Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *kijmV

Meaning: vapour, steam; anger

Russian meaning: пар, движение воздуха; гнев

Turkic: *Kɨjm-

Mongolian: *kimura-

Tungus-Manchu: *kīmu-

Korean: *kīm

Comments: KW 231, SKE 112, ТМС 1, 394.

Proto-Altaic: *kìkú

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to bite; rub, scrape

Russian meaning: кусать; царапать, тереть

Turkic: *Kik-

Mongolian: *kegǯe-

Tungus-Manchu: *kik-

Japanese: *kùkúm-

Comments: A derivative *kìkú-čV is probably observable in Karakh. kikčür- = PM *kegǯe-.

Proto-Altaic: *kímo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to arrange, intend

Russian meaning: намереваться, решать, устраивать

Turkic: *Kɨm-

Mongolian: *kima-

Tungus-Manchu: *kim-

Japanese: *kímá-

Comments: KW 231.

Proto-Altaic: *kìp`é

Meaning: bran, millet

Russian meaning: отруби, просо

Turkic: *kẹpek

Mongolian: *kibag

Tungus-Manchu: *kipe

Japanese: *kìmpí

Comments: One of several similar PA roots (see *k`ā́p`a, *k`èpà, *k`i̯ā̀bu, *gébó).

Proto-Altaic: *kìp`í ( ~ -e, -o)

Meaning: attentive, strict

Russian meaning: внимательный, строгий

Mongolian: *kib(i)-si-

Tungus-Manchu: *kib-ča-

Japanese: *kìmpì-si-

Comments: A common derivative *kìp`í-čV is reflected in all branches.

Proto-Altaic: *kìro

Meaning: to cut, mince

Russian meaning: резать, размельчать

Turkic: *Kɨr-

Mongolian: *kira-

Tungus-Manchu: *kire-

Japanese: *kìr-

Comments: KW 244, Menges 1982.

Proto-Altaic: *kirsi ( ~ k`-)

Meaning: a k. of big wild animal

Russian meaning: вид крупного дикого животного

Mongolian: *kirs

Japanese: *kisa

Comments: An interesting Mong.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *kíso

Meaning: to press, squeeze, rub

Russian meaning: давить, сжимать, тереть

Turkic: *Kɨs-

Mongolian: *kisa-

Tungus-Manchu: *kis-k-

Korean: *kɨ̀s-

Japanese: *kǝ́sǝ́nká-

Comments: Poppe 19, 65, 116, VEWT 267, KW 233 (without the Korean parallel), АПиПЯЯ 285. The original meaning may be reconstructed as 'press, scrape off by pressing' (whence 'sharpen' and other meanings). Tone correspondences seem to be regular, but cf. notes on the Korean tone above.

Proto-Altaic: *kiso (~ *kose, k`-, g-)

Meaning: certainly, verily

Russian meaning: точно, очень

Korean: *kɨ́s

Japanese: *kǝsǝ

Comments: A Kor.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *kít`u ( ~ k`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to wait, take time

Russian meaning: ждать, медлить

Mongolian: *kičiɣe-

Korean: *kìtɨ́r'ó-

Japanese: *kútúrǝ(n)k- ( ~ -ua-)

Comments: Cf. *ki̯ū́di, *gòdè (with possible contaminations).

Proto-Altaic: *kíǯV (?)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to lose, disappear

Russian meaning: терять, исчезать

Tungus-Manchu: *kiǯ-

Japanese: *kíjá-

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss; rather dubious because of scarce attestation in TM.

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯adi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to put on, wear

Russian meaning: надевать, носить (одежду)

Turkic: *ged-

Mongolian: *kedü- / *keǯi-

Japanese: *kí-

Comments: KW 236, Poppe 19, Ozawa 197-199, JOAL 72, 73, 136, АПиПЯЯ 72. A possible TM match is Man. adu = Jurch. ha-du 'clothes' < *xadu (ТМС 1, 6); this would make us reconstruct *k`ajdi and suppose a secondary (assimilatory) voicing in Turk. *ged- < *ked-.

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯àdi

Meaning: seam, to sew, lace

Russian meaning: шов, шить, тесьма

Turkic: *K(i)adɨ-

Mongolian: *kaǯi

Tungus-Manchu: *kiade-le-

Korean: *kjǝ̀d-

Comments: ТМС 1, 443.

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ằgru { ~ -br-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to bake, boil

Russian meaning: жарить, варить

Turkic: *KAgur-

Mongolian: *kaɣur-

Tungus-Manchu: *kurgi-

Korean: *kɨ̀rh-

Japanese: *kùrì-dà

Comments: Mong. may be < Turk. (see TMN 3, 542, Щербак 1997, 132), but may well be genuine, see KW 202, Владимирцов 206, Poppe 48. Korean has the typical "verbal" low tone. The specific medial cluster explains somewhat irregular vowel behaviour in Kor.

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ájo

Meaning: strong odour, smoke

Russian meaning: сильный запах, дым

Turkic: *KAjɨr

Mongolian: *kej

Tungus-Manchu: *koja

Japanese: *káiN-púri

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 109, 277, Мудрак Дисс. 103 (see also *gi̯ūbe, *ki̯àjú, with a possibility of contaminations). Note that both in MMong. and OJ the root is sometimes treated as borrowed from MChin. khɨ̀j (see, e.g., Rozycki 139) - which is not totally excluded, but somewhat dubious (very early attestation both in Mongolian and Japanese texts, and unexplained vocalism).

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯àjú

Meaning: wind, air

Russian meaning: ветер, воздух

Turkic: *KAj

Mongolian: *kuj

Tungus-Manchu: *kuje

Korean: *kùrì-

Japanese: *kùjú-r-

Comments: Cf. *ki̯ájo: the two roots seem to be distinct, but certainly contaminations were possible. Kor. *kuri- < *kuju-ri-, cf. the Jpn. form.

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯aka ( ~ -k`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: shell

Russian meaning: раковина

Tungus-Manchu: *kiaK-ta / -ikta

Japanese: *kàkî

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 293. A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss; seems quite reliable (linking the Jpn. form with Kor. kur by Martin 238 should be rejected).

Proto-Altaic: *k[i̯a]ma

Meaning: a k. of aquatic bird

Russian meaning: вид водной птицы

Mongolian: *kemerleg

Tungus-Manchu: *k[ia]m-

Korean: *kàmà'ótí

Japanese: *kàmuâ

Comments: Despite some problems with vocalism, the root seems reliable.

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ằmò

Meaning: ghost, spirit

Russian meaning: дух

Turkic: *Kiam

Mongolian: *keme-

Tungus-Manchu: *kum-

Japanese: *kàmù-i

Comments: Мудрак Дисс. 192 (Turk.-Mong.). Cf. perhaps also MKor. -kɨ́m in nīm-kɨ́m 'master, Lord' (if -kɨ́m is not borrowed < Jpn. kimi, see under *k`i̯óŋi).

Proto-Altaic: *ki̯amp`a

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: top, top of head

Russian meaning: верхушка, верх головы

Turkic: *k(i)amak / *k(i)apak

Tungus-Manchu: *kiama / *kiapa

Korean: *kàmá

Japanese: *kàm(p)-

Comments: PKE 68 (Kor.-Turk., without Japanese parallels), АПиПЯЯ 279, Лексика 200. Tone correspondence between Kor. and Jpn. is irregular. The variation between *-m- and *-p- in most subgroups reflects the PA cluster *-mp`-, possibly with later interdialectal loans.