Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *tepö (-ü)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hill, top; top of head

Russian meaning: холм, вершина

Old Turkic: töpü

Karakhanid: tepe (Tefs.), töpü (KB)

Turkish: tepe, dial. depe

Tatar: tübɛ

Middle Turkic: tepe, töpe (MA, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: tepa

Uighur: töpä

Azerbaidzhan: täpä

Turkmen: depe

Oyrat: töbö

Chuvash: tübǝ, töbe (NW)

Yakut: töbö

Dolgan: töbö

Tuva: t`ej

Kirghiz: töbö

Kazakh: töbe

Noghai: töbe

Bashkir: tübɛ

Balkar: töbe

Gagauz: tepe

Karaim: tebe

Karakalpak: töbe

Kumyk: töbe

Comments: VEWT 494, 505, TMN 2, 450-452, EDT 436, ЭСТЯ 3, 197-199, Лексика 201, Stachowski 227. The original meaning was probably 'crest, top of head': cf. Kirgh. tüpök 'бунчук', Chuv. tǝʷbek 'crest, top of head'. Forms with d- in Oghuz may be a trace of a different root (see below); but Kirgh. döbö and Uygh. döwä are most probably < Mong. döbe.

Proto-Turkic: *ter

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hired labour 2 wages

Russian meaning: 1 работа по найму 2 зарплата

Karakhanid: ter 1, 2 (MK, IM)

Turkish: ter oɣlan 'hired worker'

Middle Turkic: ter 2 (MA)

Chuvash: tar(a) 1

Yakut: terij- 'to organize'

Tuva: xol deri 2 (contamination: lit. 'arm sweat')

Kirghiz: maŋdaj teri 2 (contamination: lit. 'forehead sweat')

Comments: VEWT 474, EDT 528, Лексика 353, Федотов 2, 176 (the root should be kept distinct from *der 'sweat'.

Proto-Turkic: *tEŕek

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dung

Russian meaning: навоз

Old Turkic: tezek (OUygh. - YB)

Karakhanid: tezek (MK)

Turkish: tezek

Tatar: tizäk, kizäk

Middle Turkic: tezek (Sangl., MA)

Uzbek: tezak

Uighur: tezäk

Azerbaidzhan: täzäk

Turkmen: tezek

Khakassian: tizek

Shor: tezek

Oyrat: tezek

Halaj: täzäk

Chuvash: ? tirǝs

Tuva: de's 'clotted blood'

Tofalar: de's 'clotted blood' (Рас. ФиЛ)

Kirghiz: tezek

Kazakh: tezek

Noghai: tezek

Bashkir: tiδäk

Balkar: tezgek

Gagauz: tezek

Karaim: tez'ak

Karakalpak: tezek

Salar: tesex, tözex (ССЯ)

Kumyk: tezek

Comments: VEWT 477, TMN 2, 508, EDT 574, Федотов 2, 236. Chuv. > Tat., Bashk. tires.

Proto-Turkic: *Tẹrk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to curse, despise

Russian meaning: упрекать, ругать

Tatar: tirgɛ-

Middle Turkic: te/irke- (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: terga-

Uighur: tärgi-

Yakut: tirē- 'to threaten'

Bashkir: tirgä-

Comments: VEWT 481.

Proto-Turkic: *TẹrKe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to observe, research

Russian meaning: исследовать, обдумывать, расследовать

Middle Turkic: te/irke- 1 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: terga- 'to interrogate'

Uighur: tärgäw 'examination, inquiry'

Chuvash: tirge- 'to judge, discriminate'

Kirghiz: terge-

Kazakh: terge-

Noghai: terge-

Balkar: terge-

Karaim: terge-

Karakalpak: terge-

Kumyk: terge-

Comments: VEWT 475, Федотов 2, 236-237 (the meaning `judge, discriminate' cannot be explained from Arab. terk `leave').

Proto-Turkic: *Terki

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: table, portable table

Russian meaning: столик

Karakhanid: tergi (MK, KB)

Middle Turkic: tirki (CCum.)

Karaim: tirki 'sacrificial table'

Comments: VEWT 475, EDT 544.

Proto-Turkic: *terkü ( ~ -i-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: saddle straps

Russian meaning: торока

Karakhanid: tergü (MK)

Turkish: terki `rear saddlebow'

Middle Turkic: terki (Pav. C.), (MKypch.) tergü (Houts.)

