Turkish: katɨr

Middle Turkic: qatɨr (AH, Houts., IM)

Azerbaidzhan: Gatɨr

Turkmen: Gatɨr

Noghai: qatɨr

Balkar: qadɨr

Comments: VEWT 242, ЭСТЯ 5, 339-340, TMN 3, N^o 1395. The Turkic form may well be borrowed < Iran., cf. Saka khaḍara- 'mule'. Here -ḍ- points to *rd, cf. Sogd. ɣrtr'k < *xarataraka 'mule' (for a quite similar compound cf. Pers. astar 'mule' < *assa-tara 'horse from one side' (Bailey 70). Doerfer is concerned about lack of length in Turkic, but length is likewise lacking in Saka and other Iranian forms. The only phonetic difficulty is the Turkic reflex -t-, because Saka ḍ in the Saka-Uygh. glossary (14th c.) renders Turkic -r-. In one obvious Saka loan the Saka -ḍ- is indeed rendered as -r-: cūḍāṃ 'stadium' (Av. čarǝtu-) > OT (Hap. by MK) čurām 'a shot with a light far-flying arrow. However, if 'mule' is borrowed, it is hardly a Xinjiang loanword but rather a Common Turkic, and perhaps from another Iranian language (Sogdian?).

Proto-Turkic: *Kạtku-č

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a stinging insect

Russian meaning: кусающее насекомое

Karakhanid: qatquč (MK - Argu) 'a thing which stings like a scorpion'

Chuvash: xɨt-kajъk 'жужелица'

Comments: EDT 599, ДТС. Cf. also (MK) qoδɣu 'fly'. The Chuvash word is analysed as 'hard-bird' or 'hard-animal', which is probably a folk-etymological reanalysis of *kạtku-.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāča

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: earthenware vessel, cup

Russian meaning: глиняный сосуд, чаша

Karakhanid: qača (MK)

Turkish: kap-kaǯak

Uighur: qača

Azerbaidzhan: Gab-GaǯaG

Turkmen: Gāp-GāǯaG

Yakut: xāhax 'big leather-bag, big leather-sack'

Comments: VEWT 217 (hardly < Pers.), EDT 590, ЭСТЯ 5, 342-343.

Proto-Turkic: *Kādɨn

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: relative-in-law

Russian meaning: свойственник

Old Turkic: qadɨn (Yenis., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaδɨn (MK, KB), qadɨn (KB), qajɨn (IM)

Turkish: kajɨn

Tatar: qajɨn

Middle Turkic: qajɨn (Pav. C., MA, Houts.)

Uzbek: qɛjin

Uighur: qejin

Azerbaidzhan: Gajɨn

Turkmen: Gājɨn

Khakassian: xazɨn/ xastɨ

Shor: qazɨn

Oyrat: qajɨn

Chuvash: xoń

Tuva: qatɨ

Tofalar: xattɨ

Kirghiz: qajɨn

Kazakh: qajɨn

Noghai: qajɨn

Bashkir: qajnɨ

Kumyk: qajɨn

Comments: VEWT 218, ЭСТЯ 5, 215-216, Лексика 309, Федотов 2, 358.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāj-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to slide 2 to swim 3 skis

Russian meaning: 1 скользить 2 плавать 3 лыжи

Turkish: kaj-, dial. kajp- 1

Sary-Yughur: qaj- 2

Turkmen: Gāj- 1, 2

Oyrat: qaj- 1

Yakut: xajɨhar 3

Dolgan: kańɨhar, kāńɨhar, xāhar 3

Tuva: xaj- 1

Kirghiz: qajpɨ- 1

Comments: VEWT 233, ЭСТЯ 5, 197-198, Stachowski 137 (nasalization in Dolg. is unclear).

