Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ùru

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: heavy; hard, difficult

Russian meaning: тяжелый; трудный

Turkic: *Kɨr-

Tungus-Manchu: *xur-ge

Korean: *korắ- / *koro-

Japanese: *kùrù-sì-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 80, 292.

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ŭ̀rú

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bark, shell

Russian meaning: кора, скорлупа

Turkic: *Kɨrtɨĺ

Mongolian: *körü-sü

Tungus-Manchu: *xura-kta

Korean: *kúr

Japanese: *kùrí

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 38, 293.

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ŭ̀ru(mV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: ashes, soot

Russian meaning: зола, сажа

Turkic: *Kurum ( < *Kɨrum)

Mongolian: *kirbu-su

Tungus-Manchu: *xurum-sa

Korean: *kur

Comments: Note a common derivative *k`i̯uru-mV(-sV) in several languages.

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯úsè

Meaning: bad behaviour

Russian meaning: обида, дурное поведение

Turkic: *küs-

Mongolian: *kosiŋ

Japanese: *kúsài

Comments: A nice Turk.-Mong.-Jpn. semantic and phonetic match.

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ŭso

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to vomit

Russian meaning: блевать

Turkic: *Kus-

Tungus-Manchu: *xüse-

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 124. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss. Turk. > Kalm. xus- 'to belch, retch' (KW 199).

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū̀ča ( ~ -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: animal's paw, skin from animal's paw

Russian meaning: лапа животного, шкура с лапы животного

Turkic: *Kɨč

Tungus-Manchu: *xōsa

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss, but cf. the discussion under *k`V̀sá; cf. perhaps also Bur. xašāhan 'front and back parts of footwear'; Dag. gočōr, kočoro, kučur 'boots' (Тод. Даг. 132) (?).

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́č`i ( ~ -č-)

Meaning: a k. of cereal

Russian meaning: вид злака

Turkic: *kȫče

Mongolian: *küč-

Korean: *kìčàŋ

Comments: Cf. also various plant names in Turkic: Oyr. köǯüne 'дягиль', Turkm. göǯele 'ирис', Kirgh. (South.) göǯümöl 'травянистое растение с широкими листьями'; Kirgh. köčet, Uygh. köčɛt 'seedling'; WMong. güǯegeleǯegene, Khalkha güʒēlʒgene, Bur. gulzȫrgene 'земляника' (whence Evk. gučalǯigina etc., see ТМС 1, 176).

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū̀ge

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: palate, jaw

Russian meaning: небо, челюсть

Turkic: *Kögme

Mongolian: *köɣemej

Tungus-Manchu: *xǖkte

Korean: *kǝ̀húm

Japanese: *k(ù)i

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 290 (with a somewhat different grouping of etyma). Korean has an irregular low tone.

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́ĺa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sable, squirrel

Russian meaning: соболь, белка

Turkic: *kīĺ

Mongolian: *kulgana

Tungus-Manchu: *xulu-kī

Comments: Дыбо 9, Лексика 163. A Western isogloss (cf. perhaps OJ kase 'sea-urchin'?). In Turkic one has to suppose a secondary fronting *kīĺ < *kɨ̄ĺ (a rather frequent phenomenon).

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́le

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to exchange, trade, hire

Russian meaning: менять, торговать, нанимать

Turkic: *kȫle

Mongolian: *kölü-sü

Tungus-Manchu: *xül-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́ĺnu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: navel

Russian meaning: пупок

Turkic: *kīn, *kīn-dük

Mongolian: *köjil-sü

Tungus-Manchu: *xulŋu-

Comments: KW 234, Дыбо 6, Лексика 280. A Western isogloss, with a rather complicated phonology. In Mong. *köjil-sü ( < *kölil- < *kölin-) should be distinguished from *köji < *kṓp`i, although the reflexes have been significantly confused; PTM *xulŋu- either < *xulnu- through assimilation, or else < *xulnu-gV- or *xulnu-ŋV- (with a fused velar suffix). Finally, in Turkic one has to suppose a (rather frequent) fronting *kīn < *kɨ̄n.

