Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *sera ( ~ -u, -o)

Meaning: a k. of garlic

Russian meaning: вид чеснока

Turkic: *sarɨmsak

Mongolian: *sar-

Tungus-Manchu: *sergu- ( ~ -ǯ-)

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *seri

Meaning: table, prop

Russian meaning: стол, подставка

Turkic: *serü

Mongolian: *sireɣe

Tungus-Manchu: *seri

Korean: *sìr'ǝ́i

Japanese: *sì(n)tí

Comments: Lee 1958, 116 (Kor.-TM), Лексика 520. The Kor.-Jpn. tones are irregular, perhaps because of some interaction between this root and {*si̯ṓjru}, *ši̯ṑri q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *s[é]rko

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of blossoming bush

Russian meaning: вид цветущего кустарника

Turkic: {Oghuz sorgun 'a k. of willow'}

Mongolian: *surgar

Tungus-Manchu: *seŋkürē

Korean: *sằrkó

Japanese: *sákúra

Comments: The etymology seems plausible, despite some phonetic problems, both explainable as metatheses in an expressive plant name: Mong. surgar instead of an expected *sargur, and TM *seŋkürē instead of an expected *serkü-(ŋē?). Cf. *sáro, with a possibility of contaminations.

Proto-Altaic: *sero

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be curved, coiled

Russian meaning: искривляться, извиваться

Turkic: *sạr-

Mongolian: *sariwu

Korean: *sàrí- / *sǝ̀rí-

Japanese: *sǝr- ( ~ -ua-)

Comments: SKE 224. The vowel in Kor. is aberrant (one would expect *ă); otherwise quite regular.

Proto-Altaic: *seru(k`V) ( ~ z-)

Meaning: a k. of box or bag

Russian meaning: вид ящика или сумки

Mongolian: *sarku

Tungus-Manchu: *seruk

Korean: *sǝ̀rk

Japanese: *sùr(u)ì

Comments: Tone correspondences are not quite clear; the Kor. word is alternatively compared (see Lee 1958, 117) with Manchu šulχu 'basket'. Cf. *sóra.

Proto-Altaic: *sèrV̀

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: buttock, to defecate

Russian meaning: ягодицы, испражняться

Turkic: *sɨrɨ- ~ *sarɨ-

Mongolian: *sari-

Tungus-Manchu: *seri(gi)

Japanese: *sìrì

Comments: Because of the uncertainty of Turkic vowel the vocalic reconstruction is not quite certain.

Proto-Altaic: *sése

Meaning: to order, threaten, incite

Russian meaning: приказывать, угрожать, подстрекать

Turkic: *ses

Tungus-Manchu: *sesu-

Korean: *sìskú-

Japanese: *sǝ́sǝ́-

Comments: A suffixed form *sése-k`V is reflected in PT *ses-ke-n- and PK *sìs-kú-.

Proto-Altaic: *sési

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: deer, wild animal

Russian meaning: олень, дичь

Turkic: *sạs-na- (?)

Tungus-Manchu: *sesi-n

Korean: *sàsắm

Japanese: *sisi

Comments: EAS 102, АПиПЯЯ 79. For the Turk. semantics cf. OJ wi-no-sisi 'pig, swine'. The Turkic reflex, however, is not quite secure: there is only an isolated Chuvash word and the vowel reflex seems aberrant; also unclear is the phonology of the Hung. ( < Bulg.) loanword disznó (presupposing *ǯisnaɣ, see MNyTESz 1, 646-647).

Proto-Altaic: *sḕgù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: healthy; blood

Russian meaning: здоровый; кровь

Turkic: *sạg

Mongolian: *saji(n)

Tungus-Manchu: *sēgV-

Korean: *sà'ó-náb-

Japanese: *sùkù-jaka

Comments: EAS 85, KW 319, Владимирцов 266-267, Poppe 29 (Turk.-Mong.; Doerfer TMN 1, 372 refutes the match for absolutely unclear reasons), АПиПЯЯ 289, Мудрак Дисс. 182. The semantic correlation 'blood': 'health, healthy' is rather usual, thus the TM form belongs here with great probability. Kor. has a usual verbal low tone.

