Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *soke

Meaning: to kneel, be inclined

Russian meaning: становиться на колени, склоняться

Turkic: *sök-

Mongolian: *sögüd-

Tungus-Manchu: *suku-

Comments: EAS 71, 148, KW 333, Poppe 30. A Western isogloss. The Mong. forms may be < Turkic (cf. OT sökit-); but cf. also Mong. soɣsuji-, Kalm. soksī- ( > Oyr. soqsoj- etc., VEWT 426) 'to sit without motion' (KW 329).

Proto-Altaic: *soke ( ~ -i̯u-, -k`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to split

Russian meaning: отщеплять

Turkic: *sök-

Japanese: *sǝ̀nk-

Comments: A Turk.-Jpn. isogloss. Cf. perhaps also Mong. segre- 'to be torn to pieces' (although delabialization is unexplainable).

Proto-Altaic: *sokV

Meaning: stuffed guts

Russian meaning: фаршированные внутренности

Turkic: *sogut / *soktu

Mongolian: *sugu-

Tungus-Manchu: *sokta

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *sŏ̀k`o ( ~ -k-)

Meaning: to hit, harm

Russian meaning: бить, вредить

Turkic: *sok-

Mongolian: *sogug

Tungus-Manchu: *suK-

Japanese: *sǝ̀kǝ̀-nap-

Comments: Cf. *sṑk`e, *ši̯ŭk`u, *sák`a.

Proto-Altaic: *sólukV ( ~ z-, -ĺ-, -ak-, -k`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of small fur animal

Russian meaning: вид мелкого пушного животного

Mongolian: *soluŋga

Tungus-Manchu: *sulakī

Korean: *sằrk

Comments: SKE 221, Lee 1958, 117, Poppe 1950, 579, Miller 2000, 62 . Cf. *si̯alo(-kV).

Proto-Altaic: *sòmú (~ z-)

Meaning: gore, gusset

Russian meaning: клин в одежде, ластовица

Mongolian: *sumu

Tungus-Manchu: *soma

Korean: *sắmái

Japanese: *sùmí

Comments: The original meaning was probably 'inner angle in a robe' (hence 'right lap' in Mong. and 'sleeve' in Kor.), with a generalization ( > 'inner angle') in Japanese; the TM match is semantically plausible (a further development 'gusset' > 'fish fin'), but very scantily attested and thus dubious.

Proto-Altaic: *sònŋu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: trace, back, behind

Russian meaning: след, зад

Turkic: *soŋ

Mongolian: *sun-du-

Tungus-Manchu: *soŋka ( ~ *sonŋV-ka)

Japanese: *sùm-

Comments: EAS 119, KW 337 (the Turk.-Mong. match seems valid despite criticism in TMN 1, 348).

Proto-Altaic: *sŏ̀nu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dog hunt, dog rope

Russian meaning: охота с собаками, собачий повод

Turkic: *sonar

Tungus-Manchu: *suna

Korean: *sànhằiŋ

Japanese: *sùnà-tǝr-

Comments: The Kor. form is a secondary derivative from an unattested verb *sàn-hă-, which explains the "verbal" low tone (although the -a-vowel is not quite expected, possibly - a dissimilation from *sằn-hă-). The Jpn. meaning is obviously secondary ("hunting" > "fishing").

Proto-Altaic: *sóra ( ~ z-, -u-, -ŕ-)

Meaning: a k. of dish, basket

Russian meaning: вид блюда, корзины

Tungus-Manchu: *sora

Korean: *sòr-

Japanese: *sárá

Comments: SKE 242, Martin 250. An Eastern isogloss. Cf. perhaps Khak. sara 'a vessel for sifting flour'.

Proto-Altaic: *sōdV ( ~ z-, -ū-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to scoop

Russian meaning: черпать

Tungus-Manchu: *sōda

Korean: *stɨ́-

Comments: A Tung.-Kor. isogloss. Korean has a frequent vowel reduction between a fricative and a stop, which explains the -t-reflex.

Proto-Altaic: *sṓjk`ì

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to curse

Russian meaning: ругать

Turkic: *sȫk-

Mongolian: *sögeɣe- / -k-

Tungus-Manchu: *sujKu-

Japanese: *sikar-

Comments: KW 333, Poppe 109. Hardly borrowed in Mong. < Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 147. Medial *-j-, preserved in Manchu, explains the vowel -i- in Jpn. (otherwise *suk- would be expected).

Proto-Altaic: *sṑk`e

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be harmed, deceived

Russian meaning: ошибаться, попадать в беду

Turkic: *sökel

Mongolian: *sögüɣe

Tungus-Manchu: *sōk-

Korean: *sòk-

Comments: Korean has a usual verbal low tone. Cf. *sŏ̀k`o.

Proto-Altaic: *sṓlo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be lax, loose

Russian meaning: быть расслабленным, свободным

Turkic: *sōl

Mongolian: *sula

Tungus-Manchu: *sula-

Korean: *săr-

Japanese: *sǝra- ( ~ -ua-)

Comments: KW 336, SKE 221 (the Kor. form is found only there and thus questionable). Despite Doerfer MT 26, TM forms are hardly borrowed from Mong.

Proto-Altaic: *sṑlV

Meaning: yellow, bleak

Russian meaning: желтый, бледный

Turkic: *sol-

Tungus-Manchu: *sō-

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *sṓra

Meaning: to ask, inform

Russian meaning: спрашивать, сообщать

Turkic: *sōr(a)-

Mongolian: *sori-

Tungus-Manchu: *sure

Korean: *sā̆rb-

Japanese: *sátǝ́- ( ~ -ua)

Comments: Martin 234 (Turk.-Mong.-Kor.).

Proto-Altaic: *suba ( ~ -bg-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: steam, odour

Russian meaning: пар, запах

Turkic: *sogul-

Mongolian: *sabsa-

Tungus-Manchu: *subgi-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *suba ( ~ -o, -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to tie, bind

Russian meaning: привязывать, увязывать

Turkic: *sub-luk (*sɨb-luk)

Mongolian: *soji-

Tungus-Manchu: *sub-

Comments: A Western isogloss. Cf. *sĭ̀bi, *ši̯ū̀po. The three roots are very difficult to sort out; *suba seems to be particularly connected with harnessing.

Proto-Altaic: *subV ( ~ z-, -p-)

Meaning: a 1-year-old animal

Russian meaning: однолетнее животное

Mongolian: *subaj

Tungus-Manchu: *sube

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *súču ( ~ *si̯účo, *z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: soot, coal

Russian meaning: сажа, уголь

Mongolian: *čučal(i) / *čičula

Korean: *sùsk

Japanese: *sùsû

Comments: Martin 242. Mong. has an assimilation *čuč- < *suč-, usual in roots of this type.

Proto-Altaic: *suda

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to spit out, spurt

Russian meaning: выплевывать, бить струей

Turkic: *sud-

Mongolian: *sadara-

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss.