Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *bherǝ-

Meaning: to give birth

Other Iranian: NPers bar `Frucht'

Armenian: ber `Frucht, Fruchtbarkeit'

Old Greek: phérma n. `Feld-, Leibesfrucht'

Slavic: *bermę̄, *bermenьnā(jā)

Baltic: *ber-n-a- c. (Lith AC / Lett CIRC)

Germanic: *bir-a- vb., *bar-n-a- n., *bur-d-í-(/*búr-ɵ-i-) c., *bur-[ɵ]-a- m., *bar-m-a- m., -i- c.; *bur-i c.~n.

Latin: fertilis, -e `fruchtbar'; Flōri-fertum `Fest der Flora', ferāx, -ācis `fruchtbar'

Other Italic: Paelign fertlid `fertiliter ?'

Celtic: OIr breth, brith, breith `das Gebären', MIr bert `Geburt', Corn a brys benen `fromb the womb of woman'

Albanian: bir Sohn, bijε, griech. cal. bil'ε Tochter burε Mann

Russ. meaning: рож(д)ать

References: WP II 153 f

Proto-IE: *bherǝg- ?

Meaning: ritual yeast bread (?)

Old Indian: ? OInd bhurájanta Rv. 4, 43, 5 `to boil, bubble'

Baltic: *birg-ā̂ f., *bir̃g-el-a-, -al-a- c.

Latin: fertum, OLat ferctum (firctum) `ein mit Honig und Öl bereiteter Opferladen', pl. stru-fer(c)tāriī `Opferer'

Other Italic: Osk fertalis `fertālēs, Zeremonien, bei denen Opferkuchen gebraucht wurden ?'

Celtic: OIr bairgen (< *barigen-) `bread'

Russ. meaning: ритуальный дрожжевой хлеб?

References: WP II 165

Comments: Cf. *bhrīg-.

Proto-IE: *bherǝg'-, *bhrāg'-

Meaning: birch

Old Indian: bhūrja-ḥ `a sp. of birch, the Bhoj tree, Betula Bhojpatra'; Dard Phalura brhuǯ, Dameli brū̃ṣ, Gawar-Bati bluz `birch'; Kafir Vaygali brūǯ id.

Other Iranian: Sak braṁj `birch', bruṁjǝ- `birch bark', Wakhan. furz, Sanglechi bǝrǝž, Shugn bǝruǯ `birch'; Osset bärz, bärzä 'id.'; Pashto barǯ `bast'; Tadj burz, burs `a k. of juniper'

Slavic: *bérzā A; *berzъ A (SH brèz, слвн. brẹ̀z); *berstā, *bersto `береста'; *berstъ `вяз, берест'

Baltic: *ber̂ǯ-a- (1) c., *ber̂ǯ-ā̂ (1) f., *berǯ-iā̃ (1) f., *bir̃ǯ-iā̃ f., *bir̃ǯ-ia- c., *bir̂ǯ-tw-ā̂ (1), *ber̃ǯ-l-ia-, *bir̃ǯ-l-ia- c.

Germanic: *birk-iō f.; *birk-ō f.

Latin: frāxinus, -ī f. `Bergesche, F. excelsior'; farnus, gen. -ī f. `ein Baum, wrsch. Esche'

Russ. meaning: дерево (береза)

References: WP II 170

Proto-IE: *bhergh-, *bherg'h-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: mountain; tall

Hittite: parku- 'hoch', parganu- (I) 'hoch machen', pargatar n. (r/n) 'Höhe', parkija-, park- (I) 'sich erheben' (Friedrich 160-161)

Tokharian: A, B pärk- (PT *pärk-) 'arise, rise, come up'; A pärkär, B pärkare (PT *pärk(ä)re) 'long' (Adams 372 f)

Old Indian: imp. 2 sg. barhaya `auge!'; br̥hánt- `high, tall, great, large'

Avestan: bǝrǝz- `Höhe, Berg', barǝzan- m., barǝzah- n. `Höhe', barǝšnu- m. `Erhebung, Höhe, Himmel, Kopf'; bǝrǝzant-, bǝrǝzi-, bǝrǝz- `hoch'; barǝzayeni `ich will aufwachsen lassen', barzyah- `höher'

Other Iranian: NPers burz `Höhe, Berg'; bālā (*barzaka-) `Höhe', NPers buland `hoch'

Armenian: erkna-, lerna-berʒ `himmel-, berghoch'

Slavic: *bergъ

Germanic: *birg-a- n.; *burg-ō f.,, *birg-ax-a- adj.

