Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *wip-

Meaning: pointed stick, spear

Old Indian: vip- f. `switch, rod', vipāṭha- m. `a k. of large arrow'

Baltic: *wip-[i]- c.

Germanic: *wi[f]-(V)l=

Russ. meaning: острая палка, копье

References: WP I 240 f

Proto-IE: *wisAn-

Meaning: aurochs, auroch's horn

Old Indian: viṣāṇa- n., viṣāṇā f. `horn, tusk; tip, point'

Slavic: *zǭbrъ, *zǭbrь, *jьzǭbrь

Baltic: *wisamb-a-, *wisamb-r-a- m.; *s(t)umbr-a- m.

Germanic: *wísun-d-a- m.

Russ. meaning: скот (зубр); (зубров ?) рог

References: WP I 315, Fraenkel 932

Comments: Slav jь- < *vь-, like *vīvьlgā/*jīvьlgā, etc.

Proto-IE: *wisk-

Meaning: to move quickly, to shake

Baltic: *wisk-ē̂- (*wisk-a-) vb., *wizg-ē̂-, *wiks-ē̂-, *wigz-ē̂- vb.

Germanic: *wisk=, *wisk-ia- vb.

Russ. meaning: быстро двигать(ся), трясти(сь)

References: WP I 243 f

Proto-IE: *wit- (Gr w-)

Meaning: rim

Old Greek: ítü-s, -üos f., aeol. witüs (Gramm.) `Radfelge; Schildrand'

Latin: vitus, -ūs f. `Radfelge'

Russ. meaning: обод

References: WP I 223 f

Proto-IE: *wiy-

Meaning: violet

Old Greek: ío-n n., dat.pl. īắsi Nic. Fr.74.2 'violet, Viola odorata; gilliflower, Matthiola incana' = krínon Philin.ap.Ath.; 'any flower' EM, *wío-n: pl. gía = ánthē Hsch.

Latin: viola f. `das Veilchen und mehrere Arten der Levkoje'

Russ. meaning: растение (фиалка)

References: WH

Proto-IE: *wī-

Meaning: separate, alone

Old Indian: ví- 'apart, asunder'; vitarám 'farther off, more distant'

Avestan: vī̆- 'auseinander; abseits, getrennt von; entgegen; durch und durch'; vītarǝm 'seitwärts', vītara- 'der weitere, spätere', ōiɵra adv. 'besonders, getrennt'

Old Greek: ĭ́dio- (*w-) 'eigen'

Germanic: Got wiɵra, prp. usw., *wiɵ, *wiɵir-

Latin: vitricus, -ī m. 'отчим'

References: WP I 312 f

Proto-IE: *wīb-

Meaning: scar

Baltic: *wīb-el-iā̃ f.

Latin: vībīcēs pl., gen. -um (in Gl. auch vipex, vimex) `Strieme, Schwiele von Schlägen'

Russ. meaning: шрам

References: WP 240 f

Proto-IE: *wīk- (*ousV-wīk- ?)

Meaning: worm, earwig

Baltic: *wī̂k-ia- c., *wik-st-a- c.

Germanic: *wig-jō(n-)

Russ. meaning: насекомое (глист, уховертка)

References: Fraenkel 1249 (different in Pokorny)

Comments: No earwig has any relation to ears whatsoever. It is not even a legend, but just a folk-etymological analysis of this word, which must have been a compound like *ousVwik- (further *ousVwert- etc. - cf. Slav. *uxo-vьrt-) with a substitution of the 2d part by a productive root. The present root must have been the second part of the compound (*wīk-, denoting a tapeworm in Baltic), but the first part is unclear.

Proto-IE: *wīr-o-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: man

Old Indian: vīrá- m. `man, hero'

Avestan: vīra- m. 'Mann, Held'

Baltic: *wī̂r-a- (2) m.

Germanic: *wir-á- m.

Latin: vir, gen. virī m. `Mann, Gatte', virtus, -ūs f. `Mannhaftigkeit, Tüchtigkeit, Tugend'

Other Italic: Umbr viro, veiro `virōs'

Celtic: OIr fer `Mann'; Cymr gwr, pl. gwyr `Mann'

Russ. meaning: мужчина

References: WP I 314 f

Proto-IE: *wīs-

Meaning: poison

Tokharian: A wäs, B was (PT *wäse) 'poison' (Adams 584)

Old Indian: viṣá- n. m. `poison'

Avestan: viš-, vī̆ša- Gift

Old Greek: īó-s m. `Gift'

Latin: vīrus, -ī n. `Gift; Schärfe, Bitterkeit'

Celtic: Ir fī (Corm.) `Gift'

Russ. meaning: яд

References: WP I 243 f

Proto-IE: *wīt-

Meaning: to sing joyfully

Baltic: *wītur-ia- c., *wī̂tar-(j)ā̂-, *wī̂ter-ē̂-, *wī̂tur-(j)ā̂- vb.

Latin: vītulārī 'jubeln, einen Siegessang anstimmen', Vītula f. 'богиня ликования в честь победы'

Russ. meaning: петь от радости

References: Fraenkel 1269

Proto-IE: *wīt- (~ -ei-)

Meaning: evil, deformity

Germanic: *wīd-il=, *in-wid-ja- n.

Latin: vitium, -ī n. `Fehler, Gebrechen, Schaden an Körper und Dingen'; vitilīgō, -inis f. `Hautausschlag'

Celtic: Ir giothal `Zwerg, Unhold'

Russ. meaning: бяка

References: WP I 223 f (differently in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *wlAis-k-

Meaning: twig, rod

Old Indian: vleṣká-, bleṣká- m. `snare, noose'

Slavic: *lēska `Styraxbaum'; *lēsā́

Germanic: ? *wliz-já- vb.