Proto-Turkic: *Kājnat

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 wing 2 fin

Russian meaning: 1 крыло 2 плавник

Old Turkic: qanat (OUygh.- YB) 1

Karakhanid: qanat (MK, KB) 1

Turkish: kanat 1, 2

Tatar: qanat 1

Middle Turkic: qanat (Abush., MA) 1

Uzbek: qanɔt 1

Uighur: qanat 1

Sary-Yughur: qejnat 1

Azerbaidzhan: Ganad, gänäd (dial.) 1

Turkmen: Gānat 1

Khakassian: xanat 1, 2

Shor: qanat 1

Oyrat: qanat 1, 2, qanar 2

Chuvash: śonat 1, 2

Yakut: kɨnat, kɨj̃ɨat 1

Dolgan: kɨnat 1

Tuva: qanat 1

Tofalar: xanat 1

Kirghiz: qanat 1

Kazakh: qanat 1

Noghai: qanat 1

Bashkir: qanat 1

Balkar: qanat 1, 2

Gagauz: qanat 1

Karaim: qanat 1, 2

Karakalpak: qanat 1

Salar: qanat (Kakuk,ССЯ)

Kumyk: qanat 1

Comments: VEWT 230, TMN 3, 518, EDT 635, ЭСТЯ 5, 252-253, Федотов 2, 137, Лексика 149-150, Stachowski 168. Initial ś- in Chuv. is unclear (effect of *-j-?).

Proto-Turkic: *Kāla-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to heap up, pile up

Russian meaning: накладывать, нагромождать

Karakhanid: qala- (MK)

Turkish: dial. kala-, gala-

Middle Turkic: qala- (Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: qɛla-

Uighur: qala-

Azerbaidzhan: Gala-

Turkmen: dial. Gāla-

Oyrat: qala-

Yakut: xāla-

Kirghiz: qala-

Kazakh: qala-

Noghai: qala-

Balkar: qala-

Karakalpak: qala-

Comments: VEWT 224, EDT 617, ЭСТЯ 5, 228-229.

Proto-Turkic: *Kām-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to throw, strike down 2 to move, walk

Russian meaning: 1 кидать 2 двигаться, ходить

Old Turkic: qam- (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: qam- 'to lower' (MK)

Middle Turkic: qam- 'to lower' (MN)

Chuvash: xъʷm- 'махать, замахиваться'

Yakut: xāmp- 2

Dolgan: kām- 2

Comments: VEWT 228, EDT 625; Stachowski 142. The connection of OT qam- and Yak. qāmp- is rather problematic, but possible (we are not aware of other etymologies). For the Yak. word cf. perhaps Bur. xambɨ 'packtrain, caravan'.

Proto-Turkic: *Kān-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be satisfied

Russian meaning: быть удовлетворенным

Old Turkic: qan- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qan- (MK, KB, IM)

Turkish: kan-

Tatar: qan-

Middle Turkic: (OKypch.) qan- (AH)

Uzbek: qɔn-

Uighur: qan-

Azerbaidzhan: Gan-

Turkmen: Gān-

Khakassian: xan-

Shor: qan-

Oyrat: qan-

Yakut: xan-

Dolgan: kan-

Tuva: xan-

Kirghiz: qan-

Kazakh: qan-

Noghai: qan-

Bashkir: qan-

Balkar: qan-

Karakalpak: qan-

Kumyk: qan-

Comments: EDT 632, VEWT 230, ЭСТЯ 5, 251-252, Stachowski 136.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāp-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to swell, form blisters 2 thick, swollen 3 hill, mound

Russian meaning: 1 распухать, нарывать 2 толстый, распухший 3 холм, возвышение

Karakhanid: qapar- 1, qapa (MK) 3

Turkish: kabar- 1, kaba 2

Tatar: qabar- 1, qaba 2

Middle Turkic: (OKypch.) qabar- (AH) 1, qaba (Houts., AH) 2

Uighur: qapa(r)- 1, dial. qova 2

Azerbaidzhan: Gabar- 1, Gaba 2

Turkmen: Gābar- 1, Gāba 2

Chuvash: xъʷba-lan- 1

Yakut: xaba-lan- 1

Tuva: xavar-, xapɨj- 1

Kirghiz: qabar- 1, qabaq 3

Kazakh: qabar- 1, qaba 2

Noghai: qabar- 1

Bashkir: qabar- 1, qabaq 3

Karakalpak: qabar- 1, qapa 2

Kumyk: qabar- 1, qaba 2

Comments: VEWT 215, 233, ЭСТЯ 5, 158, 165-166.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sack 2 to surround

