Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *bAj-ra-m/k, bAj-ga

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 feast 2 horse-race 3 a prize in horse-race

Russian meaning: 1 праздник 2 скачки 3 приз за победу в скачках

Karakhanid: baδram (MK), bajram (MK Oghuz) 1

Turkish: bajram 1

Tatar: bɛjrɛm 1, bɛjgi 2

Middle Turkic: bajram (Бор. Бад.) 1, bajɣa 1 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: bajram 1, pajgä (R) 3, bajraq (dial., Khorazm) 3

Uighur: bajram 1, (dial.- Lobn.) bajɣa 1

Azerbaidzhan: bajram 1

Turkmen: bajram 1, bajraq 3

Khakassian: paj 1 (Sag.), pajram 1

Shor: bajram 1, pajɣa 1 (R)

Oyrat: bajram 1

Kirghiz: majram 1, bajge 2, 3

Kazakh: mäjram 1, bäjge 2, 3, (dial.) bajraq 3

Noghai: bajram 1

Bashkir: bajram 1, bäjgi 2, 3

Balkar: bajram 1

Gagauz: bajram 1

Karaim: bajram 1

Karakalpak: bajram 1, bäjge 2, 3, bajraq 3

Kumyk: bajram 1

Comments: VEWT 54, 56, ЭСТЯ 2, 32, 33-34 (erroneously under *baδrak 'flag'), 35-36, TMN 2, 384-385. Here one should reconstruct *-j- (not *-δ-), dissimilated before -r- according to Mudrak's rule. Formally *baj-ra-m and *baj-ra-k are deverbatives from a hypothetical *baj-ra- 'to celebrate'; *baj-ga is a denominative with a usual East.-Kypch. suffix. Menges' (1933, 101) hypothesis of bajga < Russ. is quite unlikely (cf. the areal and the Chag. fixation). A rather popular theory of Iranian origin is also excluded: the only acceptable etymology of Pers. bajram is < Turkic (see also ЭСТЯ). Because of semantics, hardly connected with Mong. baj 'sign, goal, road sign'. Turk. > Russ. Siber. bajgá (Аникин 109).

Proto-Turkic: *bạk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to look, watch

Russian meaning: смотреть

Karakhanid: baq- (MK, KB)

Turkish: bak-

Tatar: baq-

Middle Turkic: baq- (Abush.)

Uzbek: bɔq-

Uighur: baq-

Azerbaidzhan: bax-

Turkmen: baq-

Khakassian: pax-

Oyrat: baq-

Chuvash: pъʷx-

Yakut: bɨk- 'to appear, to arise'

Dolgan: bɨk- 'to look out'

Tuva: baq-qɨ-la- 'to peek, to arise'

Tofalar: ba'k-

Kirghiz: baq- 'to look after'

Kazakh: baq- 'to look after'

Noghai: baq- 'to graze'

Bashkir: baq-

Balkar: baq-

Gagauz: baq-

Karaim: baq-

Karakalpak: baq- 'to look after'

Salar: pax-, vax- (ССЯ 440, 542)

Kumyk: baq-

Comments: EDT 311, VEWT 58, ЭСТЯ 2, 38-40, Мудрак 99, Stachowski 70.

Proto-Turkic: *bakań

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hoof 2 knucklebone 3 joints in animals' feet

Russian meaning: 1 копыто 2 бабка 3 суставы в ногах животных

Old Turkic: baqanaq 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: baqanaq, baqajaq 1 (MK)

Turkish: bakanak, bakɨnak 1, 2 (dial.)

Tatar: bɛkɛl 2

Uighur: baqalčäq 'shinbone'

Azerbaidzhan: baɣanaɣ, baɣančaɣ 3 (dial.)

Khakassian: paɣajax, maxajax 2

Tofalar: mahnɨq `metatarsus' (ФиЛ 205)

Kirghiz: baqaj 3

Kazakh: baqaj 3

Noghai: baqaj 3

Bashkir: bäqäl 3

Comments: VEWT 58, EDT 316-317, ЭСТЯ 2, 43-44, Дыбо 310, Лексика 286-287.