Celtic: Gaul Bergusia; Admageto-briga, Litano-briga u. a. ON, Arebrigium ON, Brigiani (Alpenvolk); Brigantes VN, Brigantia ON `Bregenz', Name einer weibl. Gottheit; *bregh=: OIr brī, acc. brig `Hügel', Cymr bre f. `Hügel', Corn bre f. Hügel', Bret bre f. `Hügel'; Cymr bera `Haufe', OCorn, Bret bertn `id.'

Russ. meaning: гора; высокий

Proto-IE: *bhergʷ-, *bhergʷh-

Meaning: to feed

Old Indian: bhárvati `to chew, devour, eat'

Avestan: baoirya- `was gekaut werden muss, fest', baourva- `kauend'

Old Greek: phérbō, -omai̯, plqpf. hHom. epephórbei̯ `weiden, hüten, füttern, ernähren', m. `sich an etw. nähren, verzehren, geniessen'; phorbǟ́ f., pl. phorbá n. `Weide, Futter, Nahrung'

Slavic: ? *bergtī (в значении `кормить')

Germanic: *birgw-a- vb., *bargw-ia- vb.

Russ. meaning: кормить(ся)

References: WP II 164 f (differently in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *bherw-, *bhrew-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to boil, to seethe

Old Indian: bhurváṇi- `restless, impatient', bhurván- `restless motion of water'

Old Greek: phorütó-s m. `Gemisch, Gemengsel, Kehricht, Auswurf, Spreu', phorǖ́nomai̯, phorǘssomai̯ `vermischt, befleckt, besudeln werden'

Slavic: *brūjītī, *brūjā́

Germanic: *briww-á- vb., *brú-ɵ=; ? *brau-d-á- n.

Latin: fervō, -ere, fervī (jünger fervēre) `sieden, wallen, kochen, brausen, glühen'; dēfrutum / -ū- `der eingekochte Most, Mostsaft'

Celtic: *berw- > MIr berbaim `koche, siede, schmelze'; Cymr berwi `sieden, wallen', Bret birvi, ptc. bervet `sieden, wallen', bero, berv `gekocht'; *brut- > OIr bruth `Glut, Wut', MIr bruith `kochen', embruthe `Fleischbrühe'; OCymr brut `animus', Cymr brwd `heiss', brydio `fervere', OCorn bredion `coctio', OBret brot `zelotypiae', Bret broud `heiss, gährend'

Russ. meaning: бурлить, кипеть

References: WP II 167 f

Comments: Cf. *bhAur-

Proto-IE: *bh[e]s[a]-, *bhsā-

Meaning: to peel, gnaw

Old Indian: bábhasti 'to chew, masticate'; psā́ti 'to chew, swallow, devour'

Old Greek: inf. psǟ̂n, 3 sg. ind. psǟ̂i̯, ptc. med. psṓmeno-, aor. psǟ̂sai̯, psǟ́sasthai̯, pass. psǟthḗnai̯, pf. épsǟsmai̯ 'reiben, schaben, kratzen, streichen, wischen'; apó-, perí-psǟma 'das Abgekratze, Unrat, Schmutz', pará- psǟsi-s; psǟnó- 'kahl(köpfig)', psǟró- = ksērós (Simon.)

