Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *gī́ŕa ( ~-o,-u)

Meaning: girl, mate

Russian meaning: девушка, спутница

Tungus-Manchu: *girkī

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss. Cf. perhaps Mong. *gergei 'wife' (if not derived from *ger 'house'; Mong. pl. gergen > Yak., Dolg. kergen 'family', see Kaɫ. MEJ 28, Stachowski 145).

Proto-Altaic: *gŏ̀bè ( ~ -o)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to search, hunt

Russian meaning: искать, охотиться

Turkic: *Kob-

Mongolian: *guji-

Tungus-Manchu: *gob-

Japanese: *kǝ̀p-

Comments: KW 156, Владимирцов 160, 272, Poppe 24, 49, Ozawa 202-203, Miller 1985, 145, АПиПЯЯ 81.

Proto-Altaic: *goblu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: valley

Russian meaning: долина

Turkic: *Kōl

Mongolian: *gowl

Tungus-Manchu: *gola

Korean: *kōr

Japanese: *kura

Comments: EAS 48, KW 150, SKE 121, Martin 245, Whitman 1985, 191, 222, Martin 1996, 39, АПиПЯЯ 19, 70. Mong. cannot be borrowed from Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 139.; the isolated Manchu form may be < Mong. (see TMN 1, 439, Doerfer MT 116, Rozycki 91), but not necessarily so.

Proto-Altaic: *gòbù ( ~ -u-)

Meaning: beautiful

Russian meaning: красивый

Turkic: {*Kob-}

Mongolian: *gowa

Korean: *kōb-

Japanese: *kùpà-

Comments: EAS 90, SKE 124 (despite Doerfer's - TMN 1, 422 - doubts, the comparison seems impeccable), Miller 1985, 144-145, АПиПЯЯ 15, 68, Ozawa 18.

Proto-Altaic: *gòdè

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be diligent, persistent, to endure

Russian meaning: быть терпеливым, настойчивым, терпеть

Turkic: *Kodur-

Mongolian: *güǯi-

Japanese: *kǝ̀tàpa-

Comments: Cf. *ki̯ū́di, *kít`u.

Proto-Altaic: *gódú

Meaning: down, to lower

Russian meaning: низ, опускать

Turkic: *Kodɨ

Mongolian: *gudu-

Japanese: *kúntá-r-

Comments: KW 153, Владимирцов 160, 319.

Proto-Altaic: *gojV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: different, other

Russian meaning: другой, отличный

Mongolian: *gojar

Tungus-Manchu: *goj / *gia

Japanese: *kía

Comments: The Jpn. form reflects a contraction *kía < *kV́ja, frequent in roots with medial *-j-.

Proto-Altaic: *gokV

Meaning: a k. of reed or leek

Russian meaning: вид тростника или дикого лука

Turkic: *Koga ( ~ -k-)

Mongolian: *gogu-

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss: not quite reliable because of late attestation, but borrowing in either direction seems improbable. Cf. *gi̯aŋu, *ki̯omga, *k`éma.

Proto-Altaic: *gók`ì (*-dV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: high, peak

Russian meaning: высокий, вершина

Mongolian: *gögde-

Tungus-Manchu: *gugda

Korean: *kòkái

Japanese: *kúkì

Comments: Poppe 19, 51, АПиПЯЯ 288, 295. The Mong. and TM forms reflect a derivative in *-dV (probably originally locative). See also a discussion under *gudV.

Proto-Altaic: *goli ( ̃ -e)

Meaning: female of an ungulate

Russian meaning: самка копытного животного

Turkic: *göle

Tungus-Manchu: *gulu-

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss; cf. perhaps also MMong. gölme, WMong. gölme, Ord. gülme 'skin of ox or swine, saddle cloth'.

Proto-Altaic: *gòlí

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of weapon for sea-hunting

Russian meaning: вид орудия для морской охоты

Mongolian: *gölmi

Tungus-Manchu: *goli

Japanese: *kùrúrí

Comments: A common Altaic cultural term.

Proto-Altaic: *goli

Meaning: log, wooden block

Russian meaning: бревно, чурбан

Turkic: *göl-

Mongolian: *göle- ( ~ -ü-)

Tungus-Manchu: *gola

Japanese: *kura-i

Comments: The word is rather scantily represented in Turkic and Mongolian, but borrowing is rather improbable.

Proto-Altaic: *goŋV(ŕV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of insect

Russian meaning: вид насекомого

Turkic: *Koŋuŕ

Mongolian: *guwur

Tungus-Manchu: *guŋgu

Korean: *kūm(p)-

Comments: KW 157, Дыбо 8, Лексика 188 (Doerfer TMN 3, 527 regards the Turk.-Mong. match as "aus lautlichen Gründen mindestens unwahrscheinlich"), although phonetically the match is quite plausible. The Kor. form is not quite clear morphologically (kūmp(j)ǝŋ(i) < *kūŋ-p(j)ǝŋ, a compound with some unclear second component?), but semantically matches the other forms very well.

Proto-Altaic: *góp`á ( ~ -u-)

Meaning: stump

Russian meaning: пень

Mongolian: *gobur

Japanese: *kámpú

Comments: A Mong.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *górà ( ~ -ŕ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to starve, be empty

Russian meaning: голодать, быть пустым

Mongolian: *guri-

Tungus-Manchu: *gure-

Korean: *kòrh-

Japanese: *kárà

Comments: Martin 231 (Kor.-Jpn.)

Proto-Altaic: *gŏ̀re

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to see; understand

Russian meaning: видеть; понимать, узнавать

Turkic: *göŕ ( = *gör-s) / *gör-

Mongolian: *gori

Tungus-Manchu: *gur-

Korean: *kɨ́rì-

Comments: PKE 85, АПиПЯЯ 281, Дыбо 14. ? Cf. Mong. girkaj 'having good eyesight'.

Proto-Altaic: *got`ò ( ~ -u-, -e)

Meaning: a k. of fish

Russian meaning: вид рыбы

Mongolian: *gutaɣar

Tungus-Manchu: *gutkē-

Japanese: *kǝti ( ~ -ua-)

Comments: It is not quite clear whether Mong. and TM reflect a common derivative *got`ò-gV (with assimilation -g- > -k- in TM) or these are independent derivations.

Proto-Altaic: *gṑje

Meaning: a k. of ferment

Russian meaning: вид квасящего вещества

Turkic: *göjü-

Tungus-Manchu: *gū ( ~ *gǖ)

Korean: *kɨ̄i-

Japanese: *ki

Comments: Jpn. *ki must be a result of early secondary contraction (*kǝj- > *ki).

Proto-Altaic: *gṓli ( ~ -e)

Meaning: to bury, put bones

Russian meaning: хоронить, класть кости

Turkic: *gȫli-