Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *béjo

Meaning: an ungulate animal

Russian meaning: копытное животное

Turkic: *bEje

Mongolian: *baji-ta-su

Tungus-Manchu: *bejū-

Japanese: *bí ( ~ *bǝ́i)

Comments: The root denotes any ungulate in TM; in other languages we observe a specialization of meaning ("mare", "horse", "cow" in Turk.-Mong., "pig" in Jpn.).

Proto-Altaic: *bèka

Meaning: young

Russian meaning: молодой

Mongolian: *baga

Tungus-Manchu: *bekte-

Japanese: *bàkà-

Comments: A Mong.-Jpn. isogloss. See Ozawa 300-301, Miller 1985, 143. On possible Turkic parallels see Лексика 390 (also under *bāku).

Proto-Altaic: *bek`ú

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of fish

Russian meaning: вид рыбы

Turkic: *bEkre

Mongolian: *bekir

Tungus-Manchu: *beKe

Korean: *pok

Japanese: *punku

Comments: <Martin 244 (Kor.-Jpn.) Cf. *pák`[о̀]. The Turk. forms are rather late and may be borrowed < Mong. (hardly < Sam. *wekana / *wekV(rV), despite Helimski 1995).

Proto-Altaic: *bèli

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be acquainted, assist, employ

Russian meaning: быть знакомым, помогать, использовать

Turkic: *bil-

Mongolian: *bele-

Tungus-Manchu: *bele-

Korean: *pɨ́rí-

Comments: EAS 106, Poppe 21, 76, Doerfer MT 78. Cf. also Kor. paraǯi 'aid, assistance'. The reason for narrowing *bel- > *bil- in PT is unclear; cf. *bel- in the more archaic *bel-gü 'sign'.

Proto-Altaic: *bĕ̀ló

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: pale

Russian meaning: бледный

Mongolian: *balaj

Tungus-Manchu: *beli

Korean: *pằrk-

Japanese: *pàrá-

Comments: Martin 227 (Kor.-Jpn.). Jpn. has an irregular p-.

Proto-Altaic: *belV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: hysterics, panic, mourning

Russian meaning: истерика, паника, траур

Turkic: *bEliŋ

Mongolian: *belbe-

Tungus-Manchu: *beli(n)

Comments: ТМС 1, 124 (TM-Turk.). A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *beńa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: red clay, dirt

Russian meaning: красная глина, грязь

Turkic: *bAńak

Tungus-Manchu: *beŋ-ge-

Japanese: *pání

Comments: If the Negidal form belongs here, it may reflect, together with PT *bAńak, a common derivative *beńa-kV.

Proto-Altaic: *bĕŕa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: peace

Russian meaning: мир

Turkic: *bAŕ- / *bAr-

Mongolian: *berele-

Tungus-Manchu: *bere

Comments: A Western isogloss. The Mong. word is usually analysed as 'to behave like a daughter-in-law' (see e.g. KW 42, L 99), which may be a folk-etymology (in view of the external evidence).

Proto-Altaic: *bĕ̀ré

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: daughter-in-law

Russian meaning: невестка, младшая свойственница

Mongolian: *beri-

Tungus-Manchu: *bener

Japanese: *bǝ̀tǝ́-

Comments: For TM one has to suppose a resonant metathesis: *bener < *bere-n.

Proto-Altaic: *bétà / *pédà

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sea, ford

Russian meaning: море, брод

Tungus-Manchu: *pedē-

Korean: *pàtá-h, *pàdắr

Japanese: *bátá

Comments: An Eastern isogloss, with a peculiar variation of laryngeal features. Cf. perhaps Mong. bide- (? L 108: bitü-) 'to wander' (for semantics cf. Russ. брод 'ford' - бродить 'wander').

Proto-Altaic: *bēle ( ~ -i)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: waist, lap

Russian meaning: талия, передняя часть бедер

Turkic: *bẹ̄l(k)

Mongolian: *belkeɣü

Tungus-Manchu: *belge

Comments: Poppe 76, Дыбо 306, Мудрак Дисс. 69, Лексика 269. A Western isogloss. Doerfer (TMN 2, 416) cannot say anything but "kaum dürfte das Wort auf ein "altaisches" *belke zurückgehen". Cf. also WMong. beldüge, Kalm. böldǝgn 'die Weichen' (KW 56).