Azerbaidzhan: tärk `place behind the saddle'

Turkmen: tirkiš

Khakassian: tirgǝ

Shor: terig

Oyrat: terki

Chuvash: türt `back, back side', türt-lǝx 'чресседельник'

Yakut: törgǖ

Tuva: dergi

Comments: VEWT 475-476, EDT 544, TMN 2, 499-500. The stem is connected - in a somewhat unclear fashion - with *tirke- 'to hitch' (derived from tiz- 'to string' in Хелимский 1986 and Дыбо 1995, 282 - but the latter should be properly reconstructed as *diŕ-, so this derivation is by no means certain). External evidence suggests that *-i- is original here; the vowel *-e- in *terkü may be due to the influence of *dēr-ke- 'to gather; equip' (see *dēr-).

Proto-Turkic: *tēk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 odd 2 only, solitary 3 understanding nothing 4 zero 5 vain, in vain

Russian meaning: 1 нечетный 2 единственный, только 3 ничего не понимающий 4 ноль 5 напрасный, напрасно

Old Turkic: tek 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tek 2 (MK, KB)

Turkish: tek 1, 2

Tatar: tik 2

Middle Turkic: tek 2 (Sangl.)

Azerbaidzhan: täk 1, 2

Turkmen: tǟk 1, 2

Khakassian: tik 3

Shor: tek 5

Tuva: tik 3, tek 3, 4

Kirghiz: tek 5

Kazakh: tek 2

Noghai: tek 2

Bashkir: tik 2

Balkar: tegaran 2

Gagauz: tek 1, 2

Karaim: tek 2

Karakalpak: tegin 2

Kumyk: tek 2

Comments: VEWT 470, TMN 2, 660, EDT 475. Turk. > Mong. Khalkha teg `zero', Kalm. teg 'kurz, niedrig' (KW 389).

Proto-Turkic: *tēl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 wire, string 2 thong 3 strand

Russian meaning: 1 волосок, струна, проволока 2 ремешок, которым привязан наконечник стрелы 3 прядь, пучок нитей

Karakhanid: tili 2 (MK)

Turkish: tel 1

Azerbaidzhan: tel 1

Turkmen: til 1

Chuvash: tal 3

Noghai: tel 1

Gagauz: tel 1

Kumyk: tel 1

Comments: VEWT 471, EDT 491. Turk. > NPers., Kurd., Osset. tel etc. Bailey 129 cites Saka ttīla 'thread, wire' and considers it the source of Turkic forms, tracing it back to *tarɵrya - cf. Pers. tār < *tarɵra. However there are no direct Iranian parallels for the Saka form (cf. Аб. 3, 288, maintaining that the Osset. and Kurd. form do not go back to Proto-Iranian but are borrowed from neighbouring languages); so the word may well be a Turkism in Saka and other Iranian languages. The Turkic origin is also corroborated by the Chuv. parallel.

Proto-Turkic: *Tẹ̄l

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to put the kid or calf to a different milch-ewe or cow 2 a kid or calf sucking two milch-ewes or cows

Russian meaning: 1 отдать ягненка другой кормящей самке 2 теленок, сосущий двух маток

Karakhanid: tel- (MK) 1

Tatar: tile- 1

Oyrat: telkin 'roe (female)'

Yakut: tīl 2, tilij- 1

Tuva: tel 2

Kirghiz: teli- 1, tel 2

Kazakh: tel- 1, tel 2

Bashkir: tile- 1

Karakalpak: teli- 1

Comments: EDT 490 (sub 'to pierce'), VEWT 471. Turk. > MMo, WMong. tel, teleɣe id. (see Щербак 1997, 166).

Proto-Turkic: *tēŕ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to run away, flee 2 swift; scary, shy

Russian meaning: 1 убегать 2 быстрый; пугливый, робкий

Old Turkic: tez- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tez- 1 (MK)

Turkish: tez 2

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) dez- 1 (AH)

Uighur: täz- 1

Azerbaidzhan: täz- 1, täz 2

Turkmen: tez- 1, tīz 2

Khakassian: tis- 1

Halaj: täz- 1

Chuvash: tar- 1

Yakut: tehī 2

Dolgan: tehī 2

Tuva: des- 1

Tofalar: des- 1

Comments: VEWT 477, EDT 572, Stachowski 220. Turk. > Pers. tīz (not vice versa, as sometimes suggested).

