Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *bási

Meaning: payment, loan

Russian meaning: плата, заем

Turkic: *basɨg

Tungus-Manchu: *basa-

Korean: *pskūi'í-, pskú-

Japanese: *písák-

Comments: ТМС 1, 76 (TM-Turk.). Korean has a usual vowel loss between a stop and a fricative (*psku- < *pis(i)-ku or *pǝs(i)-ku). Note the velar suffixation in Turkic, Korean and Jpn.

Proto-Altaic: *bašo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to run, drive

Russian meaning: бежать, гнать

Mongolian: *bisi-ɣu, *busi-ɣu

Tungus-Manchu: *baša-

Japanese: *basi-r-

Comments: Cf. *pasi.

Proto-Altaic: *bằtò

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of plant (for making ropes)

Russian meaning: вид растения (для изготовления веревок)

Turkic: *buta-

Tungus-Manchu: *batu-kin

Japanese: *bàtà

Comments: The root evidently denoted some k. of plant used for making ropes or yarn. Note however that the Turkic reflex is poorly attested and not quite reliable; in PTM a reconstruction *bartu-kin is also possible (and perhaps preferable). The PA form should thus perhaps be changed to *bằrtò - a Tung.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *bằt`í

Meaning: dirt

Russian meaning: грязь

Turkic: *bat-

Mongolian: *bat-ga

Tungus-Manchu: *batu-n

Korean: *ptắi

Japanese: *pìntì

Comments: Whitman 1985, 141, 181, 213. Korean has a usual reduction: *ptắi < *pitắi.

Proto-Altaic: *bằǯá

Meaning: early

Russian meaning: рано, ранний

Turkic: *bAja

Tungus-Manchu: *baǯi-

Japanese: *pàjá-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 77, Дыбо 11, Лексика 83-84. PJ has an irregular devoicing here (or should one think about a secondary assimilative voicing *baǯi < *paǯi in PTM? In that case PA *pàǯa should be reconstructed).

Proto-Altaic: *bā́

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to bind

Russian meaning: связывать

Turkic: *b(i)ā-

Tungus-Manchu: *ba-

Korean: *pa

Japanese: *bǝ́

Comments: EAS 57, SKE 179, Martin 228, ОСНЯ 1, 172, АПиПЯЯ 68. One of the few common Altaic monosyllabic roots. Mong. *baɣu- 'to bind' is probably < Turk. (Щербак 1997, 103). Doerfer's (TMN 2, 254) criticism is unacceptable ("unklar, da kor. Nominalstamm, tü. Verbalstamm").

Proto-Altaic: *bā́č`V ( ~ *p-, -č-)

Meaning: sister

Russian meaning: сестра

Turkic: *bāča-

Mongolian: *bača-gan

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Manchu baša 'wife's younger sister' is isolated and most probably < Mong. (see ТМС 78, Rozycki 26).

Proto-Altaic: *bā̀dì

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: face, colour

Russian meaning: лицо, цвет

Turkic: *bEd-le

Tungus-Manchu: *bāda

Japanese: *pítápi ( / *pìtàpi)

Comments: Contaminations were possible: cf. *pédá, *pắdà.

Proto-Altaic: *bāku ( ~ -k`-)

Meaning: small cattle

Russian meaning: мелкий скот

Turkic: *bākana

Mongolian: *bog

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Some Turkic forms meaning 'lamb, baby' may actually also continue PA *bèka q. v. Cf. also Evk. (Titov) baxana 'he-goat' ( < unattested Yak.?).

Proto-Altaic: *bā̀k`a ( ~ -k-)

Meaning: to slide, sweep

Russian meaning: скользить, мести

Tungus-Manchu: *bāKa- / *bāKu-

Japanese: *pàk-

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *bā̀k`ù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a sharp instrument

Russian meaning: острое орудие, инструмент

Turkic: *bokursɨ

Mongolian: *baki

Tungus-Manchu: *bāgba

Japanese: *pukusi

Comments: PT *bokursɨ probably < *bakursɨ (with a vowel narrowing in the first syllable of a trisyllabic word); PTM *bāgba < *bāk-ba through assimilation. Note a remarkable similarity of the Turkic and Japanese derivation. Cf. other similar roots: *p`i̯ùgV, *pŏ̀k`è, *p`ū̀ge, *p`àgò.