Proto-Turkic: *bAkan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: necklace, torque

Russian meaning: ожерелье

Karakhanid: baqan (MK)

Comments: EDT 316.

Proto-Turkic: *bakɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 copper 2 patina

Russian meaning: 1 медь 2 налет, патина

Old Turkic: baqɨr 1 (Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: baqɨr 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: bakɨr 1

Tatar: baqɨr 1

Middle Turkic: baqɨr (MA, Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: baqir, paqir 1

Uighur: paqir 1

Sary-Yughur: paqɨr 1

Azerbaidzhan: paxɨr 2

Turkmen: baqɨr 1

Khakassian: pāɣǝr (Kyz., Joki) 1

Oyrat: baqras 'brass kettle'

Chuvash: pъʷgъʷr 1

Yakut: baɣaraχ 'pot for boiling milk'

Kirghiz: baqɨr 1

Kazakh: baqɨr 1

Noghai: baqɨr 1

Bashkir: baqɨr 1

Balkar: baɣɨr 1

Gagauz: baqɨr 1

Karaim: baɣɨr 1

Karakalpak: baqɨr 1

Kumyk: baɣɨr 1

Comments: EDT 317, VEWT 58, ЭСТЯ 2, 45-46, Лексика 405-406. Turk. > WMong. baqar, baqur (Kalm. baχr), see KW 29, Щербак 1997, 104. Turk. > Russ. Siber. bakírka (Аникин 111-112).

Proto-Turkic: *bakɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: cockle

Russian meaning: куколь

Tatar: baqra

Chuvash: poxra

Comments: Федотов 1, 441-442. Cf. Tel. paɣɨr 'allium nutans', 'слизун' (R).

Proto-Turkic: *bakna ( ~ -g-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rung of a ladder, step of a staircase

Russian meaning: ступенька лестницы

Karakhanid: baɣna (MK)

Comments: EDT 316.

Proto-Turkic: *bạl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mud, clay

Russian meaning: грязь, глина

Karakhanid: balčɨq (MK,IM), bal(ɨ)q (MK)

Turkish: balčɨk

Tatar: balčɨq

Middle Turkic: balčɨq (Pav. C.), palčɨq (Sangl.)

Uzbek: balčiq

Uighur: balčuq

Azerbaidzhan: palčɨG

Turkmen: palčɨq

Khakassian: palčax (Sag.)

Oyrat: bal-qaš

Halaj: palčoq ( < Az.)

Chuvash: pɨlǯъk

Yakut: bɨlɨ̄k 'sand, silt, brought by water' (Пек.)

Tuva: balɣaš, malɣaš

Tofalar: ba'lxaš

Kazakh: balšɨq, balqaš

Noghai: balšɨq

Bashkir: balsɨq

Karaim: balčɨq

Salar: palčɨx (ССЯ 435 и др.)

Kumyk: balčɨq

Comments: EDT 333, 336, VEWT 60, Мудрак Дисс. 179, Лексика 374. Turk. > Mong. balčig (Щербак 1997, 103). In Chuv. one would rather expect pɨśǝx, so the form may reflect a slightly different morphologically *bạlɨ-čak.

Proto-Turkic: *bạl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: honey

Russian meaning: мед

Karakhanid: bal (MK Suvar, Kypchak, Oghuz)

Turkish: bal

Tatar: bal

Middle Turkic: bal (Sangl.)

Uzbek: bɔl

Uighur: bal

Azerbaidzhan: bal

Turkmen: bal

Khakassian: pal

Shor: pal

Chuvash: pɨl

Kirghiz: bal

Kazakh: bal

Noghai: bal

Bashkir: bal

Balkar: bal

Gagauz: bal

Karaim: bal

Karakalpak: bal, pal

Salar: pal

Kumyk: bal

Comments: VEWT 59, EDT 330, ЭСТЯ 2, 47. Turk. > Mong. bal (Щербак 1997, 103).

