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1 \data\alt\monget
Proto-Mongolian: *kawda-
Meaning: 1 bark 2 page
Russian meaning: 1 кора 2 страница
Written Mongolian: qaudasu, qaɣudasu(n) 2 (L 909) Khalkha: xūdas 2
Buriat: xūdaha(n) 2
Kalmuck: xūdъsṇ 1
Ordos: xūdasu 2
Comments: KW 201. Although later contaminations were possible, Mong. *kawda- can not be explained as borrowed from Turk. qaɣad 'paper' ( < Arab.), despite Щербак 1997 , 126. Mong. > Man. xoušan etc., see Doerfer MT 142.Proto-Mongolian: *salki
Meaning: wind
Russian meaning: ветер
Written Mongolian: salki(n) (L 665) Khalkha: salxi
Buriat: halxi(n)
Kalmuck: sälkṇ, saĺkṇ
Ordos: salχin
Shary-Yoghur: salGǝn
Monguor: sarki (SM 329), (MGCD salkī) Comments: KW 318, MGCD 591. Mong. > Turk. salqɨn 'cool day', Oyr. salqɨn etc., Kirgh. salqɨn 'wind' etc., see TMN 1, 341, VEWT 398, Щербак 1997 , 209, Лексика 16, 41, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 94.Proto-Mongolian: *balčir
Meaning: very young, infant
Russian meaning: малолетний
Written Mongolian: balčir (L 80) Khalkha: balčir
Buriat: balšar
Kalmuck: balčṛ
Comments: KW 32. Cf. also S.-Yugh. bala 'egg' - an isolated form and hardly archaic ( < Turk. bala 'child'?).Proto-Mongolian: *tojig, *tuwkai
Meaning: 1 knee 2 huckle-bone (of animals)
Russian meaning: 1 колено 2 лодыжка (животных)
Written Mongolian: tojiɣ 1 (L 819), tuuqai 2 (L 847) Khalkha: tojg 1, tūxaj 2
Buriat: tojn 1
Kalmuck: tȫg 1
Ordos: toö̯g 'patella', tūxǟ 'положение игральной кости, которое называется mori'
Dagur: twalčig, (Тод. Даг. 168) tuarečihe (MD 227), tolčig, twalčig ( < *tuɣalčig) 1 Comments: KW 408, MGCD 639. Cf. also (for the Daghur form) WMong. tobčilaɣur, Khalkha tovčlūr 'clavicle', Kalm. topčǝlūr 'das Schlüsselbein; das Vorderblatt des Pferdes' (KW 401) - probably a secondary contamination with tobčila-ɣur `buckle, clasp', a derivative of tobčila- `to buckle'. MMong. (HY ) tobux 'knee cap' may be a Turkism (see Щербак 1997 , 157).Proto-Mongolian: *(h)očki-n
Meaning: spark
Russian meaning: искра
Written Mongolian: oči(n) (L 599) Khalkha: oč
Buriat: ošo(n)
Kalmuck: očṇ
Ordos: oči
Dongxian: očin
Baoan: oken
Monguor: śʒ́un, fuʒ́un
Mogol: ukin; ZM očkä (18-3b) Comments: KW 291. Mong. > Turk. učkun 'spark' (see Лексика 368-369; not attested in OTurkic).Proto-Mongolian: *mören
Meaning: river
Russian meaning: река
Written Mongolian: mören (L 548) Middle Mongolian: muren (HY 2, SH ), murän (MA ) Khalkha: mörön
Buriat: müre(n)
Kalmuck: mörṇ
Ordos: mörön
Dongxian: moren, moran
Baoan: moroŋ
Shary-Yoghur: merēn, merēm
Comments: KW 267, MGCD 298, 492. Mong. > MTurk. mürän 'river' (TMN 1, 506, Щербак 1997 , 206). The MMong. form in LHa - merän - is certainly not enough to reconstruct PM *meren, as attempted by Doerfer (TMN 1, 507) (cf. -ö- or -ü- in other sources). This is obviously done in order to attack the traditional etymology of the word, which nevertheless still holds.Proto-Mongolian: *gawr-su
Meaning: 1 chaff, straw 2 feather (usually for writing)
Russian meaning: 1 солома, мякина 2 перо (обычно для письма)
Written Mongolian: ɣaɣursu (L 344), ɣuɣursu (L 365), ɣuursu (L 371), ɣaursu 1, 2 Khalkha: gūrs(an) 1, 2
Buriat: gūrha(n) 2
Kalmuck: ɣūrsṇ 1, 2
Ordos: Gūrsu 1
Shary-Yoghur: gūrs 'pipe' (MGCD 302) Comments: KW 157. Mong. > Turk. qavursun, Kirgh. qaursu etc. (ЭСТЯ 5, 177).Proto-Mongolian: *kara-
Meaning: 1 to look 2 patrol, watch
Russian meaning: 1 смотреть 2 патруль, караул