Proto-Altaic: *bēǯu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: numerous, great

Russian meaning: многочисленный, громадный

Turkic: *bāj, -tak

Mongolian: *buǯa-

Tungus-Manchu: *beǯun

Japanese: *piji(n)ta- ( ~ pui-)

Comments: Note the common derivative *bēǯu-tV (-t`V) reflected in PT *bāj-ta-k and PJ *piji-(n)ta-.

Proto-Altaic: *bĭ̀

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: I, 1st person pronoun

Russian meaning: я, мест. 1-го лица

Turkic: *bẹ-

Mongolian: *bi, *min-; *ba, *man-

Tungus-Manchu: *bi; *bue, *mü-n-

Korean: *úrí

Japanese: *bà-

Comments: EAS 79, Владимирцов 357, ОСНЯ 2, 55-56, 63-66, JOAL 157, АПиПЯЯ 57, 68, 104-105, 276. An alternation *bi / *mi-ne- (sing.) ; *ba / *mi̯u-n- (plur.) should be reconstructed. Korean has undergone an irregular (dialectal) loss of *b- (*úrí < *bú-rí).

Proto-Altaic: *bíju

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be, sit

Russian meaning: быть, сидеть

Mongolian: *büji- ( < *bijü-)

Tungus-Manchu: *bi-

Japanese: *b(u)í-

Comments: EAS 57, Poppe 112, Ozawa 304-307, ОСНЯ 1, 184, Murayama 1962, 109, АПиПЯЯ 68, 111, 280. Cf. perhaps MKor. ì- 'to be' (with loss of *b-, like in *uri 'we')?

Proto-Altaic: *bilč`i

Meaning: to mix, knead

Russian meaning: месить, замешивать

Turkic: *biĺči-

Mongolian: *bilča-

Tungus-Manchu: *bilča-

Korean: *pìč-

Japanese: *písípǝ́

Comments: SKE 202, Miller 1970, 129.

Proto-Altaic: *bĭli

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wrist

Russian meaning: запястье

Turkic: *bilek

Mongolian: *beɣelej

Tungus-Manchu: *bile-n

Comments: A Western isogloss. Mong. beɣelej < *bejelej < *bele-lej. See EAS 109, Колесникова 1972а, 97-98, Дыбо 311, Лексика 250. Doerfer's (MT 240) attempt to refute the TM form by reconstructing *biglēn is quite artificial: forms like Ul. gileptu(n) go back to a quite separate root (see *gilu).

Proto-Altaic: *bi̯aga ( ~ -i) ?

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: moon, brilliance

Russian meaning: луна, свет

Tungus-Manchu: *biaga

Comments: An isolated TM form.

Proto-Altaic: *bi̯alge

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: throat, to swallow

Russian meaning: глотка, глотать

Mongolian: *balgu-

Tungus-Manchu: *bilga

Comments: KW 31, ОСНЯ 1, 173. A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *bi̯ắĺmi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: knee, ankle

Russian meaning: колено, бабка

Turkic: *bAĺmak

Mongolian: *belberkej

Tungus-Manchu: *bialebki

Korean: *parmak (~ -ă-)

Japanese: *pínsá

Comments: SKE 186 (Kor.-Turk.); Дыбо 1989a (Mong-TM). For a different treatment see ОСНЯ III 67-69 (cf. *pằlgà below).

Proto-Altaic: *bi̯ălu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dirt, mud

Russian meaning: грязь

Turkic: *bạl-

Mongolian: *bul-

Tungus-Manchu: *bul-

Korean: *piro

Japanese: *pu-

Comments: KW 30, ОСНЯ 1, 185, Martin 247. Jpn. *pu (attested only within a compound) reflects a contraction < *bi̯ăl(u)-gu; Kor. piro < *pjǝro (with a frequent variation *jǝ / i).