Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *kaje ( ~ k`-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to love, covet

Russian meaning: искать, домогаться

Turkic: *Kɨj-

Mongolian: *kaji-

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *kaji

Meaning: animal

Russian meaning: животное

Turkic: *gejik

Tungus-Manchu: *kaji-

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss; but cf. also Mong. kik laɣusa 'mule'; OJ ke-mono 'animal' (usually explained as 'hairy being').

Proto-Altaic: *kàji ( ~ k`-, g-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: clear, clean

Russian meaning: чистый

Korean: *kāi-

Japanese: *kìjùa-

Comments: Martin 247. A Kor.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *kaku ( ~ -k`-)

Meaning: tanned skin, leather

Russian meaning: мятая шкура, кожа

Turkic: *KAkma

Tungus-Manchu: *kaK-

Comments: Дыбо 15. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss; very poorly attested and thus not very reliable.

Proto-Altaic: *kák`á

Meaning: bright, shine

Russian meaning: светлый, светить

Mongolian: *kaka-rkaj ( ~ -g-)

Tungus-Manchu: *kakta-

Japanese: *kánká-

Comments: Ozawa 69-74. {Cf. PE *qăʁ-cu-ʁ- 'white, bleached', *qaʁu- 'light, bright'}

Proto-Altaic: *kak`o

Meaning: to smell (of burning)

Russian meaning: пахнуть горелым

Turkic: *Kok-

Mongolian: *kaku-

Tungus-Manchu: *kakti-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *kala

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: family, gathering

Russian meaning: семья, собрание

Tungus-Manchu: *kal-

Japanese: *kara

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss; see also notes to *ki̯ā́du.

Proto-Altaic: *kàla ( ~ *k`-, -e-)

Meaning: a k. of hat

Russian meaning: вид шапки

Turkic: *Kalpak

Mongolian: *kalbaŋ

Korean: *kár

Comments: Basically a Turk.-Kor. isogloss; the Mongolian form is poorly attested and may be borrowed < Turkic. In TM cf. perhaps Evk. kelpeke 'children's winter clothes', kelkē 'children's winter footwear' (ТМС 1, 446).

Proto-Altaic: *kaĺbo

Meaning: girdle, waist

Russian meaning: пояс, поясница

Turkic: *Koĺa- (*Kuĺa-)

Tungus-Manchu: *kalbu

Korean: *kurǝi

Comments: The root is well attested in TM, but other parallels are somewhat questionable: the Turkic word is attested late and may be derived from *Koĺ- 'join, unite'; on the Korean word see above.

Proto-Altaic: *kằle

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: knife, to cut

Russian meaning: нож, резать

Turkic: *Kɨlɨ̄̄č

Tungus-Manchu: *kaliki

Japanese: *kǝ̀r-

Comments: One of the many "verbs of cutting" in PA, with only nominal derivatives preserved in PT and PTM.

Proto-Altaic: *kălo

Meaning: to change, borrow

Russian meaning: менять, брать в долг

Turkic: *Kalɨm

Mongolian: *kala-

Tungus-Manchu: *kalma-gda

Korean: *kắr-

Japanese: *kár-

Comments: EAS 46, 154, АПиПЯЯ 75, Martin 228. The tone correspondence between Kor. and Jpn. is irregular, so the accent reconstruction here is difficult; note that the Kor. high tone here must be archaic, because it resists the general Korean tendency to introduce low tone into all verbal forms.

Proto-Altaic: *kaĺpa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of vessel

Russian meaning: вид сосуда

Turkic: *KAĺuk / *KAlgak

Mongolian: *kalbuga

Tungus-Manchu: *kala-n

Japanese: *kasipa

Comments: EAS 123, KW 83, Владимирцов 366, Poppe 78 (Turk.-Mong.), Цинциус 1984, 83, Miller 1970, 130, JOAL 121, Street 1980, 286-287, АПиПЯЯ 75. Despite TMN 3, 391, Щербак 1997, 135. borrowing in Mong. from Turk. is excluded. One cannot exclude a possibility that we are dealing with two different roots here: cf. the distinction in Turkic, strange loss of *-b- in Tungus *kala-n, and another Kor.-Jpn. root for 'vessel, container': MKor. kari 'fish pot, basket for catching fish', OJ ke (PJ *ka-i) 'vessel, container' (see Whitman 1985, 160).

Proto-Altaic: *kalt`o

Meaning: to split, divide

Russian meaning: расщеплять, делить

Turkic: *Kolak

Mongolian: *kalta-s, *kelte-

Tungus-Manchu: *kalta

Korean: *kằră-

Comments: SKE 98, Poppe 17, 75; Doerfer MT 47 (Turk. > Mong.). On a possible reflex in Jpn. see under *gằgta.

Proto-Altaic: *kalu

Meaning: a k. of fish

Russian meaning: вид рыбы

Mongolian: *kul-

Tungus-Manchu: *kali

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss; cf. *k`ùla, *k`ile, with possible mergers.

Proto-Altaic: *kalV ( ~ -ĺ-)

Meaning: near, to come near

Russian meaning: близкий, приближаться

Mongolian: *kalu-

Tungus-Manchu: *kal-

Comments: KW 162 (but Turk. *Kāl- 'to stay behind' hardly belongs here), ТМС 1, 369, АПиПЯЯ 292. A Mong.-Tung. isogloss, but, despite Doerfer MT 144, hardly borrowed in TM < Mong.

Proto-Altaic: *kàma

Meaning: to unite, together

Russian meaning: объединять, вместе

Turkic: *KAmug

Mongolian: *kam-

Tungus-Manchu: *kamur-

Japanese: *kàmà-p-

Comments: KW 164, Владимирцов 391, Poppe 67-68, Цинциус 1984, 88. Mong. can hardly be explained as borrowed < Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 132, 165.

Proto-Altaic: *kami

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of cloth

Russian meaning: вид ткани

Turkic: *KEmek

Mongolian: *kemerlig

Tungus-Manchu: *kam-

Comments: A Western isogloss (although the Turkic reflex is somewhat dubious). MKor. kamtho 'a horsehair cap worn by officials' (compared with TM in SKE 92, Lee 1958, 113) is rather < Manchu.

Proto-Altaic: *kàmo

Meaning: boiled substance, alcohol

Russian meaning: вареное вещество, спиртной напиток

Turkic: *Kumɨŕ

Mongolian: *kimur

Tungus-Manchu: *kamnu- / *kamdu-

Japanese: *kàm-

Comments: Poppe 68, Лексика 450-451. Despite Doerfer's doubts (TMN 3, 515-516) the Turk.-Mong. parallel cannot be a coincidence.

Proto-Altaic: *kamp`o

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to fold, close

Russian meaning: складывать, закрывать