Germanic etymology : Query result

Proto-Germanic: *aina-

Meaning: one

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: { ains }

Old Norse: { einn }

Old English: ān

English: one

Old Saxon: ēn

Middle Dutch: een

Dutch: een

Middle Low German: ēn

Old High German: ein

Middle High German: ein 'ein'

German: ein

Proto-Germanic: *aira-, comp. adv. *airiaz, adj. *airiza-n; superl. *airista-; aira-n n.

Meaning: early, -ier

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: air adv. `early', comp. airis adv. `früher', comp. *airiza adj. `older'

Old Norse: adv. ār `früh', comp. ǟr `früher'; ār-r `frühzeitig', ār n. `Anfang'

Norwegian: adv. ɔr `früh'

Old English: ǟra adj. `earlier, former'; ǟr, comp. m. ǟra, ǟrra, f., n. ǟre, ǟrre, sup. ǟrest adj. `early, former, preceding, ancient'; ǟr, ēra, sup. ǟrost, -est, ǟrst `ere, before, sooner, earlier, formerly, already, some time ago, lately, just now, till, until', ǟr conj. `ere, before that', prp. `before'

English: ere

Old Frisian: ēr `früher'; ērra, ārra `elderly person, ancestor'; ērost, ērist, ērst, ārist, ārst

Old Saxon: ēr `früher', ērist `first'

Middle Dutch: eer, ēre `früher'; eerre; eerst, ērst, ierst

Dutch: eer; eerder; eerst

Old Franconian: ONFrank ēr

Middle Low German: ēr `früher'; ēre(r)

Old High German: ēr (8. Jh) `früher, einst, eher'; ēriro (um 800), ērro `elderly person, ancestor'; ērist `first'

Middle High German: ē, ēr 'früher, vormals; eher, lieber'; comp. ērer, ērre, ërre 'früher, vorig'

German: eher, ehe; erst

Proto-Germanic: *aiskōn- vb., *aisk=

Meaning: ask

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: āscian (ācsian, āhsian, āxian) (-ode; -od) `to ask, ask for, demand, inquire, call, summon before one; to obtain, experience'; ǟsce, -an f. `search, inquisition, examination, trial of'

English: ask

Old Frisian: āscian `vragen, verlangen'

Old Saxon: ēskon, ēscian `fordern'

Middle Dutch: eiscen, ēscen, hēschen

Dutch: eisen

Old High German: eiscōn (8.Jh.) `fordern, verlangen, bitten, fragen'', eisca `Forderung' (um 1000)

Middle High German: eischen, heischen wk./red. (prt. iesch) 'forschen, fragen; fordern'

German: heischen (älter eischen)

Proto-Germanic: *aísō(n), *áisōn- vb., *fr(a)-áisan- vb.; *uf-aisti-z

Meaning: danger

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *fraisan st. `tempt'

Old Norse: eisa wk. `vorwärtsstürmen'

Old English: {of-ost, -est, ofst `Eile, Eifer' } { frāisan `(God) verzoeken, vragen, uitvorsen' }

Old Frisian: frēs `danger'

Old Saxon: frēsa `danger'; frēson `verzoeken, belagen, in gevaar brengen'; ov-ast `Eile, Eifer'

Middle Dutch: vrēsen `in gevaar brengen, bang maken, dreigen'

Dutch: vrezen

Old High German: freisa st./wk. f. `danger'; freisōn `in gevaar brengen'

Middle High German: vreise st./wk. f., wk. m. 'gefährdung, gefahr, verderben, drangsal'; vreise 'grausam, schrecklich'; vreisen wk. 'in gefahr u. schrecken bringen', vreist(e) st. f. 'gefahr, gefährdung, drangsal; grausamkeit'

Proto-Germanic: *aitra-n, *aitila-z; *itilēn

Meaning: gland, matter

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: eitr n. `Eiter; Raserei'; NIsl eitil-l m. `Einschluss in einem Stein'

Norwegian: eiter; eitel `Drüse, Knorren am Baum, Knoten, Knospe'; itle `Drüse'

Swedish: etter; dial. äjtel, ättel, ajtel `Drüse'

Danish: edder

Old English: ātor (āttor, āter ,ātter, ǟtor, ǟtter, ǟttor), gen. ātres/āttres n. `Eiter'

English: atter

Old Frisian: atter, ātter, ater. āter

Old Saxon: ēttar

Middle Dutch: etter

Dutch: etter m.