Proto-Turkic: *Ti-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of biting insect

Russian meaning: вид кусающего насекомого

Old Turkic: ti-ler (OUygh.)

Comments: See EDT 501: the word is located in a list of harmful biting insects, between flies and ants.

Proto-Turkic: *T(i)adun

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 a one- or two-year old calf 2 ox

Russian meaning: 1 годовалый или двухгодовалый теленок 2 вол

Karakhanid: taδun (MK) 1

Khakassian: tazɨn 2

Comments: EDT 457.

Proto-Turkic: *t(i)agar(a)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 an earthenware dish 2 trough

Russian meaning: 1 глиняное блюдо 2 корыто

Karakhanid: taɣara (Tefs.) 1

Turkish: ṭagar 'dish' (Osm.)

Tatar: taɣaraq 2

Uzbek: taɣar 1

Turkmen: taGara 2

Tuva: tāqtɨg 'barrel'

Comments: EDT 471, VEWT 454, Радлов 3, 796-797. Should be distinguished from *dagar 'sack' (confused in ЭСТЯ 3, 120-122 and TMN 2, 512-519 - here with an additional confusion with *dabar 'wares').

Proto-Turkic: *tiakɨgu (/ -ŋu)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hen, fowl

Russian meaning: курица

Old Turkic: taqɨɣu (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: taqaɣu (MK)

Turkish: tavuk

Tatar: tawɨq

Middle Turkic: taɣuq, tawuq (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tɔwuq

Uighur: toxa, toxu

Sary-Yughur: taqaɣɨ

Azerbaidzhan: tojuG

Turkmen: towuq

Khakassian: taɣax, taŋax

Oyrat: taqā

Chuvash: čъxъ

Tuva: da'ɣā

Tofalar: taqqɨńaq (perhaps < Mong.)

Kirghiz: tōk

Kazakh: tawɨq

Noghai: tawɨq

Bashkir: tawɨq

Balkar: tawuq

Gagauz: tauq

Karaim: tawuq

Karakalpak: tawɨq

Salar: tox (Kakuk)

Kumyk: tawuq

Comments: VEWT 457, EDT 468, TMN 2, 441-442, Егоров 321. Turk. > Hung. tyúk, see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *T(i)āna-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: nostril

Russian meaning: ноздря

Tatar: tanaw

Khakassian: tanɨ̄

Yakut: tanɨ̄

Tuva: tanaq

Bashkir: tanau 'nose'

Comments: VEWT 460, Лексика 218. Because of late attestation borrowing from Mong. is not excluded; but it is not quite probable for phonetic reasons.

Proto-Turkic: *tik-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to hate, fear

Russian meaning: ненавидеть, бояться

Turkish: tiksin-

Azerbaidzhan: diksin-

Turkmen: tiksin-

Kirghiz: tikireŋde- 'to assault viciously'

Kazakh: tik-baqaj 'stubborn, violent', tikireŋde- id.

Balkar: tiklik 'tension (of relations)'

Comments: Somewhat unclear voicing in Az. See Дыбо 1991.

Proto-Turkic: *tikö

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: slice, piece

Russian meaning: часть, кусок

Karakhanid: tikü (MK)

Turkish: tike

Middle Turkic: tike (Pav. C.)

Azerbaidzhan: tikä

Turkmen: tike

Halaj: tike

Kirghiz: bir tike 'a little bit'

Comments: TMN 2, 918, EDT 478.

Proto-Turkic: *ti-(kü)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: that

Russian meaning: тот

Tatar: tege

Middle Turkic: (OKypch.) tigi (Bulgat), tik (Ettuhf.)

Turkmen: (dial.) šü-tki,šütüki, bitiki 'вот этот' (Akhaltek.)

Khakassian: tege; ĭ-di 'so, thus'

Yakut: i-ti 'this'

Dolgan: i-ti 'this'

Tuva: dȫ

Tofalar: tē

Kirghiz: tigi

Kazakh: tigi (dial.)

Bashkir: tege

Gagauz: te bu 'this here', te o 'that there'

Salar: düɣü, tǖ

Comments: VEWT 479, Räsänen 1957, 36, Котвич 1962, 142, Stachowski 129.

Proto-Turkic: *Tilgen

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wheel

Russian meaning: колесо

Old Turkic: tilgen, tilken (OUygh.)

Comments: EDT 499.