Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *k`àp`à

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of vessel, box

Russian meaning: вид сосуда, ящик

Turkic: *Kapɨrčak, *Kapsak

Mongolian: *kaɣurčag, *kajirčag

Tungus-Manchu: *xapsa

Japanese: *kàpì

Comments: Владимирцов 206, Tekin 1979, 127. Despite a widespread point of view (see e.g. ЭСТЯ 5, 277), Mong. can hardly be < Turk. The root (especially in the Turk.-Mong. area) is liable to mergers with *k`i̯ubu 'coffin' and *k`ăp`ù 'barrier' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ăp`ù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: barrier

Russian meaning: перегородка

Turkic: *Kap-

Mongolian: *kaɣa-

Tungus-Manchu: *xapki-

Japanese: *kupai

Comments: EAS 89-90, Владимирцов 208, ОСНЯ 1, 337, Цинциус 1984, 85. Mong. qaɣa- is not < Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 133. See also notes to PA *kábó.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ap`u

Meaning: a stinging insect

Russian meaning: кусающее насекомое

Turkic: *KApuŋ (?)

Mongolian: *kubilǯagana

Tungus-Manchu: *xapina(bu)

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 85, Дыбо 9. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ap`V

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to press, grasp

Russian meaning: хватать, держать

Turkic: *Kap-

Mongolian: *kab-

Tungus-Manchu: *xap-ki-

Comments: KW 167, Poppe 43, ОСНЯ 1, 315, АПиПЯЯ 289 (but the Jpn. form should be kept separate, see *k`ápa). A Western isogloss. The root is expressive and tends to contaminate with *kăp`è 'to squeeze, pinch' (q. v.), as well as with *k`épà `side' (in Mong.: 'to grasp' > 'press' > 'flatten, flat'), but nevertheless reconstructable for PA (despite Doerfer's doubts in TMN 3, 374); borrowing in Mong. < Turk. is quite improbable, despite Щербак 1997, 133.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ăra

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: tide, ebb-tide, flood

Russian meaning: отлив, прилив, поток

Turkic: *KAr-

Mongolian: *kargi-

Tungus-Manchu: *xarba

Japanese: *kátà

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 86.

Proto-Altaic: *k`aŕa ( ~ -u, -i)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to scrape, grind, bite

Russian meaning: скрести, молоть, кусать

Turkic: *Kaŕ-

Mongolian: *karu-

Tungus-Manchu: *xar-kü-

Korean: *kār-

Comments: EAS 46, 111, KW 169, Цинциус 1984, 87. Cf. Old Koguryo *kaš 'plough' (thus in Miller 1979, 13; Lee has *kal; the isolated Manchu χalχan 'ploughshare' may be < Kor.).

Proto-Altaic: *k`áru

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of cloth

Russian meaning: вид ткани

Turkic: *KArs

Mongolian: *kormu-sun

Tungus-Manchu: *xara-musa

Korean: *kòró

Comments: In Mong. cf. also qorgaj 'brocade' ( > Chag. qurgaj id.), which, however, may be alternatively compared with PT *kürk 'fur, fur coat' (ЭСТЯ 5, 148-149).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ắsi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to cut; piece

Russian meaning: отрезать; кусок

Turkic: *kes-

Mongolian: *kasu-

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)asu-

Korean: *kàsk- / kǝ̀sk-

Japanese: *kínsú

Comments: SKE 103 (Turk.-Kor.; despite TMN 3, 596, Kor. kǝsk- is not a "teleologischer Sternchenform"). Cf. also Nan. (Bik.) kesi- 'to cut out' - with quite inexplicable k- (a borrowing?). Reasons for prenasalization in Jpn. are unclear (perhaps a suffixed form like *k`ắsi-gu-n is reflected).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ăsi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: leash, trap, net

Russian meaning: привязь, ловушка, сеть

Turkic: *kes-

Tungus-Manchu: *xasu-

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ásV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: thorn, thorny tree

