Comments:Jpn. has one of the rare cases of the Inlaut -ai- (-ia-) diphthong. Otherwise correspondences are regular, although the precise botanical nature of the plant is not quite clear.
Comments:Martin 240 (Jpn.-Kor.). An expressive root with some variation of reflexes, but no doubt archaic. In Jpn. the root may have merged with *ĺā̀p`o q. v.: this could be one of the reasons of the the accent discrepancy between Kor. and Jpn. (otherwise explainable as a result of contraction in Korean after the loss of *-b-).
Comments:The root probably denoted a small field bird (grouse or hazel-hen); the meaning `hawk' in the Turkic derivative is obviously < `the one hunting grouses'. The reconstruction of Auslaut presents some problems: the Kor. form presupposes something like *lak`u, in which case we would expect *-x- in TM. One wonders if Kor. nokočiri is not in fact one of Mongolian loanwords (since a hazel-hen, grouse or lark are good prey for a falcon, it may have been borrowed together with other falcon-hunt words); a form like *nugtɨrū (cf. WMong. nuɣturuu) could have been easily borrowed like *nugutiru > nokočiri. If this is the case, the word will be a Western isogloss, with a most plausible reconstruction *laku.
Comments:See Doerfer MT 91 (regarding Mong. as borrowed < Tung.). Cf. also a variant with *-o-: TM *lokija > Neg. loxon 'верхогляд', Ud. ĺöxö 'терпуг', Man. ĺoxo 'a k. of salmon', Orok loqqo 'камбала', see ТМС 1, 501, 502; Mong. lioqo 'ein weißgestreifter Seefisch' - see Doerfer MT 144 (suggesting Mong. < TM). It may well be that the original shape should be reconstructed as *luk(`)a > Mong. *laka, TM *lok(ij)a, Jpn. *nakatai - with TM *laka being secondarily borrowed from Mong. Note that the Mong. form is also borrowed in Turkic: Turkm. laGGa balɨq, Uzb. laqqa baliq `sheat-fish'.
Comments:The original meaning was probably 'hook or (bent) stick for hanging smth.', which can well explain all the available reflexes. It is also possible to reconstruct a derivative *làk`ù-čV 'smth. bent, curved' reflected in MKor. náks ( < *nák-č) and Evk. laku-ča.
Comments:The vocalism is somewhat shaky, like in many names of plants (in this case, secondary labialization in Mong. may be due to the medial cluster).
Comments:An Eastern isogloss. Cf. perhaps also WMong. naŋgi 'water caltrop, water chestnut' (L 564), although the medial cluster is unclear, or {naɣa, Kh. nag "цветок со стеблем без листьев").
Comments:A derivative *lā́mo-č`V (or even *lā́mo-č`V-k`V) can be reconstructed on the basis of PT *jĀm-čɨk and PK *nằmằčh. There seems to have existed a similar root with a medial cluster *-mb- and meaning a k. of vessel, reflected in Evk. lamban `scoop, ladle' and PJ *nampai, OJ nabe `vessel, pan' (probably borrowed into Kor. nampi id.); a merger with this root may explain occasional -b- in TM and -b- in Mongolian.
