Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *k`egVnV

Meaning: nine

Russian meaning: девять

Tungus-Manchu: *xegün

Japanese: *kǝkǝnǝ-

Comments: Miller 1985, 143. An exact Tung.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ela ( ~ -o, -u)

Meaning: a k. of small animal

Russian meaning: вид небольшого животного

Turkic: *Keleŋü

Mongolian: *kaliɣun

Tungus-Manchu: *xel-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`éĺe

Meaning: belt, waist

Russian meaning: пояс, поясница

Turkic: *keĺč

Tungus-Manchu: *xelgeńe

Japanese: *kǝ́sí

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 76, 289. Cf. also comments to *si̯oga.

Proto-Altaic: *k`èlńí

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: mortar

Russian meaning: ступка

Turkic: *kẹli

Tungus-Manchu: *xelńi

Japanese: *kìnái

Comments: A common Altaic cultural term; despite the rare cluster *-lń- the reconstruction appears reliable.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ĕ̀ĺú

Meaning: a small wild animal

Russian meaning: вид мелкого дикого животного

Turkic: *Küĺül

Mongolian: *kerelǯegene

Tungus-Manchu: *xeldegde ( -gǯe)

Japanese: *kùsá(m)pú

Comments: In Turkic one has to suppose vowel assimilation (*Küĺül < *Keĺül), and in Mong. - a regular r/l metathesis ( < *keler-ǯegene). Cf. a number of similar roots, with a possibility of contaminations: see *keru, *k`i̯ū́ĺa, *ki̯ùti, *k`ela.

Proto-Altaic: *k`éma

Meaning: a k. of reed or leek

Russian meaning: вид тростника или лука-порея

Turkic: *Kamɨĺ

Mongolian: *kamgar

Tungus-Manchu: *xeŋgukte

Japanese: *kámá

Comments: Cf. *ki̯omga, *gi̯aŋu, *kemV.

Proto-Altaic: *k`èmá

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sharp, sharp tool

Russian meaning: острый, острое орудие

Tungus-Manchu: *xemer

Japanese: *kàmá

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`èmì

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: intestines; liver

Russian meaning: внутренности; печень

Mongolian: *kim

Tungus-Manchu: *xemu-gde

Japanese: *kìmuà

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 111, 276.

Proto-Altaic: *k`eńo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: edge

Russian meaning: край

Turkic: *Kạń

Mongolian: *kajaɣa

Korean: *kā̆ń

Comments: A derivative of the same root may be Mong. kiŋgan 'mountain ridge'.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ĕ̀ńó

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: light, thin

Russian meaning: легкий, тонкий

Turkic: *Keŋe-

Mongolian: *köŋgen

Tungus-Manchu: *xeńü-

Korean: *kắnắr-

Japanese: *kǝ̀má-

Comments: ОСНЯ 1, 350, Цинциус 1984, 103. Mong. has secondary labialization (*köŋgen < *keńö-gen); depalatalization in Kor. is not quite clear. Otherwise correspondences are regular.

Proto-Altaic: *k`éńo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of blade

Russian meaning: вид лезвия

Mongolian: *kaji-

Tungus-Manchu: *xeńe

Korean: *kằńắi

Japanese: *káná-i

Comments: One should also note Mong. qajiči 'scissors' - possibly a contamination of this root with *kăp`è q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *k`eŋa

Meaning: spacious, free

Russian meaning: обширный, свободный

Mongolian: *kaŋka-

Tungus-Manchu: *xeŋ-

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss, perhaps an expressive variant of *kĕ̀ŋi q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *k`eŋV

Meaning: to be burnt

Russian meaning: подгорать

Mongolian: *keŋsi-

Tungus-Manchu: *xeŋ(-gu-)

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 110-111, АПиПЯЯ 11, 286. A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`èpà

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: husk, shell

Russian meaning: шелуха, скорлупа

Turkic: *kebü-

Mongolian: *kebe

Japanese: *kàpì

Comments: Turk. > WMong. kebeg, whence Mongor kawaG (TMN 3, 580, Щербак 1997, 127). One of several similar PA roots (see *k`ā́p`a, *k`i̯ā̀bu, *gébó, *kìp`é).

Proto-Altaic: *k`épà ( ~ -b-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: side

Russian meaning: сторона, бок

Turkic: *Kaptal

Mongolian: *kabta-su

Tungus-Manchu: *xebu-, *xebte

Japanese: *kápá

Comments: KW 167. In Mong., due to secondary contaminations, the root is somewhat hard to distinguish from *k`ap`V `press, grasp' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *k`èpù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to change, price

Russian meaning: цена, долг

Turkic: *Kẹbi-ĺč-

Mongolian: *kubil-

Korean: *káps

Japanese: *kupua-

Comments: Cf. *k`ápa (with a possibility of mergers).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ĕ̀p`è

Meaning: to dry out, become fragile; to break

Russian meaning: высыхать, становиться хрупким; ломать(ся)

Turkic: *kep(i)-

Mongolian: *kewü-

Tungus-Manchu: *xep-

Japanese: *kǝ̀pǝ̀-

Comments: Cf. *kăpi (with possible contaminations).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ĕ̀p`ó

Meaning: to become wet, sprinkle, overflow

Russian meaning: мокнуть, литься

Mongolian: *kajila-

Tungus-Manchu: *xep-

Japanese: *kǝ̀mpǝ̀ra-

Comments: In Mong. secondary contaminations with *kajira- 'burn, roast' were possible.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ep`orV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: curved bone

Russian meaning: кривая кость

Turkic: *KApur-

Mongolian: *kabir-

Tungus-Manchu: *xebti-

Korean: *kùpɨ̀rǝ̀ŋ

Japanese: *kǝ̀m(p)ùrá (~-ua-)

Comments: Turk. forms may be < Mong. Note that the TM forms have nothing to do with Mong. ebčeɣün 'breast bone', despite Doerfer MT 20, Rozycki 65. The word probably had the original meaning 'rib', preserved in Western languages; the Korean and Japanese forms cannot be kept apart, but they deserve special comment: in both languages the root was naturally influenced by the reflexes of *kŏp`é 'bend' (q. v.); the Japanese form is also aberrant accentologically, shows rather *-m- than *-p- - and may in fact be a merger of the present root with PA *k`i̯ome 'marrow'.

Proto-Altaic: *k`éŕà

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bark

Russian meaning: кора

Turkic: *Kaŕ, *Kaŕ-dɨŕ

Mongolian: *kajir(a)-

Tungus-Manchu: *xerekte

Japanese: *kárà

Comments: Miller 1975, 157-72, 1985, 151, АПиПЯЯ 38, 80, 285, Лексика 107. The Mong. word belongs here with high probability, although medial -j- is not quite clear: the form is perhaps a dissimilation < *kari-ra- (a similar process *-lVl- > -jVl- is widely spread).