Middle Low German: etter

Old High German: eiʒ `Euterbeule, Geschwür'; eitar `Gift, Eiter' (9.Jh.)

Middle High German: eiʒ st. m. 'geschwür, eiterbeule', eiʒel st. `kleines eiterndes Geschwür'; eiter st. n. 'gift, bes. tierisches; ohrenfliessen'

German: Eiter m.; dial. eis `Euterbeule, Geschwür'

Proto-Germanic: *áiɵa-z

Meaning: oath

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: aiɵ-s m. (a) `oath'

Old Norse: eiδ-r m. `Eid'

Norwegian: eid

Swedish: ed

Danish: ed

Old English: āɵ, -es m. `oath, swearing'

English: oath

Old Frisian: ēth

Old Saxon: ēth

Middle Dutch: eet

Dutch: eed m.

Middle Low German: ēt

Old High German: eid (8.Jh.) `Eid, Schwur, Gelöbnis'; Langob pl. aidos `Eideshelfer'

Middle High German: eit (-d-) st. m., f. 'eid'

German: Eid m.

Proto-Germanic: *áiɵuma-z

Meaning: brother-in-law

Old English: āɵum `зять, шурин'

Old High German: eidum `зять'

Middle High German: eidem, eiden st. m. 'schwiegersohn; schwiegervater'

Proto-Germanic: *aiwa-z, -n, *aiwō(n)

Meaning: law

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: ǟ, ǟw, gen. ǟ, ǟe, ǟwe f., gen. ǟs n. `law; statute, custom, rite, marriage'

Old Frisian: ā, ē, ēwe wk f. (n-decl.), ēwa

Old Saxon: ēo, ēu st. m.

Middle Dutch: ēwe, ee, eeuw

Dutch: eegade m., n.

Middle Low German: ē(we), ēwe, ee, eeuw

Old High German: ēwa, ēwī f. (8. Jh.)

Middle High German: ēwe, ē st. f. 'endlos lange zeit, ewigkeit; alterkömmliches gewohnheitsrecht, recht, gesetz'

German: Ehe

Comments: All forms except OSax also mean `Ehevertrag, Ehe'.

Proto-Germanic: *aiwiskia-n; *aiwisk=

Meaning: dishonour, shame

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: aiwiski n. (ja) `shame'; un-aiwisk-s `without shame'

Old English: ǟwisc, -e f. `a dishonour, disgrece, offence'; ǟwisc adj. `disgraced, ashamed, abashed', ǟwiscnys, -ness, -e f. `disgrace, obscenity, filthiness, ablushing for shame, reverence'

Low German: eisk, aisch `fürchterlich, ekelhaft, garstig'

Middle High German: eisch 'hässlich, abscheulich'

Proto-Germanic: *aiwi-z (/*aiwa-z); *aiwi-; *aiwō-; adv. *aiwi-n; *aiwīn

Meaning: eternity, life-time, always

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *aiw-s m. (a/i) `time, eternity'; ni... aiw `never'

Old Norse: ǟvi f. `Ewigkeit, Lebenszeit'; ǟ, ei, ey, öy `immer'

Norwegian: äva `Ewigkeit, Lebenszeit'

Old Swedish: ē `immer'

Swedish: dial. äva `Ewigkeit, Lebenszeit'

Old English: ǟ indecl. `life'; ā adv. `always, ever, for ever', nā, nō `no, not'

English: aye, ever; no

Old Frisian: ēwe f. `eeuwigheid'

Old Saxon: ēwan-dag `eeuwigheid', ēwig `eeuwig', ēo `immer'

Middle Dutch: ēwe, ee m., f. `tijdperk, eeuwigheid'

Dutch: eeuw f.