Written Mongolian: qara- 1, qaraɣul 2 (L 932, 933) Middle Mongolian: qara- 1, qara'ul (SH ) 2, qara- (MA , HY t) 1 Khalkha: xara- 1, xarūl 2
Buriat: xara- 1
Kalmuck: xarǝ- 1
Ordos: xara- 1
Shary-Yoghur: χarūl 2, χarǝmul 'sight'
Monguor: xarụ̄la- (SM 164), xarǝ- 1; xarǝmul 'sight' Comments: KW 169, MGCD 329, 331, 334. Mong. > Chag. etc. qara-, qarawul (see TMN 1, 401, Щербак 1997 , 208; a backloan from Turkic is probably ZM qarawol (8-6a) 'vanguard'), ЭСТЯ 5, 288-289, 290-291.Proto-Mongolian: *bur-gi- / *bür-gi-
Meaning: to rise (of dust, smoke)
Russian meaning: подниматься (о пыли, дыме)
Written Mongolian: burgi-(ra-) (L 138), bürgi-ni- Middle Mongolian: burqalix 'whirlwind' (SH ) Khalkha: burgi-
Buriat: burja-, borjol- (Tsongol)
Kalmuck: bürgn-, bürgǝń-
Ordos: burgila-, burgi-
Monguor: puʒ́irā- (SM 306) Comments: KW 68. Mong. > Man. burgi-, see TMN 1, 227; > Turk. Uzb. burqira-n- 'клубиться, дымиться', Kirgh. burk-ura-, burgu- 'валить клубами', Nogh. burkɨ-ra- 'клубиться', Bashk. borqo- 'вздыматься (о пыли)', KKalp. burqɨ- 'валить клубами'.Proto-Mongolian: *kab-
Meaning: 1 to pinch, squeeze, grasp; hold 2 to join, press together 3 flat
Russian meaning: 1 сжимать, хватать, держать 2 соединять, сдавливать 3 плоский
Written Mongolian: qabči- (L 896); qabla- 1; qabsara- 2 (L 898: qabsu-, qabsur-, qabsura-); qabta- 3 (L 899) Middle Mongolian: qabči- 1, qabataxai (HY 53), qabtaqai 3 (SH ), qabči- 1, qǝbtaɣai 3 (MA 284, 285) Khalkha: xavči-; xavsr- 2; xavt- 3; xavtgaj 3
Buriat: xabša-
Kalmuck: xapčǝ-, xawšǝ-; xawl- 1
Ordos: Gabči- 1, gǟbtǟgǟ 3, Gabtǟ- 'be flat'
Monguor: xamā- 's'agacer (dents)' (SM 153) Comments: KW 167, 174. qabči- may be a merger of *kab- and *kajiči (v. sub *kăp`è ). Mong. qabta- > Evk. kapta- etc., see Doerfer MT 25-26; Mong. qabči- > Evk. kapči-, see ibid. 125; Mong. qabčiɣur 'tongs' (despite Щербак 1997 , 165, not < Turk.) > Evk. kapčur, Man. qabčixun, see ibid. 127, Poppe 1966 , 193, Rozycki 129; Mong. > Kirgh. qapčɨɣaj, qapčal etc., see ЭСТЯ 5, 273-274.Proto-Mongolian: *kirmag
Meaning: first snow
Russian meaning: первый снег
Written Mongolian: kirmaɣ (L 470: kirmaɣ, kiramaɣ) Khalkha: x́armag
Buriat: x́armag, xirmag
Kalmuck: kirmъg
Ordos: kirmaG 'petite neige qui parvient à peine à couvrir le sol'
Dagur: kiarǝmsǝn
Comments: KW 232, MGCD 354. Turk. *kɨrpak is probably a different root, see under *k`are.Proto-Mongolian: *dal-
Meaning: hidden, secret
Russian meaning: тайный, спрятанный
Written Mongolian: dalda (L 225) Middle Mongolian: dalda 'Schirm, Schutz' (SH ), dalda, daldadu (MA 138) Khalkha: dald
Buriat: dalda
Kalmuck: daldǝ
Ordos: dalda
Shary-Yoghur: dalda
Proto-Mongolian: *möl-sü, *möl-dür
Meaning: 1 ice 2 hail
Russian meaning: 1 лед 2 град
Written Mongolian: mösü(n), mölsü(n) (L 546, 550) 1, möndür 2 Middle Mongolian: molsun (HY 1, SH ), mulsun (MA ), mundur (HY 2), mūlsūn (Lig.VMI ) Khalkha: mös 1, möndör 2
Buriat: müĺhe(n)
Kalmuck: mösn
Ordos: mösü
Dongxian: mensun (MGCD mandǝu 2) Baoan: menšu (MGCD minśǝu) Shary-Yoghur: mösǝn
Monguor: morʒǝ (SM 240), (MGCD molsǝ) Comments: KW 266, 267, MGCD 489, 492. Mong. *möl-dür is proved by the Dagur form, as well as by Turkic loans: Chag. möldür, Uygh. möldür. See VEWT 341, Лексика 32.Proto-Mongolian: *girgawl, *k-
Meaning: pheasant
Russian meaning: фазан
Written Mongolian: girɣaul, ɣurɣuul (L 369), kirɣuul (L 471), kiraɣul (L 470) Middle Mongolian: xurqa'ul (HY 14) Khalkha: gurgūl
Buriat: gurgūl
Kalmuck: kirɣūl (КРС ), ɣorɣūl Ordos: GurGūl
Baoan: golGor