Russian meaning: 1 мешок 2 окружать

Karakhanid: qap 1 (MK)

Turkish: kap 1

Tatar: qap 1

Middle Turkic: qap 1 (MA, IM), qaba- 'to besiege' (Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: qɔp 1

Uighur: qap 1, dial. qaba- 2

Sary-Yughur: qap 1

Azerbaidzhan: Gab

Turkmen: Gāp 1, Gāba- 2

Khakassian: xap 1

Shor: qap 1

Oyrat: qap 1

Yakut: xappar 1 (?)

Tuva: xap 1

Tofalar: qap/b- 1

Kirghiz: qap 1

Kazakh: qap 1

Noghai: qap 1

Bashkir: qap 1

Balkar: qap 1

Gagauz: qap 1

Karaim: qap 1

Karakalpak: qap 1

Kumyk: qap 1

Comments: VEWT 233, TMN 3, 366-367, EDT 578 (should be separated from *kab!) ЭСТЯ 5, 159, 266-267 (with a partial confusion with another root, probably of Mongolian origin, see under *KAmug), 266-267. Despite Doerfer (ibid.) the resemblance with *Kāpuk 'bark' is only superficial. See also notes to *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak 'forehead, eyebrow/eyelid'.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 caul 2 virgin's hymen 3 scrotum 4 bladder 5 afterbirth

Russian meaning: 1 оболочка плода 2 девственная плева 3 мошонка 4 пузырь 5 послед

Karakhanid: qap (MK) 1, qapaq (MK) 2

Tatar: qapčɨq 3, 4

Shor: qabɨčaq 1

Oyrat: qapčɨq 3

Chuvash: köpček 5

Tuva: xapčɨq 3

Comments: EDT 578, 583; ЭСТЯ 5, 266-267 (the root should be probably distinguished from the homonymous *Kāp 'sack, cover' q. v. sub *k[ā]p`á).

Proto-Turkic: *Kāpuk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bark (n.) 2 shell

Russian meaning: 1 кора 2 скорлупа

Karakhanid: qabɨq (Tefs.) 1, 2

Turkish: kabuk 1, 2

Tatar: qabɨq 1, 2

Middle Turkic: qapuq 1 (MA, AH)

Uzbek: qɔbiq 1, 2

Uighur: qobuq (R, o-t) 1, 2

Azerbaidzhan: GabɨG 1, 2

Turkmen: GābɨG 1, 2

Khakassian: xabɨx (Kach.) 1, 2

Shor: qabɨq 2

Oyrat: qabɨq 1, 2

Chuvash: xobъ 1, 2

Tuva: xavɨq 2

Kirghiz: qabɨq 1, 2

Kazakh: qabɨq 1, 2

Noghai: qabɨq 1, 2

Bashkir: qabɨq 1, 2

Balkar: qabuq 1, 2

Gagauz: qap, qabɨ 1, 2 'external cover, covering'

Karaim: qabux 1, 2

Karakalpak: qabɨq 1, 2

Kumyk: qabuq 1, 2

Comments: VEWT 234, TMN 3, 368-9, ЭСТЯ 5, 168, Лексика 107, Федотов 2, 358.

Proto-Turkic: *Kāŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: goose

Russian meaning: гусь

Old Turkic: qaz (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaz (MK, KB)

Turkish: kaz

Tatar: qaz

Middle Turkic: qaz (Houts., AH, Pav. C.)

Uighur: ɣaz

Azerbaidzhan: Gaz

Turkmen: Gāz

Khakassian: xas

Shor: qas

Oyrat: qas

Chuvash: xor

Yakut: xās

Dolgan: kās

Tuva: qas

Kirghiz: qaz

Kazakh: qaz

Noghai: qaz

Bashkir: qaδ

Gagauz: qāz

Karakalpak: ɣaz

Kumyk: qaz

Comments: EDT 679, VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 184, Лексика 171, Федотов 2, 361, Stachowski 143.