Proto-Altaic: *bāla

Meaning: child, young

Russian meaning: ребенок, молодой

Turkic: *bāla, *bāldɨŕ

Mongolian: *balčir

Tungus-Manchu: *baldi-

Japanese: *bàràpa(i)

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 289. Jpn. low tone (or Turkic length) is irregular. The Western languages all reflect a common derivative *bāl(a)-tV.

Proto-Altaic: *bā́ra

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: goods, to possess, earn

Russian meaning: имущество, обладать, зарабатывать

Turkic: *bār

Mongolian: *bari-

Tungus-Manchu: *bara-

Korean: *pǝ̄r-

Comments: KW 38, VEWT 62, ТМС 1,73, АПиПЯЯ 287, Лексика 326-327; ОСНЯ 1, 175, 176. Doerfer (MT 239) tries to argue ("Die Quantitätsverhältnisse weichen ganz ab"), but the phonetic match is quite regular (Turk. long : TM short).

Proto-Altaic: *bāŕa ( ~ -o)

Meaning: to rejoice, be proud

Russian meaning: радоваться, гордиться

Turkic: *bAŕ-

Mongolian: *bar-da-

Tungus-Manchu: *bāra-či-

Japanese: *báráp-

Comments: Not quite secure, because of tone incongruence. Jpn. could have merged the roots *bāŕa 'rejoice' and *bĕŕa 'peace'.

Proto-Altaic: *bā̀rì

Meaning: right, straight, direct

Russian meaning: правый, прямой

Turkic: *bEr-

Mongolian: *baraɣun

Tungus-Manchu: *bāru

Korean: *pàrằ-

Japanese: *pìtà

Comments: EAS 57, SKE 191, Poppe 21. "Verbal" low tone in Korean. Doerfer (TMN 1, 207) attempts to dismantle Ramstedt's comparison (Tung.-Kor.-Mong.) by preferring Ramstedt's own earlier (KW 35) derivation of Mong. baraɣun 'right; West' < bara- 'to end' - which is evidently much weaker semantically.

Proto-Altaic: *bā̀ri

Meaning: a k. of cloth

Russian meaning: вид ткани

Turkic: *bẹr

Mongolian: *baraɣa

Tungus-Manchu: *bārga-

Korean: *pār

Comments: Mongolian and TM reflect a suffixed form *bā̀ri-ga.

Proto-Altaic: *bĕ́

Meaning: bait

Russian meaning: приманка, наживка

Turkic: *beŋ

Tungus-Manchu: *be

Japanese: *bái ( ~ biá)

Comments: Miller 1985a, 78. An interesting monosyllabic root (TM evidence indicates that Turk. -ŋ is suffixed). {Cf. PAN *baŋi 'bait'}

Proto-Altaic: *bĕ̀dù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: thick, large

Russian meaning: толстый, крупный

Turkic: *bEdü-k

Mongolian: *bediɣün, *büdüɣün

Tungus-Manchu: *burgu-

Korean: *pɨ̀rɨ̀-

Japanese: *pùtuà-

Comments: Gombocz 1905, KW 66, Poppe 53 (Turk.-Mong.), Martin 243-244, АПиПЯЯ 16, 68, 72, 280, Дыбо 12. Verbal low tone in Kor. Doerfer's (TMN 1, 235; 4, 275) criticism of the Turk.-Mong. match ("lautgesetzlich nicht vergleichbar;...passen im Vokalismus nicht...") is incorrect, because *-e- is well reconstructable for Proto-Mongolian. PTM *burgu is a contraction < *bedu-rgu (a similar phonetic development cf. in PTM *xürgü 'tail' < *k`i̯udo-rgV). In Kor. one would expect *pùrɨ̀-; the attested pɨ̀rɨ̀- is an obvious result of vocalic assimilation.

Proto-Altaic: *begV

Meaning: a k. of ferment

Russian meaning: закваска, вид фермента

Turkic: *bEgni

Mongolian: *beɣe-

Tungus-Manchu: *bege

Comments: A Western isogloss; not quite reliable.

Proto-Altaic: *bĕ̀je

Meaning: man; self, body

Russian meaning: человек; сам, тело

Mongolian: *beje

Tungus-Manchu: *beje

Japanese: *bǝ̀

Comments: EAS 57, 98, KW 47, Владимирцов 261, Poppe 66, АПиПЯЯ 79, 105, 276.