Middle Low German: ēwe `wigkeit'

Old High German: ēwī st. f., ēwa st./wk. f. `Ewigkeit' (9. Jh.); īo `immer', nīo `nie'

Middle High German: ēwe, ē st. f. 'endlos lange zeit, ewigkeit; altherkömmliches gewohnheitsrecht, recht, gesetz'

German: je, nie

Proto-Germanic: *áixa- prs., *aigán-, *aigni-z, *aixti-z

Meaning: have, possess

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *aigan (aih, aigum/aihum; aihta) prt.-prs. `have, partake of'; aiht-s f. (i) `property'; aigin n. (a) `property'

Old Norse: eiga prt.-prs. `besitzen'; ǟtt f. `Geschlecht, Stamm, Generation; Himmelsgegend', ātt `id.'; eigin-n adj. `eigen, eigentümlich'; eign f. `Eigentum', Run. Norw at aign

Norwegian: eign sbs.; eigen adj.; ätt

Old Swedish: eghn, äghn sbs.

Swedish: egen adj.; äga vb.; egen adj.; ätt

Old Danish: egn sbs.

Danish: egen eien adj.; ät

Old English: āgan (āh, āgon; āhte; āgen) `to own, possess, have, obtain; to give, deliber, restore'; ǟht, -e f. `possessions, property, lands, goods, riches; possession, power'; { āgen (ǟgen) }

English: owe, own

Old Frisian: (h)āga (āch, āgon; āchte); ein, ain adj.

Old Saxon: ēgan (ēh, ēgun; ēhta) `haben, besitzen'; ēgan adj.

Middle Dutch: eighen, eighijn `eigen; horig, lijeigen'

Dutch: eigen adj.

Middle Low German: ēgen adj.

Old High German: eigan adj.; eigan `haben, besitzen'; ēht `Besitzt, Eigentum'; eigan adj.

Middle High German: eigen adj. 'was man hat, eigen mit; hörig, leibeigen'; eigen an. v. 'haben'

German: eigen adj.

Proto-Germanic: *aiza-n; *ī́sarna-, *īzarna-; *aizuga-z

Meaning: ore, copper, iron

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: aiz n. `money metal'; *īsarn n. (a) `iron'

Old Norse: eir n. `Erz, Kupfer'; ēarn, īarn (älter), jārn n. (2)

Norwegian: eir (1); 3) jarn (2); eir, erj (4)

Old Swedish: ēr (1)

Swedish: järn (2); ärg (3)

Old Danish: eer (1)

Danish: jern (2); ir, irr (4)

Old English: äs, -äris n. `Brass'; ǟr,-es n. `brass', ār, -es n. `ore, brass, copper' `Erz'; īsern,-es n. `iron, an instrument or weapon made of iron'; īsen, -es n. `iron, steel, an implement made of iron'; īren, -es n. `iron, an iron weapon, a sword, blade'

English: ore, iron

Old Frisian: īsern, īrsen (2)

Old Saxon: ēr (1); īsarn, īsan (2)

Middle Dutch: eer (1); īsen, īser (2)

Dutch: ijzer n.

Middle Low German: ēr(e) `Erz'; īsern, īsen (2)

Old High German: ēr (8. Jh.) `Erz'; īsarn, īsan (8. Jh.) (2)

Middle High German: ēr st. n. 'erz, eisen'; īsen st. n. 'eisen als metall; waffe, rüstung, pflugschar, hufeisen usw.'; īsern, īser st. n. 'eisen, bes. das verarbeitete eisen, eiserne waffe, rüstung'

Comments: 2, 3 - Lehnw. aus dem Keltischen (nicht Irl.)

Proto-Germanic: *aiziō; *aizōn-, *aizēn- vb.; *aistan- vb.

Meaning: respect, honour

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *aistan wk. `fear, respect'

Old Norse: eir f. `Gnade, Milde, Hilfe'; Eir Name einer Göttin (der Heilkunde), eira

Old English: ār, -e f. `honour, glory, rank, dignity, magnificence, respect, reverence; kindness, favour, mercy, pity; property, posessions, an estate, land, ecclesiastical living, benefice'

Old Frisian: ēre `eer, verering'

Old Saxon: ēra `eer, bescherming, genade, gave', ēron

Middle Dutch: ēre, ēr `eer, aanzien, eergevoel, deugd', ēren

Dutch: eer f.

Old Franconian: ONFrank ēra `coronam', unēra `ignominiam'

Middle Low German: ēre `Ehre'

Old High German: ēra (8. Jh.) `Ansehen, Wertschätzung, Berühmtheit, Würde, Zierde, Ehrfurcht, Verehrung', ērōn, ērēn

Middle High German: ēre st. f. `Ehererbietung, Zierde, Ansehen, Ruhm, Sieg, Herrschaft, Ehrgefüll, ehrenhaftes Benehmen'

German: Ehre f.

Proto-Germanic: *aizṓ

Meaning: oar

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: ār, ɔ̄r f. `Ruder'

Norwegian: ɔr

Old Swedish: ār(a)

Swedish: ɔra, ɔr

Danish: ɔre

Old English: ār, -e f. `oar'

English: oar

Proto-Germanic: *ajjá-n, *ajjá-z

Meaning: egg

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: CrimGot ada `ovum' (= Got nom. sg. *ad(d)i? nom. pl. *addja?)

Old Norse: egg n.

Swedish: ägg

Danish: eg

Old English: äg (äig), -es, pl. ru n. `Egg'

English: egg

Old Saxon: ei

Middle Dutch: ei

Dutch: ei n.

Middle Low German: ey

Old High German: ei (8. Jh.)

Middle High German: ei (gen. eies, eiges) st. n. 'ei'

German: Ei n.

Proto-Germanic: *akan- vb., *aki-z, *akla-z

Meaning: bad, evil

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: { acan `pijn doen', eke m. }

English: ache

Old Frisian: akelig, aeklig `horridus, miser, vehemens'

Middle Dutch: akel m. `leed, verdriet, nadeel'

Dutch: akelig

Low German: äken `pijn doen'

Proto-Germanic: *akan- vb.; *ēkan- vb.

Meaning: to sail, navigate

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: aka st. `(zu Schiff oder Wagen) fahren'

Norwegian: aka

Old Swedish: aka; āka

Swedish: ɔka

Danish: age

Proto-Germanic: *akarna-n/*akrana-n, *akirna-n

Meaning: acorn

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: akran n. (a) `fruit, results'

Old Norse: akarn n. `Frucht wildwachsender Bäume'

Norwegian: dial. ɔkorn `Eichel'

Swedish: dial. akarn `Eichel

Danish: agern `Eichel'

Old English: äcern (äcirn), -es n. `corn or fruitof an oak, acorn, nut'; { äcren, äceru }

English: acorn

Middle Dutch: aker m. `eikel'

Dutch: aker m.

Middle Low German: ēker(en), ecker(en), āker(en), acker(en) `Eichel, Eichelmast'

Middle High German: ackeran, ɛcker st. m., n. `Frucht der Eiche und Buche'

German: Ecker f.

Proto-Germanic: *akra-z, *akrōn

Meaning: field

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: akr-s m. (a) `field'

Old Norse: akr m. `Acker; Korn, Ackerfrucht', ekra f. `Ackerland'

Norwegian: äkra `Brachhland, Weide'

Old Swedish: ɔ̄ker, āker, akker

Swedish: ɔker, dial. ekrta, äkra `Brachhland, Weide'

Danish: ager

Old English: äcer (äcyr), -es m. `a field, land, sown land'

English: acre `Feldmass'

Old Frisian: ekker

Old Saxon: akkar

Middle Dutch: acker

Dutch: akker m.

Middle Low German: acker

Old High German: ackar (8.Jh.), ahhar

Middle High German: acker st. m., n. 'ackerfeld; ein längen- und flächenmass'

German: Acker m.

Proto-Germanic: *akwizjō; *akúsjō; *akwís=; *akús=

Meaning: ax

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: akʷizi f. (jō) `ax'

Old Norse: öx f., ax f.

Swedish: üxa

Danish: öxe

Old English: äx (äsc, acas), -e f., acase (axe), -an f. `axe'

English: axe

Old Saxon: akus

Middle Dutch: aex f.

Dutch: aaks, aks, aakst m.

Old Franconian: acus

Middle Low German: axe, ēxe, 5) ē̆xte; 3) akes

Old High German: ackis, ackus (um 800)

Middle High German: ackes, aks, ax, axt st. f. 'axt'

German: Axt f.