Proto-Turkic: *bAla- (?)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fir tree

Russian meaning: ель

Kirghiz: balatɨ 'young fir tree'

Bashkir: balaštɨ (VEWT)

Balkar: balas (VEWT)

Comments: VEWT 60 (the Bashk. and KBalk. forms are only found there, so the root is somewhat dubious).

Proto-Turkic: *bAlak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 ankle 2 trouser leg 3 foot sole

Russian meaning: 1 щиколотка 2 штанина 3 стопа

Turkish: balaq 2 (dial.)

Tatar: balaq 1, 2

Middle Turkic: balaq 2 (Pav. C.)

Azerbaidzhan: balaG 2

Turkmen: balaq 2

Kazakh: balaq 2; 'bird's foot'

Noghai: balaq 2

Bashkir: balaq 2

Balkar: balaq 2, 3

Karaim: balaq 2

Karakalpak: balaq 2

Kumyk: balaq 2

Comments: VEWT 59, TMN 2, 312, ЭСТЯ 2, 51, Лексика 478. Turk. > Russ. Siber. baláki (Pl.) (Аникин 114). [The latter contains a mistake: balaq 'пахи' is not attested in Kirgh. - it is found in Radloff marked as Kirgh., which means Kazakh. Modern Kazakh dictionaries do not note this meaning; according to the КТТС (1, 86) it means `a trouser leg from the knee downwards; horse's ankle; part of bird's leg from the knee down to the ankle'. In Kirgh. a related stem may be balak-ta- 'to hang loose (of clothes, particularly of wide trouser legs)'.]

Proto-Turkic: *bAlbal

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a stone pillar erected on a grave

Russian meaning: каменная колонна на могиле, истукан

Old Turkic: balbal (Orkh., Yen.)

Comments: EDT 333. Borrowed (possibly from an unattested Bulgar source) in Old Russ. bolvanъ, Hung. bálvány 'stone idol' (suggestion of Melioranski, evidently preferable to the hypothesis of Korsch-Dmitriev < Pers. pahlavān, see Шипова 84-85, Аникин 114).

Proto-Turkic: *baĺč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: head

Russian meaning: голова

Old Turkic: baš (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: baš (MK, KB)

Turkish: baš

Tatar: baš

Middle Turkic: baš (Abush., MA)

Uzbek: bɔš

Uighur: baš

Sary-Yughur: baš

Azerbaidzhan: baš

Turkmen: baš

Khakassian: pas

Shor: paš

Oyrat: baš

Halaj: baš

Chuvash: poś

Yakut: bas; battaq 'hair of head'

Dolgan: bas; battak 'head of reindeer; reindeer skin'

Tuva: ba'š

Tofalar: ba'š

Kirghiz: baš

Kazakh: baš

Noghai: bas

Bashkir: baš

Balkar: baš

Gagauz: baš

Karaim: baš

Karakalpak: bas

Salar: baš

Kumyk: baš

Comments: VEWT 64, ЭСТЯ 2, 85-88, TMN 2, 250-253, EDT 375-6, Федотов 1, 452, Ашм. X, 15, Лексика 194, Stachowski 54, 55.

Proto-Turkic: *bAldak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hilt 2 stalk, stem

Russian meaning: 1 рукоятка 2 стебель, ствол

Turkish: baldak 1

Tatar: baldaq 1

Middle Turkic: baldaq 1 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: bɔldɔq 1

Uighur: baldaq 1

Turkmen: baldaq 2

Kirghiz: baldaq 1

Kazakh: baldaq 1

Noghai: baldaq 1

Bashkir: baldaq 1

Karakalpak: baldaq 1

Comments: VEWT 60, ЭСТЯ 2, 52. Similar forms of the type *balčak may be borrowed from Mong., while WMong. baldaɣ, bardaɣ, Khalkha baldag, bardag, Mongor bardaG 'hilt' are rather < Turkic.