Monguor: ćirGū (SM 457), (MGCD ) GurGul Comments: KW 151, MGCD 305. Mong. > Chag. qɨrɣavul, Turk. kɨrkavul etc. (ЭСТЯ 6, 232; see VEWT 266, Щербак 1997 , 208, TMN 3, 451) > Kalm. kirɣūl, kerɣūl (KW 232).Proto-Mongolian: *sogu-(ɣa)
Meaning: female deer
Russian meaning: лань, оленуха
Written Mongolian: soɣu (L 724) Khalkha: sogō
Buriat: hogō(n)
Kalmuck: soɣǝ
Dagur: sugā (Тод. Даг. 164), suā 'a female elk in advanced pregnancy' (MD 212) Comments: KW 329. Despite Sukhebaatar , not a borrowing from Turk. sɨ̄gun (which denotes a male maral; see *sīgo).Proto-Mongolian: *čurukai
Meaning: pike
Russian meaning: щука
Written Mongolian: čurqai, (L 207:) čuruqai Middle Mongolian: čuraqa (SH ) Khalkha: curxaj
Buriat: surxaj
Kalmuck: curxǝ
Comments: KW 434. Mong. > Evk. čirukai, see Doerfer MT 131. Cf. also Kalm. cordǝg 'young pike' (KW 430) - possibly a Turkism.Proto-Mongolian: *kürijen
Meaning: enclosure
Russian meaning: огороженное место, двор, забор
Written Mongolian: kürijen (L 506) Middle Mongolian: gurijen (HY 4) 'fenced well', gure'en (SH ) Khalkha: xürēn
Buriat: xüŕē 'glass rim', xüŕēl- 'to fence, enclose', xüŕēn 'monastery'
Ordos: kürē
Dongxian: Goron
Dagur: xorē
Shary-Yoghur: kürēleg
Monguor: kuraŋ
Proto-Mongolian: *kalǯa-
Meaning: bald, having a white blaze
Russian meaning: лысый (о человеке), со звездочкой (о лошади)
Written Mongolian: qalǯa(n), qalǯi(n), qalčaɣai (L 918, 922-923) Middle Mongolian: qalǯan, qalčaɣai (MA ) Khalkha: xalʒan, xalcgaj
Buriat: xalzan, xalsagai
Kalmuck: xalcъɣǟ 'haarlos, grasslos'
Ordos: xalǯan
Dagur: xalǯin
Shary-Yoghur: GalǯaŋGar
Comments: KW 163, MGCD 319. The forms with -lč- are a result of contamination with *kalča- 'to rub, flay, tear off' (v. sub *kèĺčo ); but neither can be borrowed from Turkic, despite Щербак 1997 , 135. Mong. > Chag. qalčɨɣaj; Manchu qalǯa etc. (see ТМС 1, 366, Rozycki 130) > MKor. kančjá măr (Lee 1964 , 190).Proto-Mongolian: *köw, *köw-ɣün, *kewken
Meaning: child, son
Russian meaning: ребенок, сын
Written Mongolian: köü, köbekün, keüken (L 461: keüken, kegüken) Middle Mongolian: ko'un (HY 29, SH ), kǝušǝŋ (HY 30), ko'u (SH ), keun (IM ), kuwn (MA ) Khalkha: xǖ, xüvgǖn 'son', xǖ-xen 'daughter, girl'
Buriat: xübǖn 'son', xǖge(n) 'child; daughter',
Kalmuck: köwǖn 'son', kǖkṇ 'girl'
Ordos: kǖ 'son', kǖχen
Dongxian: kǝvan, kǝwon 'son'
Shary-Yoghur: kǖken
Monguor: kū, kō 'son' (SM 205), kugen (SM 208) 'child'Mogol: köün; ZM koun (9-8b) 'son', koukläq (10-5b) 'youth' Comments: KW 242, MGCD 395, TMN 1, 455. Cf. also WMong. küi, Kalm. kī 'tribe, kin' ( > Turk. köj, see KW 234, VEWT 286).Proto-Mongolian: *kesig
Meaning: 1 luck, prosperity, grace 2part of the sacrificed meat
Russian meaning: 1 счастье, удача, благополучие 2 часть мяса жертвенных животных, которую раздают людям
Written Mongolian: kesig (L 460) Middle Mongolian: kešig (SH ) 2 Khalkha: xišig
Buriat: xešeg
Kalmuck: kišǝg
Monguor: kǝšǝg 1, 2 (SM 199) Comments: KW 233, MGCD 346. Doerfer (TMN 1, 469) gives the meaning as 'Teil, Anteil, Glück, Schicksalslos' and regards the word as borrowed < Turk. *kesik (should be rather *kesek) 'piece'. The sources available to us, however, only give the meaning 'luck, grace' (see L 460, KW 233 etc.) which is absent in Turkic. Therefore the word is hardly borrowed < Turkic.monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-mgr,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-dag,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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