Baltic: ? *sā̂r-ā̂ f. (1)

Russ. meaning: обдирать, обгрызать

Proto-IE: *bheudh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to perceive adequately, to be awake

Old Indian: bódhati, búdhyate, aor. budhánta, pf. bubodha, ptc. buddhá- `to wake, observe, perceive'; buddhi- f. `intelligence, reason'; boddhar- m. `one who perceives or comprehends'

Avestan: baoδaite `nimmt wahr, wird gewahr, wird inne', paiti-busti- f. `das Bemerken', buiδyeiti `wird gewahr', baoδah- n. `Wahrnehmung, Wahrnehmungsvermögen', adj. `wahrnehmend'; zaēna-budra- `eifrig wachend'; baoiδi- `Wohlgeruch'

Old Greek: pünthánomai̯, péu̯thomai̯, ft. péu̯somai̯, aor. epüthómǟn, opt. hom. pepǘthoi̯to, pf. p. pépüsmai̯, va. püstó- `erfahren, vernehmen, sich erkundigen, erfragen, erforschen', act. péu̯thō, aor. pêu̯sai̯ `kundtun, von Gericht laden'; pǘsti-s f. `das Fragen, Nachforschu ng, Kunde', pǘsma n. `Frage, Ausfragung', peu̯thṓ `Kunde, Nachricht', pêu̯si-s f. `Erkundigung', peu̯thḗn, -ē̂nos m. `Späher'

Slavic: *bljūstī, *bljūdǭ; *būdī́dī; *bъdrъ; *bъdētī, *bъdjǭ

Baltic: *baũd- vb. tr., *baũd-ā̂ f., *bud-ē̂- (*buñd-a-) vb. intr., *bud- vb. intr., *baũd-ī̂- vb.

Germanic: *biud-a- vb.; *bud-a- n., *bud-an- m.; *bū-s-n-i- c., *bud-il-a- m.

Celtic: *bud- etc. > OIr ro-bud `Verwandung'; buide `Zufriedenheit, Dank'; Cymr bodd `freier Wille, Zustimmung'; rhy-budd `Warnung', Corn both `Wille'

Russ. meaning: воспринимать адекватно, бодрствовать

References: WP II 147 f

Proto-IE: *bheug-

Meaning: to make use

Old Indian: bhuṅkté, bhunákti, bhuñjati `to enjoy, use, possess, consume'; bhoga- m. `enjoyment, eating'

Latin: fungor, -ī, fūnctus sum `geniessen, erleiden, überstehen; verwalten, vollbringen, leisten; gebrauchen, verwenden', dēfungī `durchmachen, zu Ende bringen, überstehen; sterben', perfungī `ganz geniessen, auskosten, überstehen, zu Ende verwalten'

Russ. meaning: пользоваться

References: WP II 145

Proto-IE: *bheuge-, *bhūgh[e]-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to run, to escape

Old Greek: phéu̯gō, phüŋgánō, ft. phéu̯ksomai̯, aor. phügẹ̄̂n, pf. a. pépheu̯ga, m. ptc. pephügmɛ́no-, va. phüktó- `fliehen, entfliehen, in die Verbannung gehen, auf der Flucht, verbannt sein, gerichtlich verfolgt werden', phǘga-de `in die Flucht', phǘgda, -dǟn `auf der Flucht', phǘzda f. `(wilde) Flucht, Panik', phügǟ́ f. `Flucht, Verbannung', pró-, prós-phüks `fliehend, schutzsuchend', phǘksi-s f. `Flucht, Rettung'

Baltic: *bū̂g- vb. intr., *baug-u- adj., *būg-n-a- adj.

Germanic: *būg-a- vb.

Latin: fugiō, -ere, fūgī, fugitūrus tr., intr. `fliehen, entfliehen, landesflüchtig werden; enteilen, vergehen; verschmähen, ablehnen', fugitāre `fliehen, meiden'; fuga f. `Flucht'

Russ. meaning: убегать

References: WP II 144

Proto-IE: *bheugh-

Meaning: to take away, to deliver (from)

Old Indian: bhujiṣya- `free, independent' (L.); Pali pari-bhuñjati `reinigt, kehrt aus', bhujissa- `freigelassen'

Avestan: baog- `lösen, retten', acc. būǰim `Reinigung', ązō-būǰ- `aus Not befreiend', baoxtar- `Befreier'

Other Iranian: MPers bōxtan `retten, erlösen'

Germanic: *baug-ia- vb.

