Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *si̯uga

Meaning: a k. of bird

Russian meaning: вид птицы

Turkic: *sɨgɨrčɨk

Mongolian: *sojir

Tungus-Manchu: *sog-

Korean: *sāi

Comments: Cf. also MKor. sòiròkí 'a k. of bird'. The Kor. word (with an unsuccessful etymology in SKE 218) was compared with Turk. *sar in АПиПЯЯ 295; but the latter should be rather compared with Kor. súrí, see *sàru.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ŭ̀[k]i ( ~ *š-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of bird

Russian meaning: вид птицы

Turkic: *süglin

Korean: *skuǝ̀ŋ

Japanese: *sìnkî

Comments: Korean has a frequent loss of vowel between a fricative and a stop. The medial consonant is not quite clear: perhaps Turk. *süglen < *süklen with a secondary voicing.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ŭli

Meaning: a k. of worm

Russian meaning: вид червя

Turkic: *sül-

Tungus-Manchu: *silV-

Comments: Лексика 185. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ulu ( ~ *z-, -ĺ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: conifer, pine tree

Russian meaning: хвойное дерево, сосна

Mongolian: *silmeɣü-sü

Tungus-Manchu: *sol-

Korean: *sór

Comments: SKE 240.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯umi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dark, obscure

Russian meaning: темный

Turkic: *süm

Mongolian: *süme-

Tungus-Manchu: *sim-

Comments: Räsänen 1955. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *s[i̯ù]mk`i

Meaning: cough

Russian meaning: кашель

Turkic: *simük, *simki-

Tungus-Manchu: *simki-

Japanese: *sàik- ~ siàk-

Comments: An expressive root with some vocalic irregularities.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ùmu

Meaning: a k. of grass, flower

Russian meaning: вид травы, цветка

Mongolian: *sim-

Tungus-Manchu: *sum-

Japanese: *sùm-

Comments: The root must have denoted some blossoming berry or shrub.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯únŋi

Meaning: a k. of knife or lance

Russian meaning: вид ножа или копья

Turkic: *süŋgü

Mongolian: *sumun

Tungus-Manchu: *siŋńa-

Korean: *sòní

Comments: Possibly connected etymologically with *si̯úŋe 'fight'.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯únŋu ( ~ z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: island, shallow place

Russian meaning: остров, отмель

Mongolian: *sinaɣa-

Tungus-Manchu: *suŋnī-

Japanese: *súná

Comments: The meaning 'shallow place' explains the semantic developments ( > 'island', 'sand'; 'tussock in a swamp').

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ùnu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: form, shape

Russian meaning: форма, вид

Turkic: *sɨ(j)n

Mongolian: *süne-sü

Japanese: *sùn-kata

Comments: Originally probably a shamanistic term ('soul', 'shape').

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ùŋe

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: hoar-frost

Russian meaning: иней

Turkic: *seŋ

Mongolian: *söŋ

Tungus-Manchu: *süŋü-

Korean: *sǝ́ŋ- / *sǝ́n- / *sán-

Japanese: *sùnsù-

Comments: KW 333, SKE 234, АПиПЯЯ 81. The vowel in Turkic is unclear. Cf. also Old Koguryo *ṣäñäli 'zephyr' (see Miller 1979, 7). The Kor. and Jpn. form reflect a derived form *si̯ùŋ(e)ĺV.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯úŋe

Meaning: fight, wrestling

Russian meaning: борьба, битва

Turkic: *söŋü-ĺ / *süŋü-ĺ

Tungus-Manchu: *süŋkē-

Japanese: *súmápú

Comments: An element of common Altaic hunting or warrior terminology.

Proto-Altaic: *s[i̯ú]ŋu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to sink

Russian meaning: погружаться

Turkic: *siŋ-

Mongolian: *siŋge-

Tungus-Manchu: *suŋta

Japanese: *síntúm-

Comments: KW 359, Владимирцов 173, Poppe 31, 72, 116 (Turk.-Mong.), Мудрак Дисс. 43. Mong. siŋge- may be borrowed from Turk. (see Щербак 1997, 144), but cf. also WMong. suŋɣu-, šuŋɣa-, Kalm. suŋgǝ-, šuŋgǝ- 'to dive', Dag. šungu- (KW 337, 368, MGCD 726; Mong. > Kirgh. süŋgü- etc., see ЭСТЯ 7) < *siŋV-kV. The Jpn. form fits here rather well (*síntú- = TM *suŋ-ta), but we would rather expect *-u-.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ùŋu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to whine, weep

Russian meaning: плакать, визжать

Turkic: *siŋ- (~ -ɨ-)

Tungus-Manchu: *soŋa-

Japanese: *sùná-

Comments: An onomatopoeic root, but with quite good correspondences. Cf. also notes to *si̯ā́ńi. {ND 2092 compares also WMo seŋgene- 'sing (of wind'): possible if < *siŋgene-.}

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ŭ́ŋV(-kV)

Meaning: a k. of flying insect

Russian meaning: вид летучего насекомого

Turkic: *siŋek

Mongolian: *simaɣul

Tungus-Manchu: *süŋke

Japanese: *sáimì ( ~ -ia-)

Comments: Мудрак Дисс. 42-43, Лексика 186. An insect name, with tabooistic irregular vocalic changes.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ŭ́ŕe

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sound

Russian meaning: звук

Turkic: *söŕ

Mongolian: *sür- / *sur-

Tungus-Manchu: *sür-

Korean: *sòrắi

Comments: KW 338, Lee 1958, 119. Despite Doerfer's criticism in TMN 3, 296 the comparison seems reliable.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ŭ̀ŕi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to flow, drip

Russian meaning: течь, капать

Turkic: *süŕ-

Mongolian: *sür-

Tungus-Manchu: *sir-

Comments: A Western isogloss. The root may in fact be the same as *si̯òri (reflected in the Eastern area) q. v., but modified under the influence of a synonymous *ši̯ŭŕu q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *si̯uŕo

Meaning: to drag; sleigh

Russian meaning: тащить; сани

Turkic: *soŕ-

Tungus-Manchu: *siru-

Korean: *sùr'úi

Japanese: *sǝ́rì ( ~ *-ui, -ǝi)

Comments: Lee 1958, 118 (Kor.-TM).

Proto-Altaic: *si̯uru ( ~ z-, -ŕ-)

Meaning: ant, insect eggs

Russian meaning: муравей, яйца насекомых

Mongolian: *sirgolǯi