Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *k`ada

Meaning: side, to turn

Russian meaning: сторона, поворачивать(ся)

Turkic: *KAdɨr-

Mongolian: *kadawra-

Tungus-Manchu: *xadaga-

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 80-81. A Western isogloss. On a possible Jpn. reflex see under *kéč`à.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ádí(-rV)

Meaning: to scrape off, scraper, tool for processing skins

Russian meaning: соскребать, скребок, инструмент для обработки шкур

Turkic: *KEdir-

Mongolian: *kederge

Tungus-Manchu: *xargan

Japanese: *káintúr-

Comments: PTM *xargan < *xadVrgan with a regular loss of -d- before -r-. Diphthong in Jpn. is not clear (*kíntúr- would be normally expected).

Proto-Altaic: *k`àd[ú]

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be worn out, destroyed

Russian meaning: изнашиваться, разрушаться

Turkic: *KAdu-

Mongolian: *kidu-

Tungus-Manchu: *xadü-

Japanese: *kùntù-ra-

Comments: The root is rather difficult to distinguish from *k`et[o] q. v.; contaminations may explain partial vocalic irregularities. Mong. *kidu- is usually compared with Turk. *Kɨd- 'to destroy' (thus KW 244, VEWT 261, TMN 1, 487-488), but this form probably does not exist: in OT (8th c.) there is a dubious Hap. leg. qɨdmaz 'did not spare (?)', but all other sources (starting with MK) have only *Kɨj- and its reflexes (see EDT 595) - which is quite a different root, see *gijo.

Proto-Altaic: *k`a(j)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: who, interrogative pronoun

Russian meaning: кто, вопросительное местоимение

Turkic: *kem, *Ka-

Mongolian: *ken, *ka-

Tungus-Manchu: *xia (*xai)

Korean: *ka

Japanese: *ka

Comments: EAS 46, 47, 140, KW 225, Цинциус 1984, 75-76, АПиПЯЯ 41-42, 285. The TM form, despite Doerfer MT 27, Rozycki 222 has nothing to do with Mong. *ja- q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ắka

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to break, tear off

Russian meaning: отламывать, отдирать

Turkic: *KAk-

Mongolian: *kaka- / *kaga-

Tungus-Manchu: *xak-

Japanese: *kák-

Comments: A possible derivative is PA *k`akt`o 'castrated animal' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *k`akt`o

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a large domestic animal

Russian meaning: большое домашнее животное

Turkic: *Kotuŕ

Tungus-Manchu: *xakta-

Japanese: *kǝ̀tǝ̀pì

Comments: If the original meaning is 'a castrated animal' (as in TM), the stem may be a derivative of PA *k`ắka 'to break, tear off' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ằkú

Meaning: doll

Russian meaning: кукла

Turkic: *KAgur

Tungus-Manchu: *xaku-kan (/*k-)

Korean: *koāŋ

Japanese: *kùnkù-tú

Comments: Дыбо 15. Cf. Khalkha xǖxeldej 'doll' (a contamination with xǖxe-n 'child, girl'). One should also mention WMong. qoduɣu-čin 'clown; mask': this may be a metathesis < *kogu-du- ( = PJ *kùnkùtú) and the form may actually shed light on the mysterious Karakh. qoδurčuk (quite probably < *kog-du-rču-k = WMong. qoduɣu-čin). {Cf. PE *kǝɣina- 'face'}.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ala ( ~ -u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wait, be late

Russian meaning: ждать, опаздывать

Turkic: *Kal-

Mongolian: *kala

Tungus-Manchu: *xalā-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ale

Meaning: snow, snow-flakes

Russian meaning: снег, снежинки

Turkic: *Kɨla-gu

Mongolian: *kilaɣa

Tungus-Manchu: *xalu-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ăĺi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: napless skin, membrane

Russian meaning: шкура без ворса, мездра

Turkic: *keĺ

Mongolian: *kali-sun

Tungus-Manchu: *xalukta

Comments: Цинциус 1984, 82. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ằĺo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: reed, a k. of grass

Russian meaning: тростник, вид травы

Turkic: *KAĺak

Mongolian: *kal-

Tungus-Manchu: *xalī-

Korean: *kắr

Comments: EAS 110.

Proto-Altaic: *k`alo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: girth, tug

Russian meaning: лямка, подпруга, путы

Turkic: *Kolaŋ

Tungus-Manchu: *xala-

Korean: *koraŋ

Comments: An interesting common Altaic cultural term. PT and Korean reflect the common derivative *k`alo-ŋV.

Proto-Altaic: *k`alVbV

Meaning: wild garlic, leek

Russian meaning: черемша

Turkic: *KAlba

Mongolian: *kalijar

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Cf. perhaps some other plant names: Oyr., Tuva kɨlbɨš 'бадан широколистный'; perhaps TM *xul- > Evk. uli 'толокнянка', xuletũ 'назв. растения с целебным корнем'.

Proto-Altaic: *k`àmo

Meaning: to help, easy

Russian meaning: помогать, легкий

Turkic: *kömek

Mongolian: *kim-da

Korean: *kòmá-b-

Japanese: *kàmàp-

Comments: Turk. *kömek instead of the expected *komak under the influence of the borrowed ömük 'help' (see *i̯umu).

Proto-Altaic: *k`amo

Meaning: dung, faeces

Russian meaning: помет, испражнения

Turkic: *Kom-

Mongolian: *komu-

Tungus-Manchu: *[x]amū-

Comments: A Western isogloss. PM *komu-gal < *kamu-gal, with a frequent rounding before -u- in a polysyllabic form.

Proto-Altaic: *k`aŋa

Meaning: hair, long hair

Russian meaning: волосы, длинные волосы

Mongolian: *koŋgurčag

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)aŋulī

Korean: *kǝ̀'úč

Japanese: *kàmì

Comments: Irregular low tone in MKor. (possibly due to contraction). Mong. *koŋgurčag is a result of frequent labial attraction ( < *kaŋgurčag).

Proto-Altaic: *k`ápa

Meaning: to buy, pay back

Russian meaning: покупать, платить

Tungus-Manchu: *xab-

Korean: *kàphɨ́-

Japanese: *káp-

Comments: Martin 227. An Eastern isogloss. Cf. *k`èpu.

Proto-Altaic: *k`àpe

Meaning: strong, power; to swell

Russian meaning: сильный, сила; распухать

Mongolian: *kab-

Tungus-Manchu: *xabu-l-

Japanese: *kǝ̀pà-

Comments: KW 158, Цинциус 1984, 79-80. The meaning "swell" is probably secondary, under the influence of *gi̯ṓp`e q. v. (in Mong. possibly also under the influence of Turk. *Kāp- < *gi̯ṓp`e); cf. also *kŏp`é.

Proto-Altaic: *k`ăpra

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to scrape, rasp, plane

Russian meaning: скрести, строгать

Turkic: *K(i)arba-

Mongolian: *kawra-

Tungus-Manchu: *xarpu- / *xarpi-

Comments: Poppe 17, 82. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *k`apV

Meaning: to bring close, rub against

Russian meaning: подносить, прикасаться, тереть

Turkic: *Kab-

Mongolian: *kabi

Tungus-Manchu: *xab-

Comments: KW 178, 179, Цинциус 1984, 77-78. A Western isogloss.