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́ńa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: punishment

Russian meaning: наказание

Turkic: *Kɨ̄jn

Mongolian: *könüɣe-

Tungus-Manchu: *xuńi-

Japanese: *káná-

Comments: Cf. *guna and notes to *gū̀no. Mong. *könüɣe- has a usual regressive labialization ( < *kenüɣe- or *kinüɣe-).

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū̀nč`o

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sleeve, elbow; top of boot

Russian meaning: рукав, локоть; голенище

Turkic: *Konč

Mongolian: *kanču-

Tungus-Manchu: *xǖnčē-n

Comments: A Western isogloss. Except for Mong. -a- the correspondences are regular; Mong. *kanču- probably < *kunča- (with vowel metathesis).

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́ńu ( ~ -a)

Meaning: sheath, scabbard

Russian meaning: ножны, чехол

Turkic: *Kɨ̄n

Mongolian: *kuj

Tungus-Manchu: *xunǯi-

Comments: Владимирцов 174. A Western isogloss. See TMN 3, 577 ("die Aehnlichkeit der beiden Wörter dürfte Zufall sein").

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́re

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to reach, treat

Russian meaning: достигать; обращаться с, обходиться

Turkic: *gīr-

Mongolian: *kür-

Tungus-Manchu: *xür-

Korean: *kūr-

Japanese: *kúrá-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 275, Цинциус 1984, 122-123. An alternative (but more dubious) etymology of the Kor. word see in PKE 95. Turkic demonstrates here the same irregular voicing as in *dīŕ < *t`i̯ūŕe.

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́ŕu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: red, reddish; brown, dark

Russian meaning: красный; коричневый, темный

Turkic: *Kɨ̄ŕ-

Mongolian: *küre- (*küri-)

Tungus-Manchu: *xuri-

Korean: *kùrí

Japanese: *kúrá-

Comments: See a detailed account in Miller-Street 1975, 116ff (with literature), АПиПЯЯ 283, Дыбо 12. Unlike Miller-Street, we leave aside the name of the "ferret" (linking instead Turk. *kɨŕ-ɨl 'red' and TM *xuri-), as well as PJ *kùruá 'black' (having a different accent). It is interesting to note metal names derived from this root: Turk. *kɨŕɨl 'gold' (see Лексика 403-404) = Mong. kürel 'bronze' = Kor. kùrí 'copper'. PT *Kɨ̄r 'grey' could be perhaps compared separately with PM *kiraɣa 'dusk before dawn', cf. Владимирцов 338.

Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ū́se

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to wish

Russian meaning: желать

Turkic: *kǖse-

Mongolian: *küse-

Tungus-Manchu: *xüse

Japanese: *kǝs-

Comments: Владимирцов 362 (Turk.-Mong.); Ozawa 207-208 (Mong.-Jpn.). Mong. may be < Turkic.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ī̀jĺu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to deviate, slant

Russian meaning: отклоняться, скашиваться

Turkic: *Kɨjĺ-

Mongolian: *kelbe-, *kilu-

Tungus-Manchu: *xī(l)-

Japanese: *kùsù-

Comments: KW 244, EAS 108, TMN 1, 472. The Jpn. form is phonetically a good match; as for the meaning, one has to suppose a development 'slanting, deviating' > 'strange'.

Proto-Altaic: *k`òbàni

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: armpit

Russian meaning: подмышка

Turkic: *Kōjn

Mongolian: *koŋ-

Tungus-Manchu: *xobanī

Japanese: *kàpìná

Comments: ОСНЯ 1, 345, Дыбо 316, Лексика 244. Mong. < *kowŋ- < *koban-gV; a secondary contamination with *köŋ- (q. v. *kĕ̀ŋi).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ŏda ( ~ -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to finish, abandon

Russian meaning: кончать, покидать

Turkic: *Kod-

Tungus-Manchu: *xod-

Comments: ТМС 2, 6. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.