Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *(s)tAup-

Meaning: to beat, to trample down

Tokharian: B cepy- 'to tread' (Adams 255 without etymology)

Old Indian: pra-stumpati, topati, tupati, tumpati `to hurt'

Old Greek: tǘptō, aor. tǘpsai̯, tüpẹ̄̂n, ps. tüpē̂nai̯, tüphthē̂nai̯, pf. tétüpha, ps. tétümmai̯ `mit einer Waffe, einem Stock usw. stossen, stechen, schlagen'', tǘpo-s m. `Stoss, Schlag; Gepräge, erhabene Arbeit, Relief, Umriss, Gestalt; Abbild, Vorbild'; tǘ(m)panon-n n. `Handpauke, Handtrommel'; stüpázdei = ōtheî Hsch.

Slavic: *tъpātī, *tъpъtъ

Baltic: *staûp-iā̃ (1) f.

Russ. meaning: бить, топтать

References: WP II 615 f

Proto-IE: *stAy-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: stone

Old Greek: stī́ǟ f., stī̂o-n n. `Steinchen, Kiesel'

Slavic: *stēnā́

Germanic: *stai-n-a- m.

Russ. meaning: камень

References: WP II 610 f

Proto-IE: *stā̆l-

Meaning: desk, stoool, chair

Slavic: *stõlъ

Baltic: *stā̃l-a-, -ia- c.

Germanic: *stṓl-a- m.

Russ. meaning: стол / стул

References: WP II 603 f

Proto-IE: *stār- ~ -ō-

Meaning: big, thick, old

Slavic: *stā́rъ(jь)

Baltic: *stā̂r-a- adj.

Germanic: *stōr-a-, *stōr-i- adj.

Russ. meaning: большой, объемный

References: WP II 603 f

Proto-IE: *st[e]l- (sth-) ?

Meaning: high and dry place

Old Indian: sthálā f., sthalī f. `a heap of artificially raised earth, mound; eminence, tableland'

Latin: locus, -ī, pl. locī/loca m., OLat stlocus, slocus `Ort, Platz, Stelle; Wohnort; Posten, Rang; Geeegenheit; Standpunkt, Verfassung'

Russ. meaning: возвышеннное, сухое место

References: WH

Proto-IE: *stela-, *stlā-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to spread

Hittite: istalk- (I) 'einebnen, glätten' (Tischler 422)

Slavic: *stьlātī, *steljǭ, *stelī́tī, *stelь, *steljā

Latin: lātus, -a `breit; breitspurig, gespreizt; weitläufig', stlatta f. `Kauffahrteischiff' (`genus navigii latum magis quam altum et a latitudine sic appellatum' Paul. Fest. 312)

Russ. meaning: расстилать, раскладывать

References: WP II 643

Proto-IE: *(s)telǝ-

Meaning: to be quiet, silent

Slavic: *tolī́tī

Baltic: *til̂- vb. intr., *til-in-ā̂- vb.

Germanic: *still-i- adj.

Celtic: *toleje- > OIr tuilid `schläft'

Russ. meaning: молчать, тихо сидеть

References: WP I 740 f

Proto-IE: *stelǝ- (sth-); *stAlǝn-, *stAlǝm- (sth-)

Meaning: stem, trunk

Old Indian: sthalati `to stand firm, be firm'; sthū́ṇā f. `post, pillar, column'

Avestan: stū̆na-, stunā `Säule'

Armenian: steɫn, pl. steɫunkh `Stamm, Schaft, Stengel, Zweig, Sprosse'