Proto-Altaic: *sēma

Meaning: to get lost, deviate

Russian meaning: теряться, заблуждаться

Turkic: *sAm-

Mongolian: *samur-

Tungus-Manchu: *sēm-

Japanese: *sámá-

Comments: High tone in Jpn. is irregular.

Proto-Altaic: *sḗmi

Meaning: scar, pock-mark, stain

Russian meaning: шрам, оспина, пятно

Turkic: *sēm (~-ī-)

Mongolian: *seme-

Tungus-Manchu: *semke

Korean: *sām

Japanese: *símí

Comments: See also notes under *sāmo.

Proto-Altaic: *sḕmi ( ~ z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: caution, attention

Russian meaning: осторожность, внимание

Tungus-Manchu: *sēme-

Korean: *sàm-

Japanese: *símìas-

Comments: SKE 222-223. An Eastern isogloss; on Jpn. tone see note above.

Proto-Altaic: *sḕnV

Meaning: hole

Russian meaning: дыра

Mongolian: *sen-

Tungus-Manchu: *sēn

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *sēri ( ~ z-, -ŕ-)

Meaning: thread, embroidery

Russian meaning: нить, вышивка

Tungus-Manchu: *serē-

Korean: *sīr

Comments: A Tung.-Kor. isogloss. It resembles the 'silk' / 'China' ser-/sen- Wanderwort, so it can actually go back to OC 纖 *sen (MC sjen) - but rendering MC -n with Kor. -r is extremely strange.

Proto-Altaic: *si

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: thou

Russian meaning: ты

Turkic: *sẹ-

Tungus-Manchu: *si

Japanese: *si

Comments: EAS 72, АПиПЯЯ 52, 284.

Proto-Altaic: *sìbi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bitter, bitter plant

Russian meaning: горький, горькое растение

Turkic: *sibüt

Mongolian: *sibag

Tungus-Manchu: *sipa ( ~ -b-)

Korean: *psɨ́-

Japanese: *sìmpù- / *sìpǝ̀-

Comments: For the usage of the root to denote bitter plants cf. also OJ sibu-kusa 'sorrel'; perhaps also MKor. psúk 'Artemisia' (which is tempting to identify with Mong. sibag). In Kor. we have a secondary metathesis < *spɨ-, like psɨ́r- < *spɨr- < *šĭp`V 'sweep' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *sĭ̀bi

Meaning: to tuck up, tie up

Russian meaning: засучивать, подвязывать

Turkic: *sib- (*süb-)

Mongolian: *siɣu-

Tungus-Manchu: *sib-

Japanese: *sìmpàr-

Comments: The Jpn. form may be actually a combined reflex of PA *sĭ̀bi, *suba and *ši̯ū̀po, all distinguished only in the Western Altaic branch.

Proto-Altaic: *sibo ( ~ z-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wedge, to wedge

Russian meaning: клин, вбивать клин

Mongolian: *sibaga

Tungus-Manchu: *siba-

Korean: *sobija-ki

Comments: Despite Doerfer MT 69 hardly a loan in TM from Mong.

Proto-Altaic: *sìča ( ~ *š-)

Meaning: nut, cone

Russian meaning: орех, шишка

Turkic: *s[ɨ]ča-kaj

Tungus-Manchu: *sisi

Korean: *čǝ́s / *čās

Comments: Because of assimilations the original initial consonant is not quite clear.

Proto-Altaic: *sidí ( ~ š-)

Meaning: to suspend

Russian meaning: подвешивать

Turkic: *südre-

Mongolian: *sidur-

Korean: *sīd-

Japanese: *sinta-r-

Comments: The Turk. form must go back to *sidüre- ( = Mong. sidur-). In TM cf. perhaps Man. sidara- 'to stretch, straighten', siǯi(r)χun 'straight' (ТМС 2, 79), if not < Mong., as suggested by Rozycki 181).