Russian meaning: колючка, колючее дерево

Tungus-Manchu: *xasī-kta

Korean: *kàsắi

Comments: A Tung.-Kor. isogloss; cf. also Bur. xasuuri, xasuurgana, xasuurha(n) 'fir-tree' ( < TM?).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ā́č`V

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of vessel

Russian meaning: вид сосуда

Turkic: *Kāča

Tungus-Manchu: *xaču-kan

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ā̀no

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: match, other side

Russian meaning: подходящий, пара, другая сторона

Turkic: *Kon-

Mongolian: *kani

Tungus-Manchu: *xān-gi-

Japanese: *kànàp-

Comments: Cf. *kā́na.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ā́pri

Meaning: fan, bellows

Russian meaning: веер, меха

Turkic: *kȫrü-

Mongolian: *keɣürge

Tungus-Manchu: *xarpu-

Korean: *kūr-

Comments: EAS 147, KW 243, Poppe 110 (but Kor. kurǝk 'small sack' is derived < kur- 'roll, wrap' and does not belong here). Despite Щербак 1977, 128, the Mong. form is hard to explain as a Turkic loanword. Irregular labialization in Turk. is probably caused by the simplification of the cluster with labial -b-.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ā́p`à

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bark, skin

Russian meaning: кора, кожа

Turkic: *Kāpuk

Mongolian: *kawda-

Tungus-Manchu: *xabda(-nsa)

Korean: *kàph- / *kǝ̀ph-

Japanese: *kapa

Comments: Martin 225, KW 201, Владимирцов 255, АПиПЯЯ 15, 38-39, 67, 92, 274, Лексика 107. Regular except for tone variation in Japanese, possibly due to interaction of several similar PA roots (see *gébó, *k`èpà, *k`i̯ā̀bu, *kìp`é).

Proto-Altaic: *k`āp`a ( ~ -i, -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bladder, film

Russian meaning: пузырь, пленка

Turkic: *Kāp

Mongolian: *kabičak

Tungus-Manchu: *xap-

Korean: *kapo

Comments: One of several similar roots, actively interacting with each other - see notes to *k[ā]p`á 'to cover'. Mong. *kabi-čak 'groin' is a result of secondary semantic development, probably < *'scrotum' or 'hymen' (cf. the meanings in Turkic).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ā̀re

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: edge

Russian meaning: край

Turkic: *Kɨr

Mongolian: *kira

Tungus-Manchu: *xāri-

Comments: EAS 144, KW 232, Poppe 114, Дыбо 12, Лексика 96, TMN 3, 568, ЭСТЯ 6, 226. A Western isogloss; in Turkic contaminating with the reflex of *giru q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ā́sa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: place between limbs

Russian meaning: место между конечностей

Turkic: *Kạ̄sɨk

Mongolian: *kasa

Tungus-Manchu: *xasa-kī

Korean: *kàsằm

Comments: Closed *ạ̄ in Turkic is not clear.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ébá

Meaning: corpse

Russian meaning: труп

Turkic: *gEbre

Mongolian: *keɣür

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)eburen

Japanese: *kámpánái

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 124. In Turkic the root is preserved basically in Oghuz languages; it obviously obtained initial *g- (*k- would be normally expected) under the double influence of *gēp- 'to swell (of belly)' and *gebre- 'fragile'.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ébà

Meaning: river, bay

Russian meaning: река, залив

Tungus-Manchu: *xebe

Korean: *kái ( < *kabi)

Japanese: *kápà

Comments: Martin 250 (Kor.-Jpn.). An Eastern isogloss. The irregular high tone in MKor. may be due to contraction after the loss of *-b-. Cf. OT (MK Ganǯaki) kevli 'the mouth of a canal' (EDT 689).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ĕdò

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wind, fog

Russian meaning: ветер, туман

Turkic: *Kad

Mongolian: *küdeŋ

Tungus-Manchu: *xedün

Japanese: *kǝti (~ -ua-)

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 289, Дыбо 11.