Proto-Turkic: *baldɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: beginning of the spring season, lambing season

Russian meaning: начало весеннего сезона, сезона рождения ягнят

Karakhanid: baldɨr (MK)

Uighur: baldi(r) (dial.: УДС 23) 'last year'

Comments: The root tends to mix with *bɨldur 'last year', but is explicitly distinguished by MK (as baldɨr vs. bɨldɨr).

Proto-Turkic: *bạlgɨn

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 tamarisk, 2 viburnum

Russian meaning: 1 тамариск 2 калина

Karakhanid: bulɣuna, (dial.) malɣuna (MK) 1

Tatar: balan 2

Uzbek: balxi 'white mulberry'

Uighur: balan 2 (РУС 1956)

Azerbaidzhan: palan 2 (R)

Turkmen: balxɨ 'a k. of white mulberry'

Shor: palan 2 (R)

Oyrat: balan 2

Chuvash: (palan < Tat.), (*polan > Mari polan 2)

Yakut: bɨlax 'white willow; willow branches as fodder'

Kirghiz: balɣɨn 1 'a k. of bush similar to žɨlɣɨn'

Bashkir: balan 2

Balkar: balan 2 (Karach.)

Comments: EDT 338, ЭСТЯ 2, 52, VEWT 59, 324, Дмитр. 189, 201. Turk. > Mong. balɣu, balɣuna 'tamarisk'. Forms like balxɨ may be secondarily modified ('Balkh mulberry'), but in any case not < Iranian.

Proto-Turkic: *bAlɨg

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wounded

Russian meaning: раненый

Old Turkic: balɨɣ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: balɨɣ (MK, KB)

Khakassian: palɨɣ

Shor: palɨɣ

Oyrat: balu

Tuva: balɨɣ

Tofalar: balɨɣ

Comments: VEWT 53, EDT 335, ЭСТЯ 2, 88-89. Turk. > Bur. bala 'bruise, injury'.

Proto-Turkic: *bAlk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to shine, glitter

Russian meaning: сверкать, сиять

Turkish: balk- (dial.)

Tatar: balqɨ-

Middle Turkic: (MKypch., Xwar.) balqɨ-(CCum., AH, Qutb)

Turkmen: balqɨlda-

Oyrat: malqɨl, malʁɨl 'bright, shining'

Kazakh: balqɨ-

Bashkir: balqɨ-

Karaim: balqɨ-

Karakalpak: balqɨ-

Kumyk: balqɨ-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 2, 56-57.

Proto-Turkic: *bAlka

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hammer

Russian meaning: молоток

Tatar: balɣa (Sib.)

Uzbek: balɣa (Chag.)

Kirghiz: balɣa

Comments: VEWT 61, ЭСТЯ 2, 57-58. Turk. > Mong. balɣu, balig (KW 31).

Proto-Turkic: *bAĺ-mak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: boot, shoe

Russian meaning: ботинок, обувь

Karakhanid: bašmaq (MK Oghuz), bašaq (MK Chigil), bašmaq (IM)

Turkish: bašmak, pašmak

Tatar: bašmaq

Middle Turkic: bašmaq (Sangl., MA)

Uzbek: dial. (Khorazm) baš-lɨq 'heel-piece of a boot'

Azerbaidzhan: bašmaG

Turkmen: bašmaq, pašmaq ("heel of a camel; boot")

Kirghiz: bašmaq-ta- 'to sole (a boot)'

Noghai: bašmaq

Bashkir: bašmaq

Balkar: bašmaq

Karakalpak: bašmaq

Kumyk: bašmaq

Comments: EDT 382-383, ЭСТЯ 2, 93-95, ОСНЯ 3 69, TMN 2, 293-294. Doerfer's inner etymology (bašmak with vowel elision < *baša-mak from *baša- 'to cut, make notches') is impossible: baša- is derived from *bāĺ(č) 'wound' with a long vowel, while bašmak has a short one.