Celtic: OIr flesc `Rute' (< *wliskā)

Russ. meaning: прутик, розга

References: WP I 298 f

Proto-IE: *wlb-, *wlw-

Meaning: womb, placenta

Old Indian: úlva-, úlba- n. `membrane surrounding the embryo'

Latin: volva / vulva (volba/vulba Edict. Dioclet.) `Gebärmutter, Einhaut der Pilze'

Russ. meaning: матка, детское место

References: WP I 298 f

Proto-IE: *wleyǝkʷ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: wet

Tokharian: A, B lik- 'wash' (Adams 553)

Baltic: *leîk-n-a- (1) c., *leîk-n-ā̂ (1), *leĩk-n-jā̂, *leĩk-n-iā̃, *leîk-n-iā̃ (1) f., *laîk-š-iā̃ f.

Latin: liqueō, licuī, -ēre `flüssig sein', liquēsco `flüssig werden', liquāre `flüssig machen, schmelzen'; liquidus `flüssig'; līquor, līquī `flüssig sein', liquor, gen. -ōris m. `Flüssigkeit'; lixa f. `Wasser; Lauge'

Celtic: *wlikʷti-, *wlikʷso-: OIrl fliuch `feucht', OCymr gulip `feucht', Cymr glwith `Tau', gwlyp `feucht', gwlych `Feuchtigkeit', OCorn glibor `Feuchtigkeit', MBret gloeb `feucht', Bret gleb `feucht'

Russ. meaning: влажный, мокрый

References: WP II 397 f

Proto-IE: *wod- (Gr w-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to speak, to sing, to scold, etc.

Hittite: uttar n. (r/n) 'Wort' (Friedrich 237 - but cf. also *wāt- 1214)

Tokharian: A wätk-, B watk- `befehlen'

Old Indian: vádati, ptc. uditá- `to speak, say, utter, tell'; vāditra- n. `musical instrument, music', vāda- `speaking of or about', m. `speech, discourse, talk'; vándati, -te `to praise, laud, extol'

Old Greek: hüdéō, hǘdō `besingen, verherrlichen', hǘdä = phḗmē, ōidḗ Theognost.; hǘdǟs, ḕ poiētḗs Hsch.; *wodáō: godā̂n = klaíein Hsch., *wodó-: godón = góēta Hsch; ? au̯dǟ́ f. `(menschliche) Stimme, Laut, Rede'

Slavic: *vā́dā, *vā́dītī

Baltic: ? *wad-in̂-, *wad-ī̂- vb. (some forms)

Russ. meaning: говорить, петь, ругать etc.

References: WP I 251 f

Proto-IE: *wod-(or/en-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: water

Hittite: watar n. (r/n), dat.-loc. weteni (Friedrich 249-250)

Tokharian: B yot 'vital fluid, broth' (Adams 511)

Old Indian: unátti, undati `to flow, spring (as water); to wet, bathe', udaká-, loc. udán(i), gen. udnáḥ, instr. udnā́ n. `water'; samudrá- m. `sea, ocean', anudrá- `waterless'; útsa- m. `spring, fountain'

Avestan: vaiδi- f. 'Wasserlauf, Bewässerungskanal'

Armenian: get `Fluss'

Old Greek: hǘdōr, -atos n. `Wasser'

Slavic: *vodā

Baltic: *wan̂d-ō̃ (-en-es) (2), *un̂d-ō̃ (-en-es) (2), *und-a- n., *und-[a]- m.

Germanic: *wat-an-, *wat-ar- n.

Other Italic: Umbr utur, abl. une Wasser

Celtic: *udeskjo- ? > OIr u(i)sce `Wasser'

Albanian: ujɛ Wasser

Russ. meaning: вода

References: WP I 252 f

Proto-IE: *wogʷ-

Meaning: wet

Tokharian: B wkanmo 'drinking' (Adams 614)

Old Indian: ukṣáti, -te `to sprinkle, moisten, wet'

Avestan: vaxš- 'sprühen (vom Wasser und Feuer)', prs. uxša-, vaxšya-, uxšya-

Old Greek: hügró- `nass, feucht, wässerig, flüssig; weich, schlaff, geschmeidig'

Germanic: *wakw-a- adj., *wakw-ia- vb., *wakw-ō(n-) f.

Latin: ūvēns `feucht, nass', ūvidus, -a `feucht, nass', uvēscō `nas werden', ūvor, -ōris m. `Feuchtigkeit, Nässe'; ūmeō `feucht sein', ūmidus, -a `feucht', ūmor, -ōris m. `Feuchtigkeit'

Celtic: *u̯oglo- > OIr fūal, gen. fūail `urina'

Russ. meaning: мокрый

References: WP I 248 f

Proto-IE: *wogʷhn-, *wogʷhm-

Meaning: ploughshare

Old Greek: ophnís = hǘnnis, árotron Hsch.; pl. óphata = desmoì arótrōn (Acarnan.) Hsch.

Baltic: *wagn-[a]- m.

Germanic: *wagn-ás-an- m.

Latin: vōmis, -is; vōmer, -is m. `Pflugschar'

Russ. meaning: лемех

References: WP I 315 f

Proto-IE: *wolg-o-

Meaning: crowd, detachment

Old Indian: várga- m. `class, set, multitude, group, company, family'

Latin: volgus / vulgus, -ī m., n. `die Menge, das gemeine Volk'

Russ. meaning: толпа, отряд

References: WH