Russ. meaning: убирать, избавлять

References: WP II 145

Proto-IE: *bheyǝ-

Meaning: to beat, to hew

Avestan: byente 'sie bekämpfen, schlagen'

Armenian: bir `grosser Stock, Knüppel, Keule'

Old Greek: phitró-s m. `Baumstamm, Pflock, Klotz, Holzscheit'

Slavic: *bī́tī, *bьjǭ; *bojь; *bī́dlo, *bītvā, *bīčjь

Germanic: *bī́-ɵl-a- n., m., -ō- f.; *bī-dl-a- m.; *bi-ɵl-a- n.; *bi-ɵl-ō- vb.

Latin: perfinēs pl. acc. Fest. 205 `perfringās'

Celtic: *bī-, *bi- > Gaul bidubium `falcastrum'; OIr benim `schlage', ro-bī `schlug, schnitt', ro-bīth `wurde geschlagen', bīthe `perculsus', fo-bīth `weil'; biail `Beil'; bēimm `Sclag', MIr fidbae `falcastrum'; OCymr et-binam `lanio', dubeneticion `exsectis'; baheel `Beil', Cymr bidio `Bäume beschneiden', bid `Dortnecke', bodog `Hirschfänger'; bwyell, bwyall `Beil', Corn bom, pl. bommyn `Schlag', OBret inf. bitat (Gl.) `resecaret', MBret benaff `schneide'

Russ. meaning: бить, рубить

References: WP II 137

Proto-IE: *bhē̆dh-

Meaning: to oppress, to demand

Tokharian: B peti, A poto `verering'

Old Indian: bādhate `to press, force, repel', bā́dha- m. 'urging, impulse'

Slavic: *bēdā́ B

Baltic: *bad-a- c., *bē̃d-ā̂ f., *bād-u- adj., *bā̂d- vb. intr.

Germanic: *bid-ja- vb.; *bid-ō f.

Albanian: bint `buigen'

Russ. meaning: притеснять, требовать

Proto-IE: *bhēg(')h-

Meaning: to press, to compel

Tokharian: ? B pakwāre 'evil, bad' (Adams 353)

Germanic: *bēg-ia- vb., *bēg-a- vb., *bēg-ē- vb., *bēg-a- adj., *bēg-a- m., *bag-ō- vb.

Celtic: *bāg- > Gaul bagaudas `Guerillas eines Bauernkrieges in Gallien'; OIr bāgaim `ich kämpfe, rühme, prahle, drohe', bāg f. `Kampf'; Cymr beio `tadeln', bai `Fehler'

Russ. meaning: теснить, принуждать

References: WP II 130 f

Proto-IE: *bhidh-

Meaning: a k. of vessel

Old Greek: pítho-s m. `grosses, oben offenes, meist irdenes Gefäss zur Aufbewahrung des Weines etc.'; phidáknǟ, -ís = pitháknē LS 1931

Germanic: *bid= (~ -ɵ-)

Latin: fidēlia `Gefäss aus Ton, Glas'; fiscus, -ī m. `geflochtener Korb; Geldkorb, Kasse'

Russ. meaning: сосуд

References: WP II 185

Proto-IE: *bhil-

Meaning: good, decent

Old Greek: phílo- `freudlich, lieb; zugehörig, eigen', phílo-s m. `Freund'; phíltro-n n. `Liebeszauber, -trank, -mittel'; philéō, aor. phī̂lai̯ `Freund sein, mit Freundschaft, Zuneigung, Liebe behandeln, lieben, bewirten, pflegen; küssen'

Germanic: *bil=

Celtic: Gaul Bil- in vielen EN; Ir bil `Gut'

Russ. meaning: хороший, пристойный

References: WP II 185

piet-meaning,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-iran,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,