Old Greek: stéllō, -omai̯, aor. stẹ̄̂lai̯, -asthai̯, ps. stalē̂nai̯, stalthē̂nai̯, pf. éstola (Gramm.), ps. éstalmai̯ `in Ordnung bringen, fertigstellen, mit Waffen, Kleidern usw. ausrüsten, bekleiden; (zur Fahrt) bereit machen, entsenden; die Segel raffen, hemmen, einschränken', act. intr./med. bes. `zu sich bestelen, holen, sich (zur Fahrt) anschicken, abfahren; sich anziehen'; stólo-s m. `Ausrüstung (eines Heereszuges), Feldzug zu Wasser und zu Lande, Flotte, Heer, Schar, Zug, Fahrt', stolǟ́ f. `Rüstung; Kleid, Gewand; Hemmung, Druck, Einschrankung'; stolmó-s m. `Ausrüstung, Bekleidung'; stélma = stéphos, stémma Hsch.; ? stálik-s, -ikos f. `Pflock od. Pfosten zum Festmachen des Jagdnetzes'; aeol. spólā (Sappho) = stolǟ́; aor. inf. spellámenai = steilámenai Hsch., ptc. spoleîsa = staleîsa Hsch., eú-spolo- = euéimōn, eustaléos Hsch., 3 sg. ka-spéllei `stornǘei' (Hsch.), ft. ka-spoléō `hüpostorésō' (Sappho, Hsch.); stólo-s `Schiffsschnabel; Auswuchs, Stumpf, Anhängsel', stélekhos n. (/stélekho-s m.) `das Stammende an der Wurzel eines Baumes, Strunk, Klotz, Stamm, Ast'; steleǟ́, stelei̯ǟ́ (Hom.), steleó-n n., steleó-s/-ei̯ó-s m. (att. Inschr.), stẹ̄lei̯ǟ́ f. (Hom.), steileó-s m. (Hsch.), stẹ̄leiós m. (Aesop.) `Stiel einer Axt, einer Hacke, eines Hammers etc.'; stǟ́lǟ, aeol. stállā f. `Säule'; stǖ̂lo-s `Säule, Pfeiler, Stütze'

Baltic: *stul̂-m-a- (2) c., *stal̂-t-a- (1) adj.; *stal-ī̂- vb.

Germanic: *stil-a- n., *stil-u- c., *stal-an- m., *stull-an- m., -ō(n-) f.; *stall-a- m., n.; *stall-ia- vb.; *stall-i- adj.; *stall-ō- vb.

Latin: stolō, -ōnis m. `Wurzelschoss, der von der Wurzel ausschlägt und dem Stamm Nahrung entzieht'

Russ. meaning: ставить; ствол, столб

References: WP II 643 f

Comments: Greek has a contamination of the roots, *stel- and *skʷel-.

Proto-IE: *ster-

Meaning: barren

Tokharian: ? B śari 'calf, heifer?' (Adams 622)

Old Indian: starī́- f. `barren cow, heifer'

Armenian: sterǯ `unfruchtbar (von Tier)', sterd `ds.'

Old Greek: stêi̯ra f. `unfruchtbare', stéripho- `unfruchtbar'

Slavic: *sterīcā: болг. стерица `Gelte'

Germanic: *stir-ōn- f.; *stir-k-ia- n., *stir-k-(i)ōn- f.

Latin: sterilis, -e (OLat sterilus, -a) `unfruchtbar; leer, ertraglos'

Albanian: štjer_e junge Kuh, Lamm

Russ. meaning: я́ловая

References: WP II 640 f

Proto-IE: *ster-

Meaning: to steal

Old Greek: stéromai̯, sterískō, -omai̯ `beraubt sein, entbehren, verlustig gehen', aor. `beraubt werden, verlieren'

Celtic: *sterwā > MIr serb `Diebstahl'

Russ. meaning: воровать

References: WP II 636

Proto-IE: *stere-, *strē-

Meaning: strong, steady

Tokharian: A ṣtare 'effort' (*storo-), B śćīre 'hard, harsh' (*sterēn-) (Adams 639)

Old Greek: stereó- `steif, hart, fest, hartnäckig, standhaft, solid, normal, vorschriftsmässig', att. sterró- `id.', stéripho- `hart, fest', sterémnio- `id., solid', stêi̯ra f. `Vorderkiel, Vorsteven'; adv. strēnés `rauh, hart, schrill' (bes. von Lauten), strēnó- `rauh, hart, schrill', strē̂nos n. `Übermut, Zügellosigkeit, Üppigkeit'

Slavic: *stārātī

Baltic: *star-in̂- vb., *ster̂-/*stē̃r-, *stir̂-/*stī̃r- vb. inch.

Germanic: *starr-a- adj., *starr-i- adj., *star-an- m., *starr=, *starr-ia- vb., *sturr-an- m., *stur-n-i- adj., *stir-[d]=, etc.

Latin: strēnuus, -a `kräftig; rührig, betriebsam, unternehmend; schnell'; strēna `gutes Vorzeichen; das der guten Vorbedeutung halber gemachte Geschenk, bes. am Neujahrstag'

Celtic: *sterti-; *(s)trīn- > OIr seirt `Kraft'; Cymr serth `steif, starr'; trin `Mühe, Kampf'

Russ. meaning: крепкий, устойчивый

References: WP II 627 f

Proto-IE: *(s)ter(ǝ)p-

Meaning: end, edge

Old Indian: tarman- m.n. `top of the sacrificial post' (L.)

Old Greek: térthro-n n. `oberstes Ende (der Segelstande, Spitze), höchsster Punkt'; térma n. `Ziel (der Rennbahn), Endpunkt, höchster Punkt, oberste Gewalt', térmōn, -onos m. `Ende, Grenze, Kante'; térmi-s = poús Hsch.

Baltic: *tar̂pa- c.; *star̂pa- c. (2), *star̂p-ā̂ f. (2)

Latin: termō, -ōnis m. `Grenzstein', terminus, -ī m. `Grenzstein, Markstein, Grenze, Grenzgott; Ende, Ziel'; termen, -inis n. `id.'

Other Italic: Osk teremnattens `termināvērunt', teremníss, teremnatust `termināta est', teremenniú `termina'; Umbr termnom-e `ad terminum', termnas `terminātus'

Russ. meaning: конец, край

References: WP I 732 f

Proto-IE: *(s)terg(')-

Meaning: a k. of bird

Old Greek: tórgo-s m. `Geier'

Slavic: *stьrkъ (> ORus стьркъ)

Baltic: ? *ster̃k-a-, *star̃k-a-, -u- m.

Germanic: *sturk-a- m.

Russ. meaning: птица (крупная)

Proto-IE: *sterge-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to love

Old Greek: stérgō, aor. stérksai̯, pf. sterkhthē̂nai̯, pf. éstorga, ps. éstergmai̯ `Anhänglichkeit zeigen, Zuneigung hegen, zärtlich lieben', stérgēthro-n n. `Liebesmittel', stérgēma n. `Liebeszauber', storgǟ́ f. `Zuneigung, Liebe' <the root sterge- II>

Slavic: *stergǭ, *stérgtī

Celtic: OIr serc; Cymr serch `Liebe', Bret serc'h `Kebsweib'

Russ. meaning: любить

References: WP II 642

Proto-IE: *(s)tergʷh-

Meaning: skin (on the back)

Old Greek: stérphos, térphos n. `Haut, Fell, Hülle', stréphos = strémma, dérma, bǘrsa (Dōrieîs) Hsch; sterphó-peplo- `mit einem aus Haut bestehenden péplos'

Latin: tergum, -ī n; tergus, -ī m.; tergus, gen. -oris n. `Rücken; Rückseite; Oberfläche; Haut, Fell, Leder', tergīnum `Peitsche aus Leder'

Russ. meaning: кожа на спине

References: WP II 627 f

Proto-IE: *(s)tern-

Meaning: starling

Germanic: *staran- m., *star-a- m., *starn-a- m.; *ɵirn-ōn- f.

Latin: sturnus, gen. -ī `Star'

Russ. meaning: птица (скворец)

References: WP II 649

Proto-IE: *stern-

Meaning: chest, forehead, side

Hittite: istarna- 'Mitte' (Tischler 435-436)

Old Greek: stérno-n n. `Brust' (bei Hom. immer `männliche Brust')

Slavic: *stornā

Germanic: *stirn-ō(n-) f.

Russ. meaning: грудь, лоб, бок

References: WP II 638 f

Proto-IE: *(s)terp- (-ph-)

Meaning: to loose force, sensibility, to become numb

Old Greek: stérphnion = sklērón, stereón Hsch.; ? stérphos n. `hide, skin'; térphos, -eos = érphos, stérphos (Nic.); térphē = lépüra Hsch.

Slavic: *tьrpnǭtī `цепенеть, застывать'; *tьrpъkъ(jь)

Baltic: *tir̃p- (-ja-/-sta-) vb., *tirp-ē̂- (*tir̃p-a-)

Germanic: *stir[b]=, *star[b]=, *ɵarb-i- adj.

Latin: torpeō, -ēre `erstarrt, betäubt, gefühllos, taub sein', torpidus, -a `betäubt, erstarrt, gefühllos'

Russ. meaning: терять силу, чувствительность, коченеть

References: WP II 627 f

Comments: Cf. *terp- - possibly the same root.

Proto-IE: *ster(w)e-, *strō(w)-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to spread

Old Indian: str̥ṇā́ti, str̥ṇóti, starati, ptc. str̥tá-, stīrṇá-, inf. stártave, starī̆tavaí, stárītave `to spread, spread out, strew, scatter'; sva-stara- m. `self-strewn grass', pra-stará- m. `anything strewed; sacrificial seat; flat surface', stárīman- n. `spreading, scattering'

Avestan: staraiti, stǝrǝnaoiti, stǝrǝnāiti `sternere', ptc. stǝrǝta-, starǝta-; stairiš- n. `streu, Lager, Bett', urvarō-straya- (lesen -strya-) `prostiratio plantarum, Niederhauen von Pflanzungen als sündlige Handlung'

Old Greek: stórnǖmi, storénnǖmi, strṓnnǖmi, aor. storésai̯, strō̂sai̯, ps. storesthē̂nai̯, strōthē̂nai̯, pf. ps. éstrōmai̯, aeol. estórotai̯/-ētai̯, va. strōtó- `hinbreiten, ausbreiten, ein Bett machen, ebnen, bahnen, ausstreuen, bestreuen'; strō̂ma n. `das Ausgebreitete, Teppich, Bettzeug, Lager; buntes Flickwerk', strōmnǟ́ f. `Teppich, Matratze, Bett', strō̂si-s f. `das Ausbreiten, Pflasterrung', strōtḗr m. `Querbalken, Dachlatte'; storéu̯-s m. `der untere, flache Teil des Reibzeugs zum Feuermachen'; stórnǟ f. = zdṓnē (Kall., Lyk.)

Slavic: *stertī, *stьrǭ; *pro-storъ; *stornā

Baltic: *stir̂t-ā̂ f. (1/2)

Germanic: *strau-ja- vb., *straw-a- n., *strau-jō f., *strōw-a- n.

Latin: sternō, -ere, strāvī, strātum `ausbreiten, hinbreiten, hinstreuen, niederlegen, lagern; ebnen, glätten; bedecken, bestreuen'; strātum n. `Decke'; sternāx `störrisch'; strāgēs, -is f. `das Niedersinken, Niederstürzen, Verwüstung, Niederlage, Verheerung'; strāmen, -inis n. `Streu'; storea f. `geflochtene Decke aus Stroh, Binsen oder Stricken'; struō, -ere, strūxī, strūctum `schichten, neben-, überoder aneinanderlegen; aufbauen; anstiften , struēs, -is f. `Haufen, Menge; Opfergebäck'

Other Italic: Umbr strus̀la, struhc̨la, struc̨la `*struiculam, struem'

Celtic: OIr sernim `breite aus', cossair `Bett', fosair `Strohdecke', sreth `strues', sreith `pratum', MIr srath `Strand, Ufer, Talgrund'; Cymr sarn `stratum, pavimentum', OBret strouis `stravi', Bret streuein `streuen'

Albanian: štriń `breite aus'

Russ. meaning: расстилать, раскладывать

